Australasian Medical Journal
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Innovative 3D visualisation and artificial intelligence tools augment medical education and clinical practice
Get PDFA recent study comparing MR and 3D printing technologies with original CT imaging in the assessment of congenital heart disease (CHD) has further highlighted the clinical value of these novel visualisation tool
Awareness of the Public about Chronic Renal Failure Causes, Treatment and Complications in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Chronic renal failure is a complicated health disease with considerable consequences for affected people and healthcare systems. Improving awareness and early identification of chronic renal failure requires a better understanding of the knowledge and attitudes of the illness across various demographics. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions of chronic renal failure among participants, considering various demographic factors such as gender, marital status, educational level, and working status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 407 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and associations between demographic factors and knowledge/perceptions of chronic renal failure were analyzed using chi-square tests and p-values. Results: The findings revealed noteworthy variations in knowledge and perception based on demographic factors. Gender differences were observed, with females exhibiting lower awareness of chronic renal failure compared to males. Widowed individuals showed a higher level of confidence in their knowledge. Educational level had a significant influence, with higher education correlating with better knowledge. Employment status also played a role, with non-working individuals showing different beliefs regarding renal failure. Conclusion: This research underlines the necessity of considering demographic variables for addressing knowledge gaps and misunderstandings concerning chronic renal failure. Improved early diagnosis and treatment of this serious health issue may be achieved via the creation of educational interventions and awareness programs that are specifically designed to address the requirements of various demographic groups
Role of Invasive and Non-Invasive Ventilation in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review
Get PDFObjective: A growing number of research on the role of invasive and non-invasive ventilation treatment for acute respiratory failure and the comparison between the two approaches have been undertaken; nevertheless, there is no clear consensus on which one is superior to the other. The goal of this systematic review was to consolidate current data on the role of invasive and noninvasive ventilation treatment for acute respiratory failure and the comparison between the two approaches. Methods: Authors began with recognizing the important examination proof that spots light on the role of invasive and non-invasive ventilation treatment for acute respiratory failure and the comparison between the two approaches. We led electronic writing look in the accompanying data sets: Ovid Medline (- present), Ovid Medline Daily Update, Ovid Medline in process and other non-filed references, Ovid Embase (- present), The Cochrane Library (latest issue) and Web of Science. Just examinations in English language were incorporated. The precise selection was acted in close collaboration with a clinical examination curator. Results: We included 25 RCTs (3,302 participants. Although all certainty of evidence was very low, non-invasive respiratory management was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality. CPAP had the highest probability of being the best at reducing short-term mortality among all possible interventions, followed by PSV and HFNC; IMV and SOT were tied for the worst (surface under the cumulative ranking curve value: 93.2, 65.0, 44.1, 23.9, and 23.9, respectively). Conclusion: It is critical to avoid excessive tidal volume and lung injury when performing noninvasive ventilation on patients with de novo AHRF. Although some of these patients require pressure support, it should be used with caution because it can cause excessive tidal volume and lung injury.
Confronting the breathing issues caused by the coronavirus
Get PDFFor sever cases of Coronavirus sufferings that involves lung infection and then the management of the breathing problem, various methods and recipes are being predicted and propagated.The Author – as a Highly Qualified Chartered Professional Structural Engineer - while offering his prayers followed by a prolonged Sujud (prostration), got this feeling that the posture of Sujud greatly helps breathing. He then looked at the Anatomy of Lungs as well as the Physiology of the Respiratory System. He further gathered more information from Medical Practitioners/Experts as well as the Respiratory Physicians on the Physiology of the Respiratory System. It is important to note that - when most traditional modes of ventilation fail - the prone posture – both with and without support - in management of acute respiratory distress syndrome – was found to be a good substitute to the supine posture - mostly as a strategy to improve oxygenation - as this prone position alters the mechanics and physiology of gas exchange to result consistently in improved oxygenation
Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Bruxism: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Get PDFSince the time of birth until adulthood, the mouth has been known to be a natural site to release stress. The expression of this stress varies as the human grows. A newborn cries when stressed to attract the attention of parents. A child might spit and bite to release stress and anger. An adult might use abusive language, smokes, and uses drugs (all orally) to release stress. Bruxism, clenching or grinding of the teeth, is also a form of stress release through the oral route. It is a harmful behavior or a risk factor for developing negative oral health outcomes rather than a disorder. A psychological element is commonly associated with it. Multiple treatments can be used to treat bruxism, one of which is hypnotherapy. Although many case reports have discussed the role of hypnotherapy in treating bruxism, there is no comprehensive review of them. In this study, we review all published cases in which hypnotherapy was involved in treating bruxism. Our results encompass ten cases which conclude that hypnotherapy is effective in the treatment of bruxism
Wound Bed Preparation for Second Degree Deep Post Burn Wound Over Scalp
Get PDFWound bed preparation is an art. It is a complex process that involves an understanding of the physiology of wound healing, the factors, which disrupt wound healing and methods to overcome them. Scalp burn wound is one of the most challenging wounds to prepare due to rampant infection, debilitated condition of the patient and comorbid conditions. Various modalities have been tried and described for accelerating the wound bed preparation of such wounds. Wounds are managed according to TIME concept, an abbreviation stands for Tissue management, Infection control, Moisture regulation, and wound Edge management. In this article, we discuss the case of an 8 year old child who sustained electrical burns over the scalp and underwent wound bed preparation for second degree post burns wound for regenerative techniques
Exploring Baby Walker Usage and Related Injuries in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFBackground: Baby walkers have commonly used devices that allow infants to move around with the support of wheels, but they have been associated with various risks and hazards. Therefore, this study aimed to assess baby walker usage and their injuries, the awareness of caregivers regarding common misconceptions surrounding baby walkers, and to explore their attitudes toward general children's safety in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among families with children aged older than six months and younger than 12 years in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia, using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 75 kindergartens and schools were contacted for data collection between October and November 2022. The questionnaire included sections to gather information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers, their awareness of common misconceptions regarding baby walkers and their attitudes towards general children's safety. Results: 84.4% of caregivers used baby walkers for various reasons, primarily to facilitate early walking for the child (73.1%) and provide entertainment (54.1%). However, 22% of users reported injuries related to baby walker usage. Regarding the awareness, only 6% of caregivers were aware of assessed common misconceptions surrounding baby walkers. Additionally, the study revealed that 43% of the sample displayed a poor to moderate attitude towards general child safety. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for targeted educational initiatives to increase awareness, correct misconceptions, promote positive attitudes towards child safety, and mitigate the risks associated with baby walker usage. Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders should play an active role in providing accurate information and promoting safe practices to ensure the well-being and safety of infants
Management of Oesophageal Carcinoma
Get PDFOesophageal cancer is a cancer the majority of which is poorly understood and deadly diseases in the world, owing to its extreme aggressiveness and low survival rat
Prevalence of active Tuberculosis among adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus who completed Isoniazid prophylaxis at Mitooma Health Center IV: A cross-sectional- descriptive study
Get PDFBackground People Living With HIV/AIDS are at a higher risk of developing TB due to their compromised immune system. Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy is a recommended strategy for preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, active TB may still occur after INH completion.Aim and objectivesThis present study aimed to assess the prevalence of active Tuberculosis among adults with HIV that had completed Isoniazid prophylaxis at Mitooma Health Centre IV in 2022. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive design study was carried out to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis in HIV adults who completed Isoniazid prophylaxis at Mitooma Health Center IV at an HIV care clinic. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and correlation analysis was performed to identify the prevalence of active tuberculosis among adults with human immunodeficiency virus who completed Isoniazid prophylaxis at Mitooma Health Center IV and factors associated with active TB after INH completion. Results This study found a low prevalence of active TB (25%) among adults with HIV/AIDS before starting Isoniazid prophylaxis. Significant correlations were found between co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cryptococcal meningitis) and active TB after INH completion (r=0.557,
