International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Hepatitis B Surface Antigenaemia and Some Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Attending Hospital in Danja Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria
Get PDFHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. Infection with hepatitis B virus may be acute or chronic and can result in complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Nigeria, community misconceptions, inadequate attention or funding by the government have led to a high prevalence of the disease. The study was carried out to assess the prevalence and some risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus in Danja Local Government Area of Katsina State. Blood samples were collected from 688 patients attending Comprehensive Health Centre in Danja Local Government Area of Katsina State. Screening of samples was done using HBsAg test strip which is a rapid chromatographic immune assay (EGENS Reagent Technology, USA). A structured questionnaire was administered to determine some of the factors that influenced the prevalence of infection. The overall prevalence of infection was 15% (103/688). Males were more infected (19.6%) than females (7.8%) (P<0.05). Patients between the 0-12 years age group had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups. Factors such as marital status, blood transfusion, sharing of barbing and nail cutting items, previous infection with sexually transmitted diseases and number of persons living in a room were found to be significantly associated with hepatitis B virus (P< 0.05). Results from this study shows that hepatitis B virus infection is prevalent in the study area. Health education as well as vaccination of people should be carried out to prevent the spread of the infection
Density Functional Theory Investigation of Electronic Structure and Phonon Dispersions of New Perovskite ZrTi (Pbo3)2 Materials
Get PDFUsing Density functional theory (DFT) within the local-density approximation (LDA), the electronic structure as well as phonon dispersion relations of the new Perovskite ZrTi (PbO3)2 Materials at T = 0 have been studied. The result shows that Perovskite ZrTi (PbO3)2 has a stable cubic Pm3m phase, from the electronic properties studies it has been found that the material is direct band gap with the gap of about 1.8 eV, the soft dispersions at the phonon branch spreading from the X to R points of the cubic Brillouin zone is also observed. This soft branch persists up to high pressures
Design, Construction and Evaluation of 5A AC-DC Portable Lead Acid Battery Charger with an Inbuilt Automatic Shut OFF
Get PDFBattery charger is a system that restores battery after being discharged. It is well known that battery can be destroyed for being discharged below its manufacturers specified discharge voltage limit, when left for some hours. A single switch fly back buck converter that enables battery charging from the alternating current (AC) supply is designed, and constructed. To prevent the battery from overcharging an automatic charge controller was added to the design. Size of the charger was minimised by designing it to operate at higher frequency. It has an input potential difference (PD) from 80 to 250 volt. The circuit components and other design materials were chosen based on their simplicity and availability in most of the electronics shops. Red light emitting diode (LED) is ON when the charger is connected to the mains supply while the green LED is ON when charging is cut OFF or completed. The design was first conducted on MULTISIM software to ascertain the working conditions of the circuits before the construction procedure. Performance analysis was carried out and found working appropriately
Effect of Water Insoluble Component on Angstrom Exponent and Radiative Forcing of Continental Polluted Aerosols
Get PDFIn this paper, the optical properties of continental polluted aerosols were extracted from optical properties of Aerosols and cloud (OPAC) software at a spectral range of (0.24-0.80)µm ultraviolet to visible region and at eight relative humidity (0%,50%,70%,80%,90%,95%,98% &99%) to determine the effect of water insoluble component. The data were obtained by varying default concentration number of water insoluble component in the simulation software (OPAC). The optical parameters extracted were used to calculate the radiative forcing by the approach of Chylek and Wong, the Angstrom exponent (α), turbidity (β) and curvature (α2) using regression analysis. From the results obtained it was observed that α which determined the particle size distribution is greater than 1.0 at (0%-95%) RHs and it signifies that fine accumulation mode is the most dominant but at deliquescence points (98%-99%) RHs α is less than1.0 and this show the present of coarse mode. The curvature α2 which gives additional information of particle mode distributions was negative at all RHs indicating the dominance of fine mode particles. The optical depth of the atmospheric aerosols were determined for each model and analyzed graphically, the results have shown the clear decrease in size with increase in wavelength, but increases with increase in RHs. The turbidity β increase with increases in concentration number of water insoluble signifies the increases in aerosol loading which show decrease in visibility of the atmosphere. The analysis further shows that these aerosols have monomodal type of particle distributions
Abattoir Management: A Case study of Malumfashi Local Govt., Katsina State, Nigeria
Get PDFAbattoirs are facilities approved for collection, inspection and slaughter of food animals for human consumption. These facilities are established to centralize slaughtering processes and ensure safety of meat and meat products. However, if not properly managed, abattoirs are a very good source of infection or even life-threatening morbidities. In this case report of Malumfashi abattoir, the procedure of slaughter, inspection, processing and marketing of the products are presented. An average of 3 cattle and 20 sheep and goats are slaughtered on a daily basis in this slaughter facility, which has been operative for 41 years. It was observed from this survey that the design of the abattoir is substandard, and a number of operations prompt intervention by the state government and other relevant stakeholders. This practice poses high risk of contamination of previously healthy products with unhealthy ones. Information in this report is based on personal observations and interview with abattoir community. Challenges and several inadequacies associated with this abattoir highlight the need for governmental intervention in managing such facilities for the safety of food and public health. It is highly recommended that the state government and local authorities provide adequate funding for abattoir management and ensure continuous monitoring of slaughter activities all over the state
Malaria Prevalence in Gusau Township, Nigeria (A Preliminary Report)
Get PDFThis is comprehensive study of malaria and malaria infection in Gusau Township to generate baseline line information which may be useful in the planning control and preventive measures. A total of 5666 blood samples from patients were examined for malaria parasites between the month January to December, 2017, out which 2606 representing 46.0% were positive for malaria parasites, which was high. Both males and females were equally infected at the same rates and between the age groups. Malaria was hyperendemic in Gusau Township with transmission occurring throughout the months of the year. The best way to prevent malaria is avoiding mosquito bite through the use mosquito nets and screening of windows and doors
Modelling and Economic Analysis of a Simple Repairable System with Constant Failure and Repairs
Get PDFAvailability and profit of an industrial system are becoming an increasingly important issue. Where the availability of a system increases, the related profit will also increase. This paper dealt with the evaluation of availability, busy period and profit of redundant system. In this paper, the system consists of four subsystems arranged in series-parallel. Performance evaluation model for the availability, busy period and profit has been developed with the help of mathematical formulation based on Markov Birth-Death process using probabilistic approach. A transition diagram representing the operational behavior of the system has been developed. Failure and repair rates of subsystems are constant. The effect of failure and repair rates of each subsystem on generated profit has been determined
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of Jatropha curcus Root
Get PDFThis study investigated the use of Jatropha curcus as a medicinal plant used in treating many microbial infections. The lack of scientific standardization as well as possible therapeutic alternatives against antibiotic resistant bacterial and fungal infections indicates strong need for continuous effort to validate the use of plant material as alternative therapy regimens with similar or higher antibiotic beneficial properties. The present study describes the phytochemical activities and antibiotic properties of Jatropha curcus extracts against S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Shigella sp, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalisand C. kfyer. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of root bark of the plant using standard methods. The antibacterial potency was initially determined by agar well diffusion method for crude extractsof Jatropha curcusfollowed by quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity by Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimumbactericidal/fungicidal concentration. Phytochemical screening of all the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, carbohydrate, triterpenes and tannins. Steroid was absent in hexane and ethyl acetate but present in methanol extract. Anthraquinones was absent in all the extracts. Sensitivity test result showed that all the test isolates were sensitive to hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts at 500mg/ml. Staphlococcus aureus, Shigella sp., Candida krusei were found to have Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Bactericidal/Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations of 31.25mg/ml and 62.5mg/ml respectively in all the extracts. Thus this plant is a potential candidate for drug development for the treatment of diseases caused by these pathogens
Ameliorating and Synergistic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum Sanctum and Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Biochemical and Liver Function Indices of Mice
Get PDFThis study was carried out to investigate the ameliorating and synergistic effects of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum and Omega 3 fatty acids on biochemical and liver enzymes assay of mice induced with P. berghei. Thirty mice were randomly distributed into six groups, five mice per group. Group A (Positive control, infected and untreated), Group B (100mg/kg of extract + 0.2ul Omega 3 fatty acids), Group C (200mg/kg of extract + 0.2ul Omega 3 fatty acids), Group D (300mg/kg of extract + 0.2ul Omega 3 fatty acids), Group E (0.2ul Omega 3 fatty acids) and Group F (0.1ml Artemether/lumefantrine serves as standard control). All groups were treated for 4 days, food and water were given in equal proportion. All parameters were analyzed using standard method of analysis. The qualitative phytochemical screening of O. sanctum showed high presence of volatile oils, and moderate presence of saponins, steroids, cardiac glycoside and alkaloids. Groups treated with the combination of Ocimum sanctum and Omega 3 fatty acids showed significant (P<0.05) increase in biochemical indices while Group F (standard control) and group A (infected and untreated) showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the biochemical indices. The combination of Ocimum sanctum and Omega 3 fatty acids showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in enzymes assays at different concentrations,while the infected and untreated group shows significant increase in enzymes assay. This study indicates that synergy of Ocimum sanctum and Omega 3 fatty acids at different concentration showed ameliorating effects on liver damage, as indicated in the enzymes assay
Assessment of Soil Root-Knot Nematodes in Some Selected Plant Cultivated at Nagwamatse Farm, Gusau, Zamfara State Nigeria
Get PDFThis research was conducted to assess the incidence of root-knot disease on cucumber, tomato, and strawberry at Nagwamatse farm along Wanke/ Dan Sadau road in Gusau Zamfara state.Three (3) different samples of soil and roots of Cucumber, Strawberry, and Tomato plant were collected in a polythene bags from Nagwamatse farms for duration of three (3) month. The result showed that the crops there were infected with root-knot nematodes. Highestpercentage (%) frequency was found in cucumber plant, closely followed by strawberry plant and the lowest frequency was found in the tomato plant. The greatest egg mass and gall formation was found in cucumber plant, and show high incidence of Nematodes. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, were identified to infect tomato, M. javanica and M. artellia were found in cucumber and M. javanica and M. hapla were found in strawberry. Out of the identify species, M. javanica was more frequent as it was found in all the selected plants species