International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Analyzing and Designing an Evaluation Benchmark for SQL and NoSQL Database Systems for some Selected Higher Institution in Zamfara State
Get PDFThis research analyzes and designs an evaluation benchmark for SQL and NoSQLdatabase systems, specifically tailored for higher institutions in Zamfara State. By benchmarking various database operations, including insert, select, update, delete, and stored procedures, we identify performance differences between the two systems. MongoDB demonstrates superior performance in handling insert, select, update, and delete operations, making it ideal for applications with high transactional demands. Conversely, MySQL excels in executing stored procedures due to its native support, which is crucial for complex procedural logic. Considering that insert, select, update, and delete operations are more common, MongoDB is generally recommended. However, for applications heavily reliant on stored procedures, MySQL remains the preferred choice. Additionally, the complexity of converting an existing MySQL database to MongoDB should be factored into the decision-making process. This study provides valuable insights and recommendations to help institutions in Zamfara State choose the most suitable database system based on their specific operational needs and performance requirements
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contents as Pollution Biomaskers in Fishes of Wasai Reservoir, Kano State-Nigeria
Get PDFThe study was carried out to assess heavy metal concentrations in water, gills and liver of Tilapia zilli sampled from Wasai Reservoir from January 2019 to June 2020, with the aim of predicting health risk to the consumers. Sampling stations were selected based on variation of human activities around the water body. Levels of metals were determined using Microwave Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES). The results indicated that metal concentrations in water followed the following order: Zinc (2.55 mg/L) > Chromium (0.067 mg/L) > Lead (0.058 mg/L) > Cadmium (0.031 mg/L), with Arsenic undetected. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) showed that heavy metal accumulation in fish tissues was highest for Zn, followed by Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, and As. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the heavy metal concentrations across sampling stations, months, and seasons, except for Cr and Cd, which did not show significant variations (P>0.05). Fish tissue analysis revealed significant increases (P<0.05) in the gills (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > As > Cd) and liver (Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr > As). Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated strong positive correlations for Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb (P<0.01), while negative correlations were observed for Cd and Cu (P<0.01). The study concluded that heavy metal pollution significantly affected fish physiology and water quality in the reservoir, primarily due to anthropogenic activities. It recommends the implementation of proper reservoir management systems to conserve this vital ecosystem and prevent its long-term deterioration
Catalytic Valorization of Heavy Crude Oil Via Aquathermolysis with Mo2C/S-ZrO2 System
Get PDFCatalytic aquathermolysis emerges as a new approach to valorize heavy crude oil into lighter compositions with industrial compatibilities. Although several catalytic systems have been tested, certain critical issues remained unresolved. Therefore, the potential of Mo2C/S-ZrO2 as a candidate for upgrading a heavy crude oil with API gravity value of 12.0o was evaluated at the laboratory scale. Successful designed of the Mo2C/S-ZrO2 catalyst was established via FT-IR and XRD studies. Both techniques revealed features that were consistent with disappearance of MoO3 in MoO3/S-ZrO2 precursor and consequent formation of β-type Mo2C. Interestingly, the tetragonal form of ZrO2 was also unaltered by the carburization treatment (i.e. CH4/H2, 750oC, 1.5 h). Additionally, the associated physicochemical properties were strongly responsible for viscosity reduction from 250.25 mPas to 78.30 mPas. Similarly, resins and asphaltenes were successfully ruptured into lighter saturates and aromatics during the process. Thus, the Mo2C/S-ZrO2 system has good potential for this application
Optimal Control Analysis of Isolation and Treatment Strategies on the Transmission Dynamics and Control of Lassa Fever
Get PDFThis study constructed and examined a mathematical model on the dynamics of Lassa fever transmission and control. We took into account two interacting rodent and human populations. There are six groups within the human population, one of which is made up of people who underwent complicated recovery. Additionally, there are three divisions within the rodent population. The reduction of susceptible, latent, and infectious individuals by treatment and isolation is the main goal of this work. The goal of optimality is to reduce the number of latent and infectious individuals through isolation and treatment. The amount of influence of the controls in lowering the population of causal pathogens and susceptible, latent, and infectious people is determined by applying the optimal control theory. The model's optimal solution was established using Pontryagin's maximum principle, and the optimal system was then generated and solved numerically. Graphs were used to create simulations showing how the controls affected susceptible, latent, and infected persons. The results demonstrated that applying the two controls simultaneously can be one of the quick and efficient strategies to regulate Lassa Fever
Spatial Analysis of Site Suitability for Solar Photovoltaic Plants in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Get PDFNigeria is blessed with abundant natural source of renewable energy the; solar, wind, hydro and biomass. However, despite its strategic location near the equatorial region, the use of solar as a source of energy in the country is very insignificant. The current study focused on the spatial analysis of site suitability for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant in the study area. Administrative map of the study area, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), temperature, elevation, sentinel imagery, power line and road data were used for the study. Analysis was conducted using analytical hierarchical process (AHP) excel template and ArcGIS 10.8 software. Results on the suitability of economic factors revealed that, highly suitable area recorded the highest percentage for aspect (45.4%) and slope (99.1%), while unsuitable area for LULC (67.5%), road (53.1) and power line (59.01) recorded the highest percentage. Results for technical factors showed highly suitable with 66.4% and moderately suitable with 79.9% to be occupying more land area for GHI and temperature respectively. The result on the comparison matrix using AHP revealed GHI with 38.6% with high impact while road with only 4% with the lowest at 4% confidential level. Result on the site suitability index for the PV installation indicated moderately suitable area to has occupied the largest area with 73.7% while unsuitable with the lowest (0.9%) percent. Findings generally indicated that, there are five optimum sites for solar PV plant in the area with the capacity of PV output ranging from 1453.08 to 1459.37 kwh/m2/year. Based on these, it is concluded that, there are potential site for solar PV plant in Kaduna metropolis and these sites can provide the amount of energy required. Hence, the study recommends the provision of this type of plant in the area in order to reduce the much pressure on hydro power supply. 
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its Hepatic Impacts among Malaria Patients in Some Selected African Countries
Get PDFMalaria is an infection caused by the parasites of the genus, Plasmodium. There are more than hundreds of different species of Plasmodium known to cause malaria in different animals such as: birds, monkeys, and humans. However, only five of them are notoriously implicated in causing the infection to humans, with P. falciparum being the most common and lethal especially in Africa. Malaria is a major public health issue affecting African countries with millions of cases every year. Among the annual 241 million malaria cases and 627,000 deaths recorded in 2020, majority of these cases was recorded in sub-Sahara African countries. Diseases caused by P. falciparum result in the deaths of millions of these people annually, with greater percentage being small children living in highly endemic areas. This study reviews the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and its hepatic impacts among malaria patients in some selected African countries
Performance Evaluation of a Building Integrated Solar Cooker with Asymmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator for Indoor Cooking Application
Get PDFNigeria faces an acute shortage of conventional energy sources, relying heavily on fossil fuels for cooking, which poses significant health and environmental risks. Solar cookers have emerged as a promising alternative. However, existing solar cookers have limitations, including exposure of users to direct sunlight, low utilization efficiency, and they are predominantly designed for rural and community environments, making them less suitable for urban settlement. This study evaluates the performance of a building-integrated solar cooker (BIS) with an asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) for indoor cooking. Experimental tests achieved maximum stagnation temperatures of 126.9°C and 124.8°C on two consecutive days. Water heating tests showed a boiling times of 1 hour 40 minutes and 2 hours for 1.5kg and 2kg of water, respectively. The cooker's figures of merit (F1 and F2) values meet recommended standards, confirming its functionality. Successful cooking of eggs, noodles, and rice demonstrates its potential for sustainable indoor cooking. From the regression analysis, standardized cooking power of 513 W at a temperature difference of 50 OC were estimated using the regression equation and coefficient of determination (R²) were found to be 0.98, exceeding the minimum requirement of 0.75. This indicates a well-fitting regression model for the system. This study addresses the limitations of existing solar cookers highlighting its potential as a viable alternative to conventional energy sources for sustainable indoor cooking and advances solar-thermal technology for urban contexts, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food Commodities from North-western Nigeria: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health
Get PDFPesticides are an invaluable resource for the protection of crops and the assurance of food security. However, the improper application of these substances frequently results in the contamination of food commodities with hazardous residues. This article reviews the prevalence and concentrations of pesticide residues in food grains, vegetables, and fruits in North-western Nigeria. The excessive and improper use of pesticides in these regions has given rise to concerns regarding their potential impact on food safety and public health. The presence of residual pesticide contamination in edible crops has been linked to a number of significant health risks, including the development of acute and chronic health conditions such as cancer, birth defects and organ damage. This review employs a systematic approach to evaluate pesticide residue levels, compare them to internationally accepted maximum residue limits (MRLs), and identify deficiencies in existing agricultural and regulatory practices. It is the intention of this review to provide policymakers and stakeholders with the information they require to develop evidence-based strategies that will enhance food safety, protect public health and promote sustainable agriculture in Nigeria
Entomological Survey of Indoor Mosquitoes in Three Male Hostels at Nasarawa State University Main Campus, Keffi, Nigeria
Get PDFAn entomological survey of indoor mosquitoes was carried out to determine the abundance and distribution at Nasarawa State University, Keffi Male hostels between May to August 2024. A total of 270 mosquitoes comprising Anopheles sp 160(59.3%) and Culex sp 110 (40.7%) were collected using PSC and CDC- LTs techniques. Out of the overall mosquitoes recorded, 77(28.5%) were males with females having 193(71.5%). Each collection was done at the interval of two weeks from 6:00pm to 6:00am. Identification of mosquito was done with the aid of magnifying lens using pictorial key based on morphological features. The results of the study revealed that New hostel has the highest abundance 101(37.4%) followed by the Main hostel 86(31.9%), while Mande had the least number 83(30.7%).. The abundance of mosquitoes may be due to the prevailing weather conditions during the time of collection and the bush surroundings of the hostels favour their breeding. Chi-squire (χ2) analysis indicate significant association (P <0.05) in the overall abundance and distribution of mosquitoes. Therefore, the findings of this study will be useful for the University’s Medical Centre to develop effective strategies for elimination of mosquitoes and malaria on the campus
The Impact of Heat Source/Sink on Non-Linear Free Convection Fluid Flow with Chemical Reaction
Get PDFThis research investigates how heat sources and sinks influence non-linear free convection fluid flow when a chemical reaction is present. The model underlying this study integrates non-linear density variations based on both concentration and temperature, providing a detailed framework for analyzing complex fluid behaviors. To solve the governing equations for non-dimensional temperature, concentration, and velocity, the method of undetermined coefficients is employed, allowing precise calculation of these variables under various conditions. The effects of numerous physical parameters on heat and mass transfer rates and the velocity field are illustrated through a series of graphs and tables. The findings reveal that an increase in the Prandtl number, as well as higher suction parameters, leads to a reduction in temperature within the fluid. Furthermore, the velocity of the fluid increases with higher values of the Grashof number (Gr) and modified Grashof number (Gc), which represent the relative influences of buoyancy forces due to temperature and concentration gradients. However, the velocity decreases when the chemical reaction parameter is elevated, indicating the complex interaction between reaction rates and flow dynamics. Additionally, the study examines non-dimensional distributions of velocity, temperature, and concentration to demonstrate the impact of influential parameters, offering insights into how fluid properties adjust under different thermal and chemical conditions. The skin friction coefficient, representing resistance to fluid motion, and the local Nusselt number, indicating heat transfer efficiency, are also analyzed. A key observation is that drag forces, which oppose fluid movement, tend to decrease as the Prandtl number and heat source/sink levels increase, highlighting the moderating effects of these parameters. Overall, this research has practical implications, particularly in the efficient design of heating and cooling systems for electronic devices. By advancing the understanding of heat and mass transfer dynamics in non-linear convection flows, the study builds on previous research, offering enhanced methodologies and insights that contribute to improving thermal management in advanced engineering applications.