Sokoine University of Agriculture
TaCCIRe Tanzania Climate Change Information RepositoryNot a member yet
510 research outputs found
Sort by
Allometric tree biomass and volume models in Tanzania
No full textThe publication is one of outputs of the project on "Development of biomass estimation models for carbon monitoring in selected vegetation types of Tanzania” under the Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation (CCIAM) programme at Sokoine University of Agriculture(SUA), The publication has multiple contributors who participated in different different specializations. The main objective of the project was to develop models and methods for assessing and monitoring carbon stocks in Tanzania required for implementation of REDD+ at local as well as national levels. Vegetation types/tree species covered were miombo woodlands, lowland and humid montane forests, mangrove forests, thicket, Acacia-Commiphora woodlands, forest plantations (Pinus patula and Tectona grandis), and coconut, cashewnut and baobab trees. For some vegetation types, both biomass and volume models were developed while for others only biomass models have been covered. For some vegetation types, both biomass and volume models were developed while for others only biomass models have been covered. The book may be useful for scholars who wish to engage in tree allometric modelling. The developed models may also be used in REDD+ estimations and other
iicarbon trade mechanisms. It may also be useful to the practicing forester for
determination of forest stocking levels needed for forest planning.Norwegian government through Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation (CCIAM) programme and the project on Enhancing the Measuring, Reporting and Verification of forests in Tanzania through the application of advanced remote sensing technology (MRV-LiDAR) both hosted at Sokoine University of Agriculture
Establishing a baseline for monitoring and evaluating user satisfaction with climate services in Tanzania
No full textAlso available online-URL-http://www.cicero.uio.noClimate Services; Tanzania; User satisfaction; Baseline; Salience; Credibility; Legitimacy
This report is an output from the Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Program in Africa (GFCS-APA) Tanzania country activities. The aim of the report is to establish a baseline for monitoring “User
Satisfaction with Climate Services” at the national, district, and local levels, with a focus on the programme target
districts of Longido and Kiteto. A qualitative approach was employed to document 1) existing institutional coordination and steering mechanisms for a dedicated climate services platform at the national level; 2) respondents’ awareness of and access to climate information and services at national, district and local levels; 3) respondents’ perceptions of the ‘usability’ of climate information and services, and 4) the role of indigenous knowledge (IK)
about weather, climate, and related adaptation options. Following Cash et al., (2003), we analyzed “user satisfaction” in relation to respondents’ perceptions of the credibility, salience, and legitimacy of climate information and services.
Key findings include: 1) A national steering mechanism for climate services has been adopted, but there is a need to strengthen institutional coordination across all scales; 2) Awareness of and access to climate information and services are highly variable across institutional scales, indicating a need for increased awareness of the concept of
climate services as well as efforts to enhance delivery of climate information; 3) Perceptions of the credibility of climate information and services are paramount to increasing user satisfaction, and depend upon respondents’ experience using climate information in practice. Mismatches between the timing of decision-making and the
production and delivery of forecasts, as well as the limited spatial and temporal resolution of climate information and products, undermine the salience of climate information. The way in which forecasts are currently packaged andcommunicated presents additional challenges to understanding and interpreting the information for practical
decision-making. At the local level, disparities in capacities to access and benefit from climate information and services and the potential for climate information to take on political implications when attached to specific advice pose challenges to the legitimacy of climate information and services development. 4) IK was seen as being particularly
important to decision-making at local levels, where it gains its credibility through the long-term observations it is based on, as well as the experience that communities already have working with this knowledge. Incorporating IK
within climate services development is necessary to enhance the legitimacy of the processes and the applicability of
the knowledge that is generated to local decision-making, but there are a number of challenges to incorporating
scientific and indigenous knowledges. The findings highlight that improving user satisfaction with climate services
will be a long-term process that requires capacity building among producers, intermediaries, and users at all levels,
particularly to promote innovation in delivery, communication, and tailoring of climate services products.
Developing knowledge that is salient, credible, and legitimate in particular decision-making contexts will also require
long-term collaboration, as well as transparency about the strengths and limitations of scientific information and
open dialogue about the various ways in which stakeholders at different scales assess the credibility of climate
information. Based on the analysis, the authors put forward twelve recommendations to improve user satisfaction
with climate information and services in Tanzania in the future.The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
:Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme in Afric
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON TOURISM IN KILIMANJARO MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, TANZANIA
No full textAbstract
The study assessed social-economic and ecological implications of climate change and variability on tourism in Kilimanjaro National Park and adjacent communities. Specifically the study analyzed ecological and socioeconomic implications of climate change and variability in Kilimanjaro National Park. Further, the study identified climate change and variability adaptation strategies in the area. Also the study examines policy implication of climate change and variability on tourism. Both purposeful and random
sampling was used for villages and households selection in the area. Primary and secondary data both qualitative and quantitative were used in this study.
Primary data were mainly collected using structured household questionnaire. PRA methods such as questionnaire, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), key informant, time line, drivers of change and direct field observation were used to obtain data for CC&V implication on social economic and ecological in the area. Findings revealed that climate change and variability affects socio- economic and ecological resources in diverse ways. In terms of economic implications responses to Yes were significance
X2 0.05=7.81, Df = 3. The presented calculated chi-square X2 = 9.214 was larger than tabulated; therefore there was a significant statistical difference in socio- economic implications. Education, capacity building, soft loans, grants were adaptation strategies adopted. It is anticipated that the information obtained from this study will be beneficial to researchers, policy makers and conservation officers in National Parks in Tanzania to mainstream effective mitigation, coping and adaptation strategies for sustainable tourism and ecosystem management
Disbursements of International climate finance to Tanzania 2010 - 2013
No full textAvailable at http://www.odi.org/International publicly-sourced climate finance is not being consistently reported in
Tanzania, partly caused by the challenge of classifying such expenditure.
Communication within the government administration, and between government and
development partners, needs to be strengthened if strategic oversight of international
climate finance is to be secured in country
Economic impacts of climate change on maize production in the sub-humid and semi arid areas of Tanzania
No full textEnhancing Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture and Water Resources in the Great Horn of Africa” (ECAW) project funded by “International Development Research Centre” (IDRC), Canada.Climate change is the cause of most weather related externalities. Its effects are more evident on the environment, food security, human health, human settlements, economic activities, natural resources and physical infrastructure. This study assessed the economic impacts of climate change with a special focus on maize production. It examined the role of socioeconomic and biophysical characteristics in determining maize net revenue, the marginal impact of changes in climate variables and projected climate change impact on net revenue from maize enterprise due to future changes in climate in the sub-humid and semi-arid areas of Tanzania. The study utilized cross-sectional household data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics under its National Panel Survey in 2011/2012 from which 323 households were randomly sampled. Both descriptive and econometric methods were used to analyze the data. The Ricardian model was employed to assess the impact of climate change on maize production and in the model net revenue per hectare was regressed against a set of climate variables, socio-economic and biophysical variables using a two stage least square estimation method so as to address the problem of correlation between the dependent variable error term and the independent variables for the sub humid and semi-arid areas and across all farms. Results from the analysisindicated that household size and education of the household headpositivelyimpacted net farm return from maize production. Also it revealed that temperature and rainfall (p < 0.01) will negatively impact net revenue. Basing on the CMIP5 for Tanzania using the Mid-Century Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 the predicted future climate change will adversely impact net revenue from maize production in the sub-humid and semi-arid areas of Tanzania by the year 2050. Therefore investing in new technologies and adequate extension information services are recommended from this study so as to increase farmers‟ adaptive capacity to reduce the impact of climate change on maize production.MSc. Thesi
Reducing GHG Emissions from Traditional Livestock Systems to Mitigate Changing Climate and Biodiversity
No full textAbstract Climate change (CC) directly impacts the economy, ecosystems, water
resources, weather events, health issues, desertification, sea level rise, and even
political and social stability. The effects of CC affect different groups of societies
differently. In Tanzania, the effects of CC have even acquired a gender dimension,
whereby women are viewed as more vulnerable than men because of socioeconomic
and historic barriers. CC is largely caused by anthropogenic activities,
including those that increase the concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in
the atmosphere. Recent findings indicate that the livestock sector is responsible for
18 % of GHG emissions measured in the CO2 equivalent. Moreover, some gases
emitted by livestock have higher potential to warm the atmosphere than CO2 and
have a very long atmospheric lifetime. Methane (CH4) has 23 times the global
warming potential (GWP) of CO2, whereas nitrous oxide (N2O) has 296 times the
GWP of CO2. It is now estimated that the atmospheric concentrations of CH4 and
N2O are increasing at a rate of approximately 0.6 % and 0.25 % per year, respectively.
Cattle may emit CH4 from enteric fermentation equivalent to 2–12 % of the
ingested energy, whereas produced manure can emit N2O up to 1.25 % of its
weight. The estimated total CH4 and N2O emissions from Tanzanian ruminants stand at 26.17 Gg and 0.57 Gg, respectively. In this paper, we first very briefly
review emissions of GHGs from different livestock production systems in Tanzania
with the view of identifying the main hot spots. Then, we concentrate on the
available adaptation options and the limitations on the adoption of such adaptation
options in Tanzania. Emission of these GHGs per unit product varies with the level
of intensification, the types of livestock kept, and manure management. Intensification
of livestock production reduces the size of the land required to sustain a
livestock unit and frees up the land necessary for carbon sequestration. In Tanzania,
such intensification could take the form of the early harvesting and storing forage
for dry-season feeding. The advantage of this intervention is twofold: young
harvests have higher digestibility and emit less CH4 when fed to ruminants than
mature lignified forage; use of stored roughage in the dry season will reduce the
desertification of rangeland and deforestation that occur when livestock search for
pastureland. Dry-season supplementation of ruminants with energy and protein-rich
diets will reduce CH4 emission. The chemical treatment of crops byproducts will
increase the crops’ digestibility and reduce CH4 emission from ruminants. Crossbreds
of indigenous and exotic breeds are more efficient converters of feed into
products like meat and milk, with less GHG emitted per unit product. The use of
manure for biogas production will reduce the emission of both CH4 and N2O into
the atmosphere. Shifting from liquid to solid manure management has the potential
to reduce CH4 emissions. Most of these interventions, however, are not cost
neutral – enhancing awareness alone will not lead to their widespread adoption.
In the absence of subsidies, the adoption of these interventions will depend on the
relative cost of other options. Although some traditional livestock systems in
Tanzania are already coping with the impact of CC, such efforts are handicapped
by inadequate resources, poor coordination, and implementation of competing
measure
Farmers' perception and adaptation to climate variability in selected districts of Morogoro region, Tanzania
No full textMaster ThesisThe thrust of this study was to discern perceptions of rural people about climate variations
and assess their ability to adapt to the changes accordingly.
The specific objectives were
to: (i) assess farmers' perception about climate change indicators affecting agriculture, (ii)
analyze micro-level
analyse farmers'
climate change impacts facing farmers on production
adaptation to effects of climate change on production
systems, (iii)
systems, and (iv)
assess adequacy of off-farm coping strategies in reducing livelihood risks associated with
climate variability. The data for this study were collected through household
The questionnaires was administered
selected villages,
to a sample of 240 farming households
three from Kilosa District, two from Morogoro
District. Data were analysed using descriptive and quantitative
perceived by farmers, and
rainfall
intensity
from six
rural and one from
Mvomero
temperature,
interviews.
sunshine
methods. As
intensity
were
mentioned by most farmers as among the major indicators having great impact on climate
variability and change. The study results showed that farmers'
awareness
about climate
variations is high and that production systems of farmers have been highly impacted due
to prolonged
droughts,
dry spell, untimely
rains and changes
in rainfall seasons. The
results showed that most people in rural areas still do not know what the major agents of
climate change are. However,
the rural farmers have some knowledge
and capacity in
trying to adapt and cope to the climate changes although the capacities to deal with the
climatic variability
must be formulated
information,
are still low. Consequently
to address
adaptation
it is recommended
strategies
credit, extension services and strengthening
to farmer extension.
Additional
that focus
that effective policies
more on access
to
social networks through farmer
actors such as the private sector, NGOs, and the media
should be more involved in promoting the adaptation process.ZALF and ICRA
With or Without Community Participation: A Lesson from Joint Forest Management in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
No full textParticipation is now a dominant conservation narrative in Tanzania as the government is advocating partnership with local communities through Joint Forest Management (JFM). However, conservationists claim that participation does not lead to sustainable conservation and that there is a gap between rhetoric and practice. We assessed stocking and disturbance levels in forests with JFM and compared them with those without. The comparison was done for selected forests within Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania with similar ecological characteristics. Systematic forest inventory was employed in which transects (900 m long) were sampled throughout four forests. A total of 152 circular plots (0.07 ha) with two smaller sub-plots were sampled. Stem diameter at breast height (DBH) for all trees, height and basal diameter of three sample trees in a plot, were recorded. Basal diameters of cut tree stumps were measured to quantify the removals. Stocking was higher in forests with JFM than forests without for both montane and lowland forests. The difference was statistically significant across all the vegetation types except in woodland (p= 0.9049). However, forest reserves under JFM were more disturbed than those without. Even though, the disturbances were sustainable and ecologically good as they were below the mean annual increment and therefore considered beneficial to the forest in terms of stimulating regeneration of the harvested tree species. The most harvested tree species in montane forest was Ocotea usambarensis while in the lowland forests were Cedrela odorata, Milicia excelsa, Combretum molle and Albizia petersiana. Lack of incentives, benefit sharing mechanisms and market demands led to weak enforcement of set regulations. As a result, JFM have failed to stop illegal harvesting and these forests have become focal points for disturbances. Therefore, there is a need for taking corrective measures before scaling up of JFM in other parts of the country.NUFU Norwa
Climate change and its effects on livelihood strategies of peri-urban coastal communities in Tanzania
No full textAlso available online -http://www.pyrexjournals.org/pjgrpThis study was conducted to analyze the effects of climate change on livelihoods of the peri-urban coastal communities of Tanzania. Peri-urban coastal communities constituted the focus of the study because they are rapidly transforming albeit with limited attention in terms of planning and management. Four settlements were purposefully selected, two each from Dar es Salaam region and Kisarawe district. The methods for data collection included; interviews, observations, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, mapping and official interviews. Livelihood strategies were reflected upon using the sustainable livelihood framework. Results show that while a thirty year trend data for rainfall is decreasing, the temperature is on the increase. These trends have negatively affected agriculture, which is the main livelihood activity of the local communities. Climate change has contributed to food shortages, stress on water resources and households’ diminishing propensity for savings. A half of the respondents (50 percent) were aware of these changes have been coping by shifting from water dependent to drought resistant crops such as cassava, engaging in petty trading and casual labor and migrating to other regions with adequate rainfall. As a way forward, it has been recommended that the government in collaboration with key stakeholders should engage in developing practical interventions for alternative livelihood strategies that will assist local communities to effectively adapt to the threats of climate change
Institutional analysis for climate services development and delivery in Tanzania
No full textAlso available online - URL-http://www.cicero.uio.noThis report is an output of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Adaptation Programme
in Africa. The goal of the report is to describe and assess the current institutional landscape for development and
delivery of climate services in Tanzania and to suggest pathways for leveraging current opportunities, as well as for
addressing current institutional barriers, to enable improved production, access, and use of climate services in
Tanzania. This report is based on a review of relevant policy documents and grey literature, focus group discussions
with communities in Longido and Kiteto Districts, and key informant interviews with selected policy-makers,
authorities, and non-governmental actors at national and district levels involved in the fields of agriculture and food
security, health, and disaster risk reduction and management. The report findings suggest that there are four major
institutional challenges to the delivery of usable climate services across institutional scales in Tanzania: 1) potential
mismatches between national institutional arrangements and legal mandates, 2) limited technical, financial, and human resources, 3) lack of sufficient mechanisms to facilitate systematic flows of information between government agencies, both vertically and horizontally, and 4) limited specialized climate change knowledge and expertise within government structures. Recommendations are made for addressing these challenges.The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affair