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Emotive Suffigierung im spanischsprachigen Comic: Zu pragmatischen Funktionen der Diminutivsuffixe in Quinos Mafalda
Full text linkDer vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit pragmatischen Funktionen von Diminutivsuffixen im argentinischen Comic Mafalda des Zeichners Joaquín Salvador Lavado Tejón (Quino). Als Zeichen der gesprochenen Umgangssprache finden sich Diminutive häufig in der Nähesprache bzw. im schriftsprachlichen Bereich in der sog. fingierten Mündlichkeit. Besonders in Comics begegnet man dieser besonderen Form der graphischen Realisierung konzeptioneller Mündlichkeit (Koch & Oesterreicher 22011). Aus Perspektive der Diminutivforschung sprechen zudem diverse soziolinguistische Aspekte für die Auswahl von Mafalda als Analysegegenstand. Hinzu kommt, dass bislang nur wenige Untersuchungen zur fingierten Mündlichkeit in spanischsprachigen Comics vorliegen. Aus diesem Grund befasst sich der vorliegende Beitrag eingehend mit der Analyse der einzelnen Lesarten der Suffixe. Die textnahe Interpretation der Diminutive zeigt eine Mehrzahl meliorativer Verwendungsweisen, was mit dem ausschließlichen Gebrauch des in Argentinien präferierten und vorwiegend positiv konnotierten Suffixes ‑ito im Einklang steht. I.d.R. besteht eine Kombination aus objektiv diminuierender und affektiver Lesart, was sich v.a. durch außersprachliche Faktoren ergibt. Zu einer typischen Sprechweise im Umgang mit Kindern fügt sich auch die Feststellung einer dominierenden Verwendung der Suffixe zum Ausdruck von Zuneigung bzw. Vertrautheit.This article examines the pragmatic functions of diminutive suffixes in the Argentinean comic Mafalda by Joaquín Salvador Lavado Tejón (Quino). As a sign of spoken colloquial language, diminutives are often found in the language of proximity or in the written language in the so-called fictional orality. Especially comics contain this particular form of graphical realization of conceptual orality (Koch & Oesterreicher 22011). From the perspective of diminutive research, various sociolinguistic aspects support the decision of choosing Mafalda as the subject of analysis. In addition, so far only a few studies have been dedicated to fictional orality in Spanish comic books. For this reason, the present paper deals with the analysis of the different readings of the suffixes. The close-to-text interpretation of the diminutives shows a majority of meliorative uses, which is consistent with the exclusive use of the suffix ‑ito, preferred in Argentina and predominantly positively connoted. Usually, there is a combination of objectively diminishing and affective reading, which happens mainly due to extra-linguistic factors. The dominant use of suffixes to express affection or familiarity also fits well into the typical way of speaking with children
La trajectoire d’Émile Guillaumin: Retourner le stigmate en emblème : une stratégie audacieuse mais inefficace
Full text linkÉmile Guillaumin (1873-1951) is, in France, the best known and most quoted of peasant writers. His trajectory is indeed exceptional. Having remained a peasant all his life, he tried to penetrate a literary field that was particularly closed to the working classes. For this, he implements a strategy of brandishing his social stigma, a strategy that pays off temporarily, since he manages to publish several collections of poems and novels. But this strategy quickly encounters limits. And after the Great War, he was forced to reorient himself towards a journalistic activity. He then became a kind of columnist specializing in the countryside of the 1930s.
Émile Guillaumin (1873-1951) est, en France, le plus connu et le plus cité des écrivains paysans. Sa trajectoire est bel et bien exceptionnelle. Demeuré paysan sa vie durant, il tente de pénétrer un champ littéraire particulièrement fermé aux classes populaires. Pour cela, il met en œuvre une stratégie de brandissement de son stigmate social, stratégie temporairement payante, puisqu’il parvient à publier plusieurs recueils de poèmes et des romans. Mais cette stratégie rencontre vite des limites. Et après la Grande Guerre, il est contraint de se réorienter vers une activité journalistique. Il devient alors une sorte de chroniqueur spécialiste des campagnes, dans les années 1930
Topônimo-monumento, herança imaterial em São Paulo (Brasil): Combatendo o apagamento toponímico
Full text linkFocusing on the city of São Paulo, Brazil, this paper explores how the substitution of toponyms leads to the loss of toponymic memory caused by the demonumentalization of the toponym, or, as we prefer to call it, a kind of topoamnesia, erasing stories that could be told to future generations. We interpret, with Critical Toponymy as a motto, some specific cases of toponym substitutions in urbanonyms within the municipality. The results point to the partial or total erasing of old place names after a certain lapse of time, and to the need to develop policies to protect toponyms, intangible cultural heritage.Tendo como objeto a cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, este artigo explora como a substituição de topônimos conduz à perda da memória toponímica ocasionada pela desmonumentalização do topônimo, ou, como preferimos chamar, uma espécie de topoamnésia, apagando histórias que poderiam ser contadas às gerações futuras. Interpretamos, tendo a Toponímia Crítica como mote, alguns casos pontuais de substituições toponímicas em urbanônimos dentro do município. Os resultados apontam para o apagamento parcial ou total de antigas denominações após determinado lapso de tempo e para a necessidade de se elaborarem políticas de proteção ao topônimo, herança cultural imaterial
José Eduardo Agualusa et sa Robinsonne Ludo
Full text linkFrom a cross-reading with Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, we consider José Eduardo Agualusa’s novel, Teoria Geral do Esquecimento (2012), as a postmodern Robinsonade. Indeed, the author builds his character, Ludovica Fernandes Mano, as a castaway from Portuguese colonization in Angola, after the independence of the African country. She lived as a recluse for twenty-eight years in her apartment in Luanda, before getting out with the help of a young boy, Sabalu. From then on, a postcolonial reversal takes place, since this character, although he corresponds to the figure of Robinson’s Friday, is not in a subordinate position. The relationship that is established between Ludo and Sabalu is made up of mutual aid, care and reciprocal exchanges, a far cry from the unequivocal and ethnocentric relationship of Defoe’s novel.À partir d’une lecture croisée avec le Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe, nous envisageons le roman de José Eduardo Agualusa, Teoria Geral do Esquecimento (2012), comme une robinsonnade postmoderne. En effet, l’auteur construit son personnage, Ludovica Fernandes Mano, comme une naufragée de la colonisation portugaise en terres angolaises, au sortir de l’indépendance du pays africain. Elle vit recluse durant vingt-huit ans dans son appartement luandais, avant d’en sortir grâce à l’aide d’un jeune garçon, Sabalu. Dès lors, il s’opère un renversement postcolonial, puisque ce personnage, bien qu’il corresponde à la figure du Vendredi de Robinson, n’est pas dans une position subalterne. La relation qui s’établit entre Ludo et Sabalu est faite d’entraide, de sollicitude et d’échanges réciproques, bien loin donc de la relation univoque et ethnocentrée du roman de Defoe
Novelas originales y americanas: A Digital Analysis of References to Identity in Subtitles of Spanish American 19th Century Novels
Full text linkIn der vorliegenden digitalen Analyse hispanoamerikanischer Romane des 19. Jahrhunderts aus Mexiko, Argentinien und Kuba werden Zusammenhänge zwischen literarischen Texten, Identitätskonstitution und Gattungen untersucht. Berücksichtigt werden die Untergattungen der Texte sowie ihre Funktion für die Herausbildung kollektiver Identitäten. Hierzu werden Identitätsbezüge in den Untertiteln der Romane als Ausgangspunkt herangezogen. Insbesondere werden die Bezeichnung als “novela original” sowie Identitätsbezüge durch die Begriffe “novela americana”, “novela mexicana”, “novela argentina” und “novela cubana” analysiert. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass jede Art von Identitätsroman, d. h. Romane, die sich im Untertitel explizit auf einen sprachlichen, kulturellen oder nationalen Kontext beziehen, spezifische Eigenschaften aufweist. Es gibt keine einheitliche Gattung, Thema oder Stil, um Identität zu repräsentieren oder zu konstituieren; vielmehr weist jeder Fall spezifische Formen auf. Dieses Ergebnis deckt sich mit Ergebnissen aus der Gedächtnisforschung (memory studies) zu identitätsstiftenden Erzählungen.Relationships between literary texts, identity constitution, and genre are explored in this digital analysis of 19th century Spanish American novels from Mexico, Argentina, and Cuba, of their subgenres, and their function in the formation of collective identities, starting from references to identity which were found in the subtitles of the novels. In particular, the label “novela original”, as well as identity references that can be subsumed under the terms “novela americana”, “novela mexicana”, “novela argentina”, and “novela cubana” are analyzed. It is found that each type of identity novel, that is, novels with explicit references to a linguistic, cultural, or national context in their subtitle, has its own characteristics. There is not the one genre, theme, or style that serves to represent and constitute identity, but there are forms that are specific for each case, a result which corresponds with findings from memory studies on group-defining stories
Dante peregrino: Idrografia e nomi delle acque nella Divina Commedia
Full text linkThe Divine Comedy mentions a great number of Italian geographical names, including many rivers. Dante also adds to the existing rivers many other imaginary waters, which are part of Hell and Purgatory. This article analyzes the role of the numerous geographic and fluvial names and descriptions included in Dante’s poem. Ultimately, rivers can be defined as one of the success factors of the Divine Comedy in Italy, because the poetry reminds the Italian readers of their country, their history, and their past, whereas the country continually reminds the readers of many beloved lines all along the poem.Il testo della Divina Commedia abbonda di toponimi italiani, fra cui sono presenti anche molti idronimi. A questi ultimi si aggiungono le idrografie immaginate da Dante nell’Oltretomba (Inferno e Purgatorio). Il presente contributo, partendo da alcuni studi classici dei due secoli passati (di A. Bassermann, A. Sacchetto, G. Fallani), analizza il ruolo e la funzione dei toponimi e in particolare degli idronimi all’interno del testo dantesco. È possibile ravvisare in questo elemento uno fra i motori del successo della Divina Commedia in Italia, nella misura in cui i nomi geografici fanno da cerniera fra i secoli e i lettori, la poesia diventa il luogo della memoria storica e geografica e i luoghi, all’inverso, assurgono a custodi della rimembranza poetica
‚Mi ricordo′, ‚je me souviens′: ich erinnere mich: Sammlungsübergreifende Interviewanalysen in Oral History und Korpuslinguistik
Full text linkIm interdisziplinären Spannungsfeld zwischen Geschichtswissenschaft und Linguistik werden in diesem Beitrag Oral History-Interviews als zentrale Ressource beider Fächer ausgewertet. Die Fallstudie untersucht die Sprache des Erinnerns in italienischen und französischen lebensgeschichtlichen Interviews des Archivs Zwangsarbeit 1939-1945 und des LangAge-Korpus. In fünf Arbeitsschritten setzt sie die in der Oral History-Forschung etablierte Herangehensweise, Hypothesen aus den Daten heraus zu entwickeln, mit korpuslinguistischen Methoden um. So werden die Vorkommen der Personalpronomina wir und ich verglichen, und Schlüsselwörter (Keywords) und häufige Wortkombinationen (N-Gramme) ermittelt. Diese quantitativen Analysen werden durch die exemplarische Analyse häufiger Wendungen wie ‘ich erinnere mich’ oder ‘in einem bestimmten Moment’ vertieft. Dabei werden der biographische Zugang der Oral History und das geschichtswissenschaftliche Kontextwissen mit den Ergebnissen der korpuslinguistischen Analyse zusammengeführt. Als problematisch erweisen sich dabei unterschiedliche Transkriptionsstandards zwischen Oral History und Linguistik. Die neue Forschungsumgebung Oral-History.Digital unterstützt in Zukunft solche sammlungsübergreifenden und doch quellennahen Analysen lebensgeschichtlicher Interviews.Situated in the interdisciplinary fields of historiography and linguistics, this article evaluates oral history interviews as a resource valuable to both disciplines. The case study analyses the language of remembering in Italian and French life story interviews from the archive Forced Labour 1939-1945 and the LangAge corpus. In five working steps, it implements the oral history approach of developing hypotheses from the data itself with methods from corpus linguistics. Occurrences of personal pronouns we and I are compared and keywords as well as frequent word combinations (n-grams) are identified. These quantitative approaches are complemented by exemplary analyses of frequent phrases such as ‘I remember’ or ‘at a certain moment’. In doing so, the biographical approach of oral history and historical contextual knowledge can be combined with the results of corpus linguistic analysis. Although different transcription standards of oral history and linguistics prove to be problematic, in the future the new research environment Oral-History.Digital will simultaneously support cross-collection and close-to-source analyses of life history interviews
‘Toponimi esposti’ in lingua minoritaria nella regione Friuli Venezia Giulia: Tra normalizzazione e autopercezione
Full text linkIn multilingual areas, displaying toponymic indications in different languages is a fundamental contribution to ensuring the visibility of the languages of the territory. In the case of minority language communities with marked dialect fragmentation, which either do not dispose of a variety of reference or whose variety of reference has been codified only recently, as well as in areas with little orientation towards an exogenous norm (language islands, but sometimes also border territories), deciding to display toponyms in several languages is, however, not without its problems: should the local form, often of limited diffusion, or a supra-local form be preferred? In the case of non-codified languages, which graphic tradition should one refer to? Using the example of Friuli Venezia Giulia, in north-eastern Italy, we will illustrate how toponymic choices could be very different if the actors implementing them are different. Furthermore, we will show how this can cause irritation and negative reactions in the local community. We will then attempt to investigate the motives driving such choices and what culture of memory emerges from them.In aree plurilingui, l’esposizione di indicazioni toponimiche in lingue diverse costituisce un contributo fondamentale per garantire la visibilità delle lingue del territorio. Nel caso di comunità linguistiche minoritarie con spiccata frammentazione dialettale, con una varietà di riferimento di recente codificazione o prive di essa, nonché in zone con scarso orientamento verso una norma esogena (isole linguistiche, ma talora anche territori di confine), la decisione di esporre toponimi in più lingue non è tuttavia scevra di problemi: va prediletta la forma locale, spesso di diffusione limitata, o una forma sovralocale? Nel caso di lingue non codificate, a quale tradizione grafica ci si deve orientare? All’esempio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, nel nordest d’Italia, illustreremo come le scelte toponimiche, talora contrastanti a seconda degli attori che le attuano, possano suscitare irritazioni e reazioni negative nella popolazione. Cercheremo poi di indagare i motivi che guidano tali scelte e quale cultura della memoria ne emerga
Stilometrische Annäherungen an den italienischen Petrarkismus
Full text linkWenige Autoren haben die europäische Lyrik so geprägt wie Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374). Das liegt vor allem an dem poetischen Stil von Petrarcas wichtigstem Text in italienischer Sprache, einer Sammlung von Liebesgedichten mit dem Titel Canzoniere, die über Jahrhunderte zu einem bedeutenden poetischen Modell für die europäische Lyrik wurde. Petrarcas Einfluss auf die europäische Literatur wird in der Forschung oft mit dem Ausdruck „Petrarkismus“ bezeichnet, allerdings ist die genaue Definition des Begriffs nach wie vor umstritten. Ein Grund dafür mag sein, dass nur wenige Untersuchungen zum Petrarkismus ein größeres Textkorpus in den Blick nehmen. Die Analyse eines umfassenden Korpus petrarkistischer Dichtung könnte allerdings nicht nur existierende Definitionen auf breiterer Basis erproben, sondern ferner einen quantitativ fundierten Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Petrarkismus leisten.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht ausgehend von bestehenden Erklärungsansätzen des Petrarkismus ein Korpus aus 55 italienischen Gedichtsammlungen mittels digitaler stilometrischer, Kookkurrenz- und Netzwerkanalysen.Few authors have shaped the history of European poetry as much as Petrarch (1304-1374). This is largely due to the poetic style of his most important Italian text, a collection of love poems entitled Canzoniere, which became an important poetic model for centuries. Scholars usually use the word “Petrarchism” to refer to Petrarch’s influence on the literary landscape, although the exact definition of the term continues to be under discussion. One reason for this may be the fact that few studies of Petrarchism focus on a larger corpus of texts. The analysis of a comprehensive corpus of Petrarchan poetry, however, could not only offer the possibility of testing existing definitions on a larger basis, but furthermore make a quantitatively sound contribution to a better understanding of Petrarchism.
Drawing on existing definitions of Petrarchism, this paper examines a corpus of 55 Italian poetry collections using digital stylometric, co-occurrence, and network analyses
Atribución de autoría y humanidades digitales en el Siglo de Oro español
Full text linkThis paper presents a series of experiments using tools offered by the digital humanities to bring new perspectives to a long-discussed case of authorship attribution: regarding the short novel La tía fingida ("The Pretended Aunt") attributed to Cervantes. The process of compilation of the corpus and some of the general problems of authorship attribution in the Spanish Golden Age are also discussed. By trying out the method of stylometry and using stylo as a tool, the different functions and experiments carried out, both for attribution and authorship verification, are presented. The results show that El celoso extremeño and La tía fingida seem to have a stylistic relatedness so are able to conclude contrasting both works from the stylometric and literary criticism perspective.
El presente trabajo expone el empleo de algunas de las herramientas que ofrecen las humanidades digitales para tratar de aportar nuevas perspectivas a un caso de autoría largamente discutido: el de la novela breve La tía fingida atribuida a Cervantes. Para llevar a cabo dicho se mostrará el proceso de compilación del corpus y algunos de los problemas de los textos del Siglo de Oro. A través del uso de la herramienta stylo se presentarán los diferentes métodos y experimentos llevados a cabo, tanto de atribución como de verificación de autoría. Los resultados de la estilometría mostraron que El celoso extremeño y La tía fingida parecen tener un parentesco estilístico por lo que se concluirá contrastando ambas obras desde la perspectiva estilométrica y la literaria