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Laboratory evaluation of different eco-friendly insecticides against the Egyptian fluted scale, Icerya aegyptiaca
No full textLac cultivation is generally carried out on a limited number of indigenous tree species found scattered in forests and cultivable land. Recent studies show that Flemingia semialata Roxb. (Leguminosae) is an excellent bushy host plant for the cultivation of the kusmi strain of lac insects. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of getting acquainted with the different eco-friendly insecticides under laboratory evaluation against the Egyptian fluted scale, Icerya aegyptica. Maximum nymphal mortality of 81.67 per cent and 78.34 per cent was observed at 0.2 per cent Pestoguard and Neemazal after 12 days of treatment, which is statistically at par with each other. 51.67 per cent mortality was achieved after 12 days of treatment at 1 per cent Uro-insecticide and Green mealikil, which is a microbial pesticide that is also effective against the Egyptian fluted scale, Icerya aegyptiaca. The mortality percentage was low after 1, 3 days and seven days, but it gradually increased after 12 days of treatment, obtaining 48.34% mortality, which is statistically at par with Uro-insecticide. All the eco-friendly insecticides used in the present experiment (Uroinsecticides, Pestoguard, green mealikil and neemazal) are effective in controlling the population of Icerya aegyptiaca. Unlike Malathion and Imidacloprid, they don’t have a quick knockdown effect; however, the mortality due to exposure significantly increases as there is an increase in days or duration of application, and they are safe for the lac insect
Kachri melon (a non-dessert form of Cucumis melo) diversity, germplasm utilization and varietal development under hot arid climate: Approaches and realization
No full textThe native crop plants genetic resource is very essential for nature’s resilient, region and season-specific varietal development and is also used in breeding programmes for resistance towards abiotic and biotic factors. Kachri and mat-kaachr or kachri melon (a non–dessert form of Cucumis melo var. callosus and agrestis) is an un-tapped arid zone cucurbit vegetable. Their vine plants are annual and short-duration in growth habit, and bearing 10.2–220.5 g weight fruits which are edible at maturity and unique in taste with ripening stages. It is wild and weedy types or semi-domesticated land-races and pre-dominantly grown mixed with the traditional farming in the north-western part of India. Intensive explorations and surveys were conducted in the state of Rajasthan from the year 1994 to 2001, and about 625 accessions were collected and studied over the period (1994 to 2012), and out of them, 68 germplasm lines were maintained for the conservation of regional diversity. The germplasm is evaluated repeatedly and characterized and categorized based on the plant morphology, maturity, utility of fruits and size, shape and skin colour of the mature fruits. On the basis of horticultural traits, fruit size, quality and yield components under the heat-stressed arid environment, the genotypes AHK-5, AHK-13, AHK-26, AHK-40, AHK-43, AHK-99, AHK-109, AHK-119, AHK-155, AHK-200, AHK-202, AHK-356, AHK-411, AHK-564 and AHK-572 were found the most promising and utilized in breeding programme. Unique quality, better fruit yielding, early harvesting and multiple stresses tolerating varieties, namely AHK-119 and AHK-200, developed for commercial cultivation. The development and recommendations of kachri melon production technology by ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner resulted in uniform and higher fruit yield (95–110 q/ha) as rainy and summer season harvest and now, its cultivation become much profit-making among the growers as a climate-smart crop. With the HBCPSMA concept, khejri and kachri technology exhibited high productivity of resources and family employment, and also returns @ Rs. 75,000–2,25,000 in comparison to the conventional cropping systems (Rs. 23,000–42,000) per ha/year under rainfed farming
First report on the invasion of vermicelli by Lasioderma serricorne
No full textLasioderma serricorne F. causes significant losses to grain that is kept in storage. They can also spoil a lot more food than they actually consume. An empirical experiment was carried out to ascertain the level of insect infestation in the vermicelli at Anand, Gujarat, India. Also, per cent weight loss of vermicelli due to infestation of L. serricorne and apparent parasitism of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) on grub of L. serricorne were calculated. The percentage of weight lost due to its infestation ranged from 18.00 to 68.00 per cent. Notably, the grub of L. serricorne was parasitized by A. calandrae and the apparent parasitism ranged from 48.00 to 85.00 percent. It was the first report of Lasioderma serricorne an infestation in vermicelli from India
Efficacy of antibiotics and bactericides against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri causing bacterial canker disease of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
No full textDiseases are the major constraints for citrus production which impede the fruit yield and quality. Citrus suffers from a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and viriods. Among these diseases, canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, foot rot or gummosis caused by Phytophthora spp., twig blight caused by Diplodia natalensis and Fusarium spp. Three antibiotics and three bactericides viz., Streptocycline, Kasugamycin 5% + Copper oxychloride 45% WP, Kasugamycin, Bacterimycin, Copper oxychloride 50% WP, Copper hydroxide 53.8% W/W were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri at the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Ummendganj-Kota, (Agricultural University, Kota) Rajasthan. Inhibition was highest in case of copper oxychloride 50% WP (34.20 mm) followed by bronopol 27% (28.90 mm) and streptocycline 90% W/W (12.48 mm) at 500 ppm concentration and no inhibition zone was found in kasugamycin. All the antibiotics/bactericides inhibited bacterial growth at higher concentrations
Identified the hive designs for the Indian bee, Apis cerana himalaya, in the NEH region of India
No full textThe Asian honey bee, Apis cerana, is a species of honey bee native to South, Southeast and East Asia. A. cerana himalaya colonies are known for building nests consisting of multiple combs in cavities containing a small entrance, presumably for defense against invasion by individuals of another nest. The sole purpose of a hive is to encourage the bees to construct their nest in such a way that it is easy to manage and maintain them. The influence of the hive’s design on the development of the honeybee colonies has been studied. In order to test the suitable design of hives, a total of 21 hives (Apis cerana himalaya colonies) were established, with three hives in each design serving as replications and assigned into seven treatment groups. Based on 2-year analysis from different hive designing experiments, ISI A type with eight frames has the maximum egg laying area of (312.33 cm2), brood area of (1238.99 cm2), honey store of (530.99 cm2) pollen stores of (524.77 cm2) followed by locally made hive with (260.16 cm2), (1216.33cm2), (413.49 cm2) and ( 470.91 cm2) of egg-laying area, brood area, honey store and pollen store respectively and the least was found in Modified ISI A type hive with brood chamber and frame reduced by 2 inch with six frames. This shows that ISI A type with eight frames is a scientific and most advanced hive for A. cerana himalaya. It is recommended that the ISI A type hive be followed by the locally-made hive best for A. cerana himalaya in the NEH region of India
Vegetative growth, flowering pattern and yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) as affected by exogenous application of paclobutrazol and KNO3
No full textStudied the response of different flowering regulatory agro-chemicals had a significantly positive impact on vegetative growth, flowering pattern and yield attributes of mango, during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Paclobutrazol is associated with a shorter internodal length and the highest flowering intensity. The study was laid out with 7 treatments in randomized block design and replicated thrice were applied on north Indian mango cultivars "Dashehari" and "Kesar" under the Banswara condition of Rajasthan. The results revealed that most of the flowering parameters were better performed with paclobutrazol @ 3.0 ml m-2 soil drench application mid-September (number of flowers/10 tagged panicle, per cent hermaphrodite flowers, per cent fruit set, least length and width of panicle) and foliar application of potassium nitrate 25 g l -1 observed maximum height and width of panicle, fruit weight, yield kg tree-1, yield t/ha
