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Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of mungbean
No full textNutrient management and their balance application are crucial for the high productivity of the crops; nitrogen and phosphorus are the essential nutrients, which are often deficient in the soil and must be supplied to the crops through various sources. The excessive application of these nutrients can lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases and contribute to eutrophication, water pollution, and many other issues. To determine the optimal application rate of these nutrients, a field experiment was conducted in ANASTU research farm, Kandahar, in 2023 to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Treatments comprised three levels of nitrogen (0, 20, and 40 kg ha-1) and four levels of phosphorous (0, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1). The study was carried out using an RCBD design with three replications. The results showed that 20 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, together and separately, enhanced growth parameters (Plant height, leaf area, dry matter, branches plant-1), yield attributes (Pods plant-1, grains pod-1, 100-grain weight and pod length) and grain, stover and total yield, significantly. Overall, this study indicates that the mungbean should be fertilized with 20 kg N ha–1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha–1 in Dand district of Kandahar province
Seed biopriming with different bioagents to minimize collar rot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)
No full textThe present studies investigate the effectiveness of various bioagents, namely Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzenium and Bacillus subtilis in promoting the growth, productivity and minimize the collar rot disease incidence in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) under in vitro and controlled pot conditions (upto 60 per cent disease control). Groundnut is a globally important oilseed crop known for its nutritional value and oil content. However, the sustainable production of groundnuts faces increasing challenges due to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Among the biotic diseases, collar rot disease of groundnut caused by Aspergillus niger is more extensive in kharif season and causes more damage in sandy loam soils. Bioagents like Trichoderma harzenium, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis are very helpful in increasing plant growth and controlling collar rot disease in groundnut. This study aims to elucidate the physiological mechanism underlying these interactions and provide practical insights into the application of this environmentally friendly approach for sustainable groundnut cultivation. Under pot condition treatment integration of seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and enriched vermicompost significantly shows minimum per cent disease incidence 6% and maximum plant vigour (2000) obtained from the treatment integration of Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and enriched Vermicompost. Our finding reveals that the application of integration of seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and enriched vermicompost significantly shows 57.14% disease control under pot conditions, outperformed the other bioagents in sustainable management of collar rot disease of groundnut and Pseudomonas fluorescens outperformed other bioagents in enhancement of growth of plant due to their PGPR activity
Assessment of variability for biochemical and mineral contents in fenugreek germplasm
No full textThirty accessions of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) were investigated for the morphological and proximate composition of (moisture, protein, phenols, total antioxidants and mineral contents) during 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. The genotypes showed a wide range of variations in the biochemical parameters. The fully mature leaves of fenugreek germplasm were subjected to biochemical analysis and revealed a wide range of variability in biochemical traits viz. Protein (3.19 to 5.57%) ascorbic acid content (31.8 to 82.5 ug/ g-1), phenol content (0.74 to 2.74 mg GAE g-1) and total antioxidants capacity (0.60 to 5.11 mg Trolox/g). EC 510685 was identified for green- copper color leaf with high antioxidant content of leaves ((5.11 mM Trolox/g), EC510717 was found rich in protein (5.5 %) and Zn content (1.12 mg/100 gm).EC510559 was reported to have higher Ca content (360mg100g-1) while EC510579 was observed with a higher test weight (20.15g). Significant differences were also recorded in mineral content viz. Ca (105 to 360mg/100 gm), Zn (0.34 to 1.2mg/100 gm) and mg (45.7 to 131mg/100 gm). Based on the evaluation superior genotypes identified can be exploited either for the promotion of antioxidants rich fenugreek, coloured leaves genotype for ornamental purposes and minerals-rich genotypes in the processing industry for fortification of fenugreek by developing products with other functional food to overcome malnutrition. This information could also be used to develop antioxidant-rich varieties through a suitable breeding approach
Investigation of stem gall disease prevalence in coriander in Humid South-Eastern plain Zone-V of Rajasthan
No full textProduction of coriander is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, diseases have been identified as significant limiting factors caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Stem gall caused by the fungus Protomyces macrosporus Unger is the most prevalent and damaging disease of coriander. The field survey of stem gall disease of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger in Humid South Eastern Plain Zone-V of Rajasthan was conducted at five locations in each district viz., Kota, Baran and Jhalawar district for recording incidence and intensity of disease during Rabi 2021-22. The maximum stem gall disease incidence was recorded in Ramganj Mandi (70%) of Kota district, followed by incidence in Kalya Khedi (60%) of Kota and incidence in Shahbad (60%) of Baran district. In contrast, minimum stem gall disease of coriander incidence was observed in Kanwas (25%) of the Kota district, followed by Gopalpura village (35%) of the Baran district. The maximum per cent disease intensity (PDI) of stem gall disease was observed in Ramganj Mandi (47.5%) of Kota district, followed by stem gall disease PDI in Shahbad (37.5%) and Anta (32.5%) of Baran district. The minimum PDI was recorded in Kanwas (10.0%) of Kota district, followed by Nadi Khod village (12.5%) and Jarga village (15.0%) of Jhalawar district and Gopalpura (15.0%) of Baran
Geo-statistical assessment of spatial variability of soil water-holding capacity for optimal irrigation under semi-arid vertisols in South India
No full textBased on a field survey conducted in Lalgudi block, Tiruchirapalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, details about the crops grown, cropping pattern, land utilization and soil samples were collected from 20 locations under seven different soil textures of semi-arid vertisols. Using the data, efficient geostatistical models have been explored to study the spatial variation of irrigation water requirement of paddy, sugarcane and banana grown in the study area. Geostatistics was applied to identify the best interpolation method to acquire the spatial map of the available water holding capacity. Ordinary kriging and Disjunctive kriging were explored with six models viz., Circular, Spherical, Exponential, Gaussian, Penta-spherical and Sine-Hole effect models and were used for spatial prediction. The cross-validation statistics indicated that the Sine-Hole effect model with disjunctive kriging of available water holding capacity was superior for interpolation with a minimum value of RMSE and moderate spatial dependency. With the available water holding capacity map of Lalgudi block, total available water, readily available water and irrigation interval of paddy, sugarcane and banana were estimated. The irrigation interval of paddy, sugarcane and banana were found to vary between 1-2, 3-5 and 2-4 days respectively within Lalgudi block. The adoption of spatial algorithms for estimating crop water requirements would greatly help irrigation planners and water policymakers create efficient regional plans for precision irrigation under semi-arid vertisols
Trichoderma role as an essential plant growth promotion-a review
No full textIn the world, pest infestation is responsible for 70% or more of per cent losses in agricultural productivity, and mycopesticide can provide an alternative option to pest control option as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Trichoderma is a genus of fungal species, and Trichoderma viride is one of the known fungal species in categories that exhibit biocontrol mechanisms since it is well-identified for 100% effectiveness in pest control. The mycelium of T. viride has shown its capabilities for the production of various types of enzymes, including cellulases and chitinase, with degradation capability for celluloses and chitin polymers, respectively. It is ubiquitous in nature. It is widely used for the management of crop diseases and is basically soil-borne, but it is also foliar. Trichoderma has shown its potential due to diversity, ecology, and application. The mechanism of action includes competition, production of different metabolites, induced resistance and enzymes, etc. There are several commercial formulations available all over the world that are used against crop diseases. Trichoderma, due to its potential for degradation capability, can be utilised from waste to wealth. Later on, with the development of more research on Trichoderma, various utilities were found. This includes its effective control against harmful insects in agricultural as well as health sectors. It also can detoxify the heavy metals. In the health sector, continuous exploration of its benefits for drug discovery is being done. As a whole, it can be considered soil gold and a promising future beneficial microbe
