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Study on gas exchange and antioxidant system of solanaceous species under water logged conditions
Get PDFThe aim of our work is to study gas exchange and antioxidant system in nine wild solanaceous species Solanum indicum, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum acculeatissimum, Solanum sysimbrifolium, Solanum nigrum, Solanum viarum, Solanum insimum Solanum torvum, and Solanum macranthum under water logging condition. Experiments were laid in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased and closure of stomata was quick during flooding conditions in all the Solanum species. Species Solanum torvum performed photosynthetically better under flooding and also had better stomatal conductance. The antioxidants like SOD, catalase and peroxidase activity was significantly increased during the period of waterlogging and lipid peroxidation (MDA) content was decreased in tolerant Solanum species. An increase in the some parameters associated with oxidative stress, namely peroxides production, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage, reveals that root oxygen deficiency caused photooxidative damage in all rootstocks of solanaceous species. The ability to maintain a balance between the formation and detoxification of activated oxygen species appeared likely to increase the survival potential and the tolerance of the plants against varying oxidative stress. On basis of our observation, we conclude that species with higher photosynthetic rate and antioxidant system had improved waterlogging stress tolerance
Biochemical basis of plant-insect interaction in arid horticulture crops: a scientific review
Get PDFPlants are persistently confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that drastically reduce their productivity. Plant responses to these stresses are multifaceted and involve copious Biochemical, physiological, molecular, molecular and cellular adaptations. Recent evidence shows that simultaneous occurrence of abiotic and biotic stress can have a positive effect on plant performance by reducing the susceptibility to biotic stress which is a positive sign for arid horticulture crops. Some of these adaptations specifically biochemical adaptations become the source of plant defense mechanisms against biotic stresses like insect’s pest and diseases. These biochemical adaptations/mechanisms includes production of secondary metabolites of plant defense against the biotic stresses especially against insects are wide spread and highly dynamic, and are mediated the response directly or indirectly in arid horticultural crops. Production of secondary metabolites viz. terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, N & S containing compounds is constitutive as well as inducible through mild stress caused by insect damage to plants which leads to affect the feeding, growth and survival of the insect. Quality and quantity of constitutive secondary metabolites production is species as well as cultivar specific and can be expressed as signature of particular plant or species and leads to the phenomenon of host-plant interaction or host-plant resistance. This phenomenon of host plant resistance to insect can be exploited for development of crop cultivars which readily produce the inducible response upon mild infestation and can perform as one of the of integrated pest management for sustainable arid horticulture crop production. This review presents overviews about these constitutive and inducible responses towards biochemical adaptations in arid horticulture crops to protect themselves against insects
Effect of different media incorporated with Pusa hydrogel on growth and watering frequency of potted foliage plant, Arrowhead (Syngonium podophyllum Schott.)
Get PDFTo study the effect of Pusa hydrogel incorporated growing media on morphological characters of Syngonium podophyllum under various watering frequencies, an experiment was conducted in the Horticultural college and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Theni (Tamil Nadu). The treatments were eleven with the composition of basic pot mixture (sand, red soil and FYM at the ratio of 1:1:1), coco peat and Pusa hydrogel. The results revealed that, the media with a composition of 75% pot mixture + 25% coco peat+3g hydrogel /kg of potting media is found to be the optimum medium for potted foliage plant of Syngonium podophyllum. The watering frequency has been altered corresponding to potting media composition and in the other hand the potting media also influenced the morphological character of the plant. This study has proved that hydrogels in potting media improves the water availability and decreases the watering frequency
Importance of quinoa and amaranth in food security
Get PDFAs a result of increasing population in the India and world, food security has become increasingly dependent on only a few crops with high demanding plant species. The quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and amaranth ( Amaranthus spp. ) are peculiar composition with high nutritional value and rich source of macronutrients and energy. These are called pseudocereals and provide good quality of protein, dietary fiber and lipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Amaranth and quinoa are gluten-free grains, having adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, and other bioactive components. Quinoa and amaranth is suitable for diverse consumers groups such as the elderly, children, high-performance athletes, diabetics, celiacs, and gluten or lactose intolerant people. Due to their composition and nutritional facts described for prospective for functional properties such as food supplements or common cereal replacers for human health. A review of the main aspects of amaranth and quinoa as alternative source of nutrient rich gluten free grains which have potential to alleviate hunger and provide food security to the Indian population. It is to be emphasized on the application of the amaranth and quinoa in the value added food for various segments of population; it will also create awareness to the farmers to grow these grains for better earning and livelihood
Effect of pasture type, phosphorus levels and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on forage productivity under agroforestry system in semi-arid regions
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture type, phosphorus levels and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on forage biomass and quality under agroforestry system in semi-arid conditions during kharif seasons. The result revealed that dry matter accumulation of lablab bean at 60 DAS, crop growth rate (CGR) from 30 to 45 DAS, dry fodder yield (DFY) of lablab bean and total biomass production were recorded significantly higher when lablab bean was sown with cenchrus grass in alternate paired rows, however, protein yield was estimated to be at par among types of pasture. Growth parameters of lablab bean viz. fresh and dry weight per plant at 60 DAS, CGR (30-45 DAS), number and dry weight of nodules per plant at 45 DAS and quality parameters viz. leaf and stem N-content, dry fodder yield of lablab bean, total biomass, average CP content and protein yield increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus from 20 to 60 Kg P2O5/ha. Positive and significant correlation between total protein yield and CP content (r= 0.53*), and biomass production (r=0.64**) was observed. Total biomass production was significantly increased to extent of 9.09 per cent due to PSB inoculation and estimated protein yield was observed to be higher by 10.42 per cent with PSB inoculation as compared to without inoculation
Comparison of physiological and flowering parameters of main and off season by using different plant nutrients and growth hormone in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Bangalora
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Paiyur during the year 2017-2018, to improve the physiological and flowering parameters using various plant growth regulators and nutrients. Observations were recorded on physiological and floral parameters. The chlorophyll ‘a’ (2.21 mg/g), ‘b’ (1.80 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (2.68 mg/g), chlorophyll index (57.98) and total soluble protein content (13.96 mg/g) were higher in the treatment PBZ (paclobutrazol) @ 0.75 g a.i. per m2 + KNO3 (1%) + NAA (20 ppm) during the main season. The least number of days were taken for initiation of first flowering (61.00 days) in the same treatment during the main season. Number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle (458.29), length of panicle (43.63 cm) and number of panicles per m2 (36.33), were higher during the main season comparing the off season crop in the same treatment
Timely sowing effect on incidence of aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis in blond psyllium, Plantaga ovata, Forsk
Get PDFTo find out the effect of different sowing dates on Rhopalosiphum maidis of blond psyllium, P. ovata, (Forsk) crop to determine the optimum sowing of dates. It is seen that the incidence and population fluctuation of R. maidis was dependent on the prevailed climatic conditions of the cropping seasons. The five different sowing dates revealed that early sown crop (9th November) had the minimum infestation (21.84 aphid/tiller) of aphids and highest seed yield (7.32 q ha-1) was obtained as compared to the late sowing crop 30th December (51.02 aphids/tiller) whereas, minimum seed yield was obtained on sown crop 7th December (4.03 q ha-1)
Role of insect pollinators and pollinizers in arid and semi-arid horticultural crops
Get PDFPollinators and pollinizers play pivotal role in pollination of arid and semi-arid horticultural crop species for sustaining the crop diversity and production systems. Many horticultural crops such as ber, aonla, pomegranate, phalsa, fig, jamun, citrus, bael, khejri, cucurbits, field beans etc. require insect pollinators for efficient pollination) to gain the higher yield. The pollinators and pollinizers increase quantitative and qualitative traits of horticultural crop produce. The present paper provides comprehensive information on the role of native as well as managed pollinators in the arid and semi-arid horticultural crop production. It is necessary to understand the importance of pollinators and pollinizers species richness or diversity in their natural habitat and role in crop improvement. The pollination with honeybees, knowledge about pollinizers, pollinator’s management and artificial pollination are major horticultural inventions to enhance the yield and quality in horticultural crops, since they are highly cross pollinated crops, and promote beekeeping industry to produce good quality honey
Study on changes in ultrastructure of Banana cv. Grand Naine during ripening
Get PDFThe periodical changes occurred at tissue level in fruit pulp and peel of banana cv. Grand Naine belongs to AAA genome was studied during storage period. In banana, structural modification in cell walls became apparent at advanced stages of ripening and showed predominantly dissolution of the middle lamella and gradual degradation of starch granules during ripening in fruit pulp and peel. In this study, four physiological stages of ripening of banana fruit peel and pulp were examined periodically under scanning electron microscope, elucidated degradation of starch granules at the time of ripening