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Effect of sources of kusum (Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken) seed, its size and tree attributes on seed quality and seed germination
Get PDFKusum tree is considered to be the best lac host and is distributed throughout the country. The germination of kusum seeds is very much erratic. To through light on this erratic behavior, three experiments were conducted in Randomized Block Design on different aspects of seed germination and viability during 2014-18. It was found that higher seed viability test weight (61 g) and healthy seeds with lesser discolored/ infected seed per cent (40.1) were found in the year having higher rainfall (i.e. 2014 receiving 844 mm rainfall) during the growth and development period of fruits. Thus 104 mm higher rainfall could increase test weight 36 per cent and produce 47 per cent lesser infected seeds. Diurnal variation in temperature impacted quality seed production. Experimental findings also suggested that when seed weight was more than 700 mg, it performed better with higher germination per cent (13 and 46 per cent, respectively). Experimentation also suggested that better quality of Kusum seeds can be obtained from trees having higher ranges of tree exposure to sunshine (40-90 per cent), higher branch length (2.9-6.1 m) and several consecutive unpruned seasons (3.6-8.8)
Performance of coriander under organic and chemical nutrient management practice
Get PDFCoriander is one of the most important spice and fresh leaf vegetable which are used widely across the globe. Organic cultivation of this crop has wide scope as it is short duration and reduces the wastage of fertilizers as well as qualitative production. A field experiment was conducted at School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, RTU Bangalore in order to know the effective application rate of compost for economic production in comparison to chemical fertilizer. The research data reveals that, application of compost at 10t/ha produced significantly superior growth, yield parameters and herbage yield compared to control. But it was on par with RDF treatment. Thus application of compost at10t/ha might be an effective nutritional input in organic cultivation of coriander.  
Study on genetic divergence in various genotypes of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.].
Get PDFThe results of the analysis of variance indicated that substantial genetic variability was present for yielding contributing characters. The intra-cluster distance was recorded as the highest for cluster 3 (49.75) which indicates the existence of maximum variability within this cluster. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters 5 and 6 (94.81) which indicates that the genotypes included in these clusters are genetically diverse. So, it is desirable to select accessions from the clusters having high inter-cluster distance in the recombination breeding programs. The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster 1 and cluster 5 (50.92), indicating the close relationship among the genotypes included in these clusters. Based on yield and yield contributing characters, the genotypes viz., VRW-14, VRW-12, VRW- 20 and VRW-17 were found promising for the future improvement programme
Genetic variability and correlation studies in various genotypes of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.]
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine genetic variability and correlation involving 21 watermelon genotypes in a randomized block design with three replications. A considerable amount of variability was observed for qualitative and quantitative traits. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic variability was recorded for the seediness, followed by pericarp thickness and fruit weight. Most of the characters except cotyledon size, leaf blade ratio, emergence of first male flower, emergence of first female flower, days taken to fruit maturity, blooming period and seed length exhibited high estimates of heritability coupled with the high estimates of genetic advance. Number of fruits per vine had significant genotypic and phenotypic positive correlation with the traits leaf blade length, internodal length, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches. Based on yield and yield contributing characters, the genotypes viz., VRW-14, VRW-12, VRW- 20 and VRW-17 were found promising for future improvement programme
Survey of insect-pests of citrus crop in Eritrea
Get PDFCitrus is the main fruit crop in Eritrea with the main citrus species being orange, lemon and mandarin that are produced in 2064, 328 and 17 ha, respectively. The production and productivity of these fruit crops are affected by several pests. Citrus pest survey was conducted in major citrus growing regions of the country with the objectives to assess the type of citrus insect-pests in the different areas, study the natural enemies of the citrus pests and assess the nature of pest damage on the fruit crop. Pest assessments and counts by species were done using hand lenses under field condition and microscope in laboratory. The result of the study showed that citrus is affected by 21 different species of arthropods out of which 19 are insect species and the remaining 2 species are Acarina (mites). The insect pests cause citrus tree damage at different stage and on different parts of the tree such as leaves, stem, fruit and root. Of the 21 species, six are major pest and the remaining 15 species are minor pests. The six important pests are leaf miner, red scale, black scale, fruit fly, whitefly and red spider mites. Leaf miner, fruit fly and red spider mites were observed in all citrus production areas while the remaining three species were recorded in limited areas. Black and red scales incidence and severity were high in Hamelmalo, Elabered, Alla, and Durfo. Fruit fly is the main pest of citrus throughout the fruit producing areas of the country, threatening its production and cause 20-40 percent fruit dropping and rotting
Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on phenology, growth and yield of bed planted wheat under varying irrigation levels in semi-arid conditions
Get PDFA field study was conducted in a semi-arid climate to assess the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on timely sown bed planted wheat under varying irrigation levels. The soil of the field was sandy loam, having 0.36% organic carbon and pH 8.2. It was low in available N (132 kg/ha), medium in available P (11.6 kg/ha) and rich in available K (325 kg/ha). The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations of four levels of irrigation (Two, three, four and five irrigations) in main plots and four fertilizer levels (80, 90, 100 and 110% of recommended N and P i.e., 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5/ha) in sub-plots, laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Application of five irrigations recorded a significant increase in plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, grain (5022kg/ha) and straw yield (8578 kg/ha) and net returns over two, three and four irrigations. The increased doses of NP significantly increased the growth parameters, grain and straw yield and net returns up to 110% recommended dose of NP
Momordica balsamina L.: An unexploited vegetable crop rich in medicinal and nutritional properties
Get PDFAfrican pumpkin (Momordica balsamina L.) is a tendrilled, wild-type vine plant with a wide range of therapeutic and nutritional properties that has been used as a conventional medicament in many countries. Alkaloids, resins, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenes are found in the plant\u27s fruits, seeds, leaves and bark, and they have varied medicinal properties viz., anti-bacterial, anti-diarrheal, anti-plasmodial, anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activities. \u27Momordin,\u27 a therapeutic agent, can stop HIV and other viruses from multiplying. The leaves are also a good source of nutrients because they contain 17 amino acids and minerals like potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese, and iron. It also aids in the fight against soil micronutrient deficiencies and high protein and fat content with low fibre content. High potassium content is an excellent source for controlling hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. This plant may be a protein supplement for poor rural people\u27s cereal-based diets. The medicinal and nutritional value of this wild herb for health care management is discussed in this review
Impact through a front-line demonstration on yield and economics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in arid Kachchh of Gujarat
No full textIt is customary in India to offer fennel seeds after a meal and eating fennel seeds after a meal is considered a healthy practice, primarily because of its ability to keep the digestive system healthy. Seed spices played an important role in the Indian economy under agricultural commodities for a long time. Front frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on Fennel were organized by ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kukma, Bhuj in different villages of Anjar and Bhuj Talukas of Kachchh from 2019-20 to 2021-22. The high-yielding variety Gujarat Fennel-12 was evaluated at the farmer’s field under the front line demonstration programme (FLDs). A total of 60 demonstrations were conducted in 24 ha area at farmer’s fields against farmer’s practice in arid Kachchh of Gujarat. The average seed yield under improved practice was 2160 kg ha–1 compared to the farmer’s practice (1770 kg ha–1) and increased significantly by 22.08% on average over the farmer’s practice output. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 390.00 kg ha-1, 240.00 kg ha-1 and 10.00%, respectively. Through adopting improved practices, farmers get additional average returns of Rs.22562 ha-1. During this period the extension activities like farmer’s training, distribution of literature, diagnostic visits etc. were taken to provide instant benefit to the farmers. Frontline demonstrations programme created greater awareness, attitude and skill to adopt improved practices of Fennel and therefore, increased their production and economics