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एग्रीकल्चर को कमर्शियल एग्रीकल्चर बनाए किसान
Get PDFएग्रीकल्चर भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था का एक मुख्य स्तम्भ है जिसने देश के 60 प्रतिशत लोगो को रोजगार दिया है व देश के सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में इसकी 17 प्रतिशत भागीदारी है। भारत में कृषि का प्रारम्भ उत्तरपश्चिमीय प्रान्त में 9000 ईसा पूर्व वर्षारोपण, घरेलू स्तर पर फसलों को उगाने व जानवरों के रख रखाव से शुरू हुआ था। धीरे-धीरे आवशयकतानुसार इसमें कई बदलाव आते गए जैसे की सिंचाई के स्त्रोतों को तलाशा गया क्योंकि कृषि मौसम पर आधारित होती है और फसल को सूखे से बचाने के लिए सिंचाई की आवशयकता होती है अतः धीरे-धीरे आवशयकतानुसार कृषि से जुड़ी विभिन्न जरुरतों पर भी ध्यान केन्द्रित किया गया। पुरातन समय मे लोग मुख्यतः अपने जीवनयापन के लिए ही खेतीबाड़ी किया करते थे। उस समय कोई वस्तु खरीदने के लिए वस्तु विनिमय प्रणाली (बारटर सिस्टम) का प्रचलन था। यह वह प्रणाली होती थी जब किसी एक वस्तु के बदले दूसरी वस्तु को लिया या दिया जाता था। इस समय रुपये-पैसे का इस्तेमाल नही किया जाता था। अतः इसलिए मनुष्य ने कभी कमर्शियल एग्रीकल्चर अपनाने को नही सोचा परन्तु आज के समय में जीवनयापन हेतु रुपये-पैसे की आवश्यकता होती है। अतः हमारे किसानों को एग्रीकल्चर को कमर्शियल एग्रीकल्चर के रुप में अपनाने की जरुरत है
Polyploid rootstocks in citrus for mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses: A review
Get PDFCitrus is growing commercially worldwide for its nutritious value and economical aspects. By 2030, citrus fruit demand will be more around 50 percent as human diet. However, the environmental stresses are badly affected citrus production and productivity as well as fruit quality. These factors are reduced citrus production by 30-60 per cent in traditional citrus growing area in the world due to the lack of suitable rootstocks. The polyploidy rootstocks can play pivotal role to mitigate the environmental impacts and sustainability in citriculture for vigor and fruit quality. Polyploid citrus rootstocks have great importance in crop improvement programmes due to their attributes to the higher vigor, dwarfism, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses when compared to their diploid counterparts. They exhibit deep and thick root system with less number of secondary roots, more ABA synthesis, leathery and thick leaves, bigger sized stomata with less density, high antioxidant system etc. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to elucidate and discuss the importance of polyploidy rootstocks developed so far for various horticultural traits in citrus
Assessment of best performing genotypes of Ailanthus excelsa under arid climatic conditions
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to screen 19 genotypes of Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.) and to identify the best performing genotypes under arid ecosystem of Haryana, India. Among the genotypes, ‘S-9’ and ‘S-18’ performed consistently with higher growth and carbon sequester as compared to other genotypes. The maximum plant height and girth at breast height was 9.91m and 65cm respectively, in ‘S-9’ after 8 years of planting, which was at par with 04 genotypes (‘S-4, S-6, S-11 and S-18’) over other selections. At 4 and 8 year after planting of A. excelsa, ‘S-9’ produced the highest biomass production i.e., 0.66 tones per tree over all the genotypes. The maximum mean values of dry matter accumulation/ plant were 0.52 tones/ tree recorded after 8 year of planting in S-9 genotypes. Similar results for CO2 equivalent, which was significantly higher in S-9 i.e., 0.96 tonnes per tree after 8 years of planting over other genotypes of A. excelsa. The overall results revealed that the genotypes ‘S- 9’ and ‘S- 18’ were identified as the best genotypes for multiplication in the field to increase the biomass production and CO2 equivalent for the arid regions
Bio-efficacy of ground plant powders on the population of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in stored green gram
Get PDFTribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the major insect pests of stored grains. Experiment was conducted for studying the efficiency of ground plant materials for management of T. castaneum in stored green gram and effect of plant powders on seed germination in laboratory of Department of Entomology, CoA, CAU, Imphal during the period 2021-2022. Studies on effect of plant powders on management of T. castaneum revealed that Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed shows maximum mean adult mortality of 100.00 per cent and Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed shows lowest mean adult mortality of 33.33 per cent. Highest seed damage was recorded in Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed (8.00 per cent) and least was in Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed (1.67 per cent). Maximum adult emergence was noted in treatment of Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed (8.00 per cent) and lowest was in China berry @ 1.5g/kg seed (1.33 per cent). Evaluation of germination percentage reveals that minimum germination percentage was recorded in Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed (91.33 per cent) and maximum was in Indian wormwood @ 1.5g/kg seed (98.67 per cent) but none of the treatment recorded the percentage below the prescribed germination percentage of green gram. Plant powders offers efficient control of red flour beetle and these are available locally and did not show any adverse on the environment and hence can be recommended as alternatives to the chemical insecticides
Nutritional survey of kinnow orchards soil series at Rawatsar and Fatehgarh of Hanumangarh district of arid Rajasthan
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate the fertility status of kinnow orchards at Rawatsar and Fatehgarh soil series of Hanumangarh district in irrigated area of arid Rajasthan. All kinnow orchards soils were found saline in nature, EC2 of all the orchard soil samples was normal. The calcium carbonate content in soils showed increasing trend with depth, low in organic carbon and available N, low to medium in available P2 O5, medium to high in available K2O content, majority of samples were found high in available Fe, available Mn and low to sufficient in available Cu and low in available Zn content. Leaf N content were found low in kinnow orchards, majority of leaf samples found medium to optimum in leaf P, Fe, and Mn content, whereas leaf K content and Zn content were found low to medium in kinnow orchards. The leaves Cu content were found optimum range in kinnow orchards. Fruit juice N, Fe and Mn content were found low to optimum, whereas fruit juice P, K and Cu content were found optimum and Zn content low at Rawatsar and Fatehgarh soil series of Hanumangarh district
Seasonal incidence and biology of Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Guava
Get PDFStudies on seasonal incidenceof castor capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in guava crop were carried out under field conditions at horticultural research farm,Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The results revealed that the pest was found to infest both the rainy as well as winter season guava crop. During rainy season, peak infestation (16%) of C. punctiferalis on guava was recorded in 3rd& 5th week of August in picked fruits while in dropped fruits, peak infestation (11.63%) was recorded in 3rd week of August. During winter season, peak infestation (8%) of C. punctiferalis on guava was recorded in 2nd week of December and March in picked fruits while in dropped fruits, peak infestation (11.11%) was recorded in 2nd week of March. The life cycle of C. punctiferalis was completed in 34-46 days and the pest completed multiple generations in a year
Studies on genotypic and phenotypic variability in mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Get PDFThirty mango genotypes were studied to find out their variability, heritability, and genetic advance. Significant variations were observed in 46 characters. There were also considerable differences between the genotypic and the phenotypic coefficients of variation for almost all the characters which indicated the influence of environment on the expression of these traits. Among the studied characters, GCV and PCV were high for 40 characters. All the characters showed considerably high heritability except leaf width which ranged from 21.32 to 99.85 % and the genetic advance (as % of mean) was high for 44traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in 44 traits except leafwidth and chlorophyll content which indicated that these characters were less influenced by environment confirming predominance of additive gene action and therefore, selection in favour of these 44 characters would be feasible for yield improvement of mango