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Occurrence of pentatomid bug, Degonetus serratus (Distance) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) feeding on teak in Gujarat
Get PDFPentatomidae are usually considered as minor and occasional pests feed on large number of cultivated crops as well as wild plants. During field visit, pentatomid bug, Degonetus serratus (Distance) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) was observed on teak plants in forest areas of Tapi district. The infestation was found sporadic along the river side teak plantation. This paper presents the first report of the occurrence of D. serratus and its sporadic infestation on teak which hitherto was not reported on teak from Gujarat
Diversity, abundance and foraging behaviour of pollinators in early sown rapeseed-mustard genotypes
Get PDFA study was carried out on the diversity, abundance and foraging behaviour of pollinators in early sown rapeseed-mustard genotypes through observing a total of 17 insect species visited flowers of early sown genotypes viz., 9 Hymenopterans, 3 Dipterans, 4 Lepidopterans, and 1 Coleopteran. The abundance (bees/m2/5 min) of A. florea was highest (8.5) followed by A. mellifera (3.9), A. dorsata (3.6) and A. cerana (3.1). The abundance of bee species was maximum (5.6 bees/m2/5 min) in genotypes TH 68 and SANGAM. A. cerana foraged a maximum number of flowers per minute (18.20) followed by A. dorsata (17.57), A. mellifera (17.32) and A. florea (6.45). The foraging rate (flowers/min) of all bee species was maximum (14.98 and 14.90) in genotypes TH 68 and SANGAM. Time spent per flower (sec) was maximum (5.3) by A. florea followed by A. dorsata (1.7), A. mellifera (1.6) and A. cerana indica (1.3). The maximum time spent per flower by all bee species (2.6) was in genotype PDZ 9. Nectar or pollen gatherers were maximum in A. dorsata (37.8% and 25.6%, respectively), while both nectar and pollen gatherers were maximum in A. cerana (45.3%). Nectar foraging, pollen foraging and both nectar and pollen foraging were maximum at peak flowering (36.0%), peak flowering (23.8%) and flowering cessation (42.9%), respectively. Out of the total foragers, top workers were maximum in A. dorsata (97.8%), while side workers were maximum in A. florea (41.0%)
Identification and characterization of CAT1 gene during drought stress in moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]
Get PDFMoth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] is a drought hardy orphan pulse crop. However, the information related to the identification and characterization of drought stress tolerance genes is very limited. Therefore, the present investigation was formulated to identified and characterized drought tolerant gene(s) from moth bean. Five genes were selected from available expression studies of moth bean and their expression pattern was assessed during time course experiment of drought stress in moth bean. During the time course experiment of drought stress in moth bean, the catalase1 (CAT1) gene was exponentially expressed in up-regulated manner. Thus, CAT1 gene of moth bean was identified as potential candidate gene and validated through Sanger’s sequencing. The genomic sequence CAT1 gene was named as VacoCAT1 and was further characterized using various bioinformatics tools. The VacoCAT1 showed an ORF with incomplete length of 213 bp which encoded 71 amino acids. The coding sequence of VacoCAT1 gene was shown a single exon due to incomplete nature of genomic sequences. The multiple sequence alignment of VacoCAT1 revealed the highly conserved region at 3’ site of the gene as compared to CAT1 gene of other crop species including legumes. The phylogenetic analysis of VacoCAT1 and CAT1 gene of other crop species including legumes revealed three clusters. The cluster VacoCAT1 gene showed close proximity with V. radiata CAT1 in cluster one of phylogenetic tree. The identified and characterized VacoCAT1 gene can be utilized as a genomic resource for enhance drought tolerance in susceptible pulses as well as other crops
Induction of induced systemic resistance in capsicum chilli against Colletotrichum truncatum through fungal biocontrol agents
Get PDFTo induce the systemic resistance in capsicum against Colletotrichum truncatum an experiment was conducted with two biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum in pot culture. The induced resistance was monitored by increase in activities of five defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the accumulation of phenols and β -1,3-glucanase were also noticed in capsicum upon challenge inoculation with C. truncatum, the causal agent for anthracnose or fruit rot in capsicum. The activities of defense enzymes reached a peak at eight days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoforms of PO and PPO were observed in biocontrol agents treated seedlings due to induced systemic resistance (ISR) introduction. Prior treatment of capsicum seedlings with biocontrol agents triggered the plant defense mechanism in response to infection by C. capsici. Hence, it is speculated that among the various direct antagonistic tools, ISR is also the one indirect tool by which the tested biocontrol agents afforded resistance to capsicum against the pathogen
Assess the effect of natural ageing and storage containers on seed quality of tomato seeds
No full textThe present study entitled "Seed quality assessment in the naturally aged seed of tomato was conducted during rabi 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The freshly stored seed was observed to be highest in seed quality parameters i.e., germination per cent, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices as compared to when seeds were stored in different containers during 18 months storage period. As the storage period increase, the seed quality parameter goes on decreasing. Among the containers, 18-month seeds stored in a polythene bag (> 700 gauge) recorded significantly higher seed germination (60.67%), seedling length (8.77cm), seedling dry weight (11.42 mg), vigour index -I (532) and seed vigour index-II (793) as compared to a cloth bag. Standard germination percentage was maintained up to 15 months of storage in a polythene bag. In both containers, polythene bags performed better than cloth bags throughout the storage period
Natural farming: Is it safe to march ahead?
Get PDFDue to the increasing global population, advancement in farming techniques to meet the global food demand is the need of the hour. Conventional farming techniques have increased the yield over the past few decades, but those techniques also have adverse effects on natural resources. In this scenario, many other alternatives have emerged as a solution, natural farming being one among them. The presented article delivers crucial information regarding the targeted farming technique i.e., natural farming. Multiple scientifically-proven natural techniques and ecological approaches are discussed for different aspects of farming. In addition, criticisms related to Natural Farming are illustrated along with a basic introduction to zero budget natural farming (ZBNF). Furthermore, the article describes multiple proven technologies for weed, pest and disease management approaches through natural practices. Lastly, the article gives recommendations on implementing and introducing natural farming to the farming community
Population dynamics of major sucking insect pests on chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Get PDFStudies on population dynamics of major sucking insect pests revealed that the incidence of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and leafhopper, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla (Ishida) along with ladybird beetle, Coccinella septemtheirpunctata observed to appear on the chilli crop soon after transplanting. Incidence of thrips commenced in 19th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) and attained its peak on 25th SMW (18.83 thrips /3 leaves /plant) while an infestation of whitefly was initiated in 20th SMW then it increased gradually and reached its peak on 25th SMW (21.20 whitefly/3 leaves /plant). The peak population of leafhoppers was recorded in 26th SMW (10.4 leafhopper /3 leaves /plant). In case of ladybird beetle, the population ranged from 0.20 to 0.93 per plant and was on the entire crop growth period (18th-37th SMW). Thrips and whitefly exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, a negative non-significant correlation with evening relative humidity, and a non-significant correlation with wind speed, sunshine hours, and pan evaporation while a negative non-significant correlation with rainfall. Leafhopper population showed highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, non-significant negative correlation with maximum temperature, non-significant positive correlation with morning and evening relative humidity, sunshine hours, and rainfall while the negative non-significant correlation with wind speed and pan evaporation. Whereas, the ladybird beetle exhibited a positive non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours and a negative non-significant correlation with minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity, pan evaporation, and rainfall
Diversity and abundance of insect visitors/pollinators on different genotypes of Brassica spp.
Get PDFStudies on diversity and abundance of insect pollinators on different cultivar of Brassica spp. were carried out and found eighteen bee species belonging to twelve families of five different orders were recorded visiting on the flowers of rapeseed-mustard genotypes. Order Hymenoptera contributed maximum diversity of pollinators followed by Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Among hymenopterans, honey bees, Apis cerana F., Apis mellifera L., Apis florea F. and Apis dorsata F. were the most frequent visitors and in genotypes TH 68 and HNS 0901 experienced highest diversity. A. mellifera was most abundant during different day hours (1000. 1200. 1400 and 1600 h) among different Apis spp. on all genotypes. A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea population was found maximum in variety TH 68 whereas A. dorsata was most abundant on BSH-1 and HC-212. The mean densities of A. mellifera was maximum followed by A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea. A. florea was most abundant on variety TH 68 and genotype HC-212 (9.93 and 9.07 bees/m2/10 min respectively)
Response of seed endophytic bacteria for the management of chickpea wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris
Get PDFVascular wilts are devastating plant diseases that can affect both annual crops as well as woody perennials, hence inducing major food losses and damaging valuable natural ecosystems. Because of ecological and economic reasons, the management of vascular wilt diseases by conventional chemical methods is raising concerns. More environmentally friendly alternatives such as the use of microbial antagonist to control phytopathogens are now of growing interest. The fact that bacterial endophytes are able to colonize an ecological niche similar to that of vascular wilt pathogens favours them as potential biocontrol agents against wilt diseases. Several possible disease suppression mechanisms of beneficial bacteria were proposed, among them induction of systemic resistance, growth promotion and competition. In this view, we studied out the seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) for the management of chickpea wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Among the treatment of seed entophytic bacterial isolate in SEB-5 was found highest germination percent (92% in JG 11), minimum mortality percent at pre and post–emergence (7.69 and 9.53% in JG 11 and JG 16, respectively). The minimum total mortality percent 17.82 % was found in JG 11 of SEB-5. The other seed entophytic bacterial isolate were found statistically at par with SEB-5. The minimum germination percent (78.5% in JG 62) as well as highest total mortality percent approximate 58% in JG 11 was found in T6 (treated control). Similarly, all the treatments of seed entophytic bacterial had higher root length and shoot length as compared to T6. Among the treatments the SEB-5 was found significantly highest by 23 cm in root length and 48 cm in shoot length as well as highest vigour index (6613) over the T6 in JG 11 variety. Among the varieties grown the JG 11 was perfumed better and found resistant and JG 62 was found susceptible to wilt. The treatment of seed endophytic bacterial isolate SEB-5, SEB-3, SEB-2, SEB-1 and SEB-4 was identified against wilt pathogen in reduce disease incidence, plant mortality and severity as well as promoting plant growth and health