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Effect of nano nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and quality of ber, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam
No full textAn experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Raj.) to find out the effects of nano nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of ber using Factorial Randomized Block Design with 5 replications from October 2021 to March 2022. The result showed that the maximum rise (6.45 %) in plant height (79.17 cm), number of primary branches (14.72), secondary branches (22.09), chlorophyll contents (55.34 SPAD value), fruit volume (20.63cm3), specific gravity (0.95), fruit length at harvest (3.42 cm), fruit diameter at harvest (3.16 cm), pulp thickness (12.56 mm), pulp weight (15.79 g), pulp: stone ratio (19.20), fruit setting (6.92 %), average fruit weight (18.00 g), yield/ tree (64.57 kg), ascorbic acid (65.75 mg/100g pulp), total soluble solid (15.77°Brix), total sugar (9.20 %), reducing sugar (4.83 %), non-reducing sugar (4.37 %), fruit pH (5.50) whereas minimum stone weight (0.82 g) and fruit drop (49.38 %) was recorded with the application of nano nitrogen @ 2 ml/ litter water + nano phosphorus @ 2 ml/ litter water spray over the control
Productivity of mungbean (Vigna radiata) as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer
No full textA Field experiment was conducted at the agriculture faculty of Kunduz University farm during the summer season of 2023 to study the effect of genotypes and phosphorus levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of mungbean. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two genotypes of mugbean viz watani and Zirati, four phosphorus levels viz control (no fertilizer), 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 with three replications The experimental findings indicated that the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield viz. plant height (63.50cm), days to 50% flowering stage (36.50 days), days to maturity (76.5), LAI at harvest (1.61), dry matter (111.83gr/plant), branches/plant(10.33), pod length (6.73cm), pods/plant (16.66), seeds/pod (7.66),100 seed weight (32.5gr), seed yield (1227.83 kg/ha), stover yield (1,977.50 kg/ha) and biological yield (3,205.33kg/ha) were enhanced due to watani genotypes along with application of 60 kg P2O5ha-1, whereas the minimum growth parameters, yield attributes and yield was obtained in the plots Zirati genotypes with no phosphorus application
Economic benefits of animal pollination to Punjab agriculture
No full textIndian Punjab is gradually becoming the promised land of diversified farming with beekeeping as an important component, as farmers are looking for ways to get out of the paddy-wheat cycle. With this consideration, the present study estimated that the contribution of animal pollinators toward state agriculture. The economic value due to pollination service (EVP) was Rs 1391.2 crores forming about a 2 per cent share in the EV of output from state agriculture. Among the entomophilous crops, the insect pollination was essential for 2; great for 3; modest for 4 and of little importance to another 4 crops. About 42 per cent of the non-animal pollination-dependent crops accounted for a major share in the EV i.e. 97.87 per cent of the total agriculture output of the state. The share of cereals was the highest in the EV i.e. 86.79 per cent followed by vegetables (5.50%), fruits (5.32%), cotton (1.69%), sugarcane (0.35%), oilseeds (0.32%) and gram (0.01%) while based on dependence rate, the EVP was the highest in fruits (49.78%) followed by vegetables (21.49%), cotton (19.85%) and oilseeds (8.88%) and there existed no EVP for cereals and sugarcane and gram. The crops having great dependence on pollination contributed the maximum (Rs 741.13 crore) i.e. about 53 per cent to the EVP and about 1 per cent to the EV in the state agriculture. There is a strong need to realize the potential of this segment and formulate crop and commodity-specific strategies for optimum utilization of animal pollination inputs followed by crop diversification to high-value commodities. Punjab agriculture faces challenges on the production front and increased production cost needs such as “micro concepts” with “macro-economic” impacts
Decoding agricultural needs: An in-depth analysis of farmer queries in Punjab\u27s Kisan call center
No full textAdopting a demand-driven approach in a rapidly changing agricultural sector is crucial for extension services to remain relevant and impactful in India. In this direction, the article presents a comprehensive analysis of over two million farmer query calls made to the Kisan Call Center in Punjab, India, from January 2009 to August 2023. These preprocessed call logs are a vital link between farmers and agricultural support services, providing valuable insights into the agricultural community\u27s challenges and requirements. Our analysis commences by examining temporal trends in farmer query calls, offering year-wise statistics that unveil the evolution of call volumes over time. Furthermore, we delve into the dataset to provide month-wise insights, shedding light on the seasonality of these queries. By identifying peak months of call activity, we can pinpoint critical periods when farmers require assistance the most. Furthermore, district-wise analysis aids in mapping the geographical distribution of these calls, enabling policymakers and agricultural authorities to target specific regions with tailored interventions. Our breakdown by crop category and query type also provides a granular perspective on farmers\u27 concerns. By categorising calls based on the crops and query types, we gain valuable insights into the distinct challenges faced by Punjab\u27s farmers. This information can guide the development of agricultural policies, extension services, and support programs tailored to address the unique needs of different crop categories and query types. Ultimately, this study underscores the significance of harnessing data-driven insights to enhance agricultural support systems, ensuring India\u27s farming community\u27s long-term sustainability and prosperity
Physiological studies on Alternaria porri caused purple blotch of onion under In-vitro conditions
No full textThe effect of nutrient media, temperature, pH level, carbon and nitrogen ion concentration were studied on mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria porri caused purple blotch of onion. The investigations revealed that Potato dextrose agar was the best culture medium for A. porri. The maximum mycelial growth of A. porri was recorded on 30°C temperature (85.74 mm) and pH 7.0 (83.40 mm). A. porri grew significantly better response to the source of carbon nutrient media on mycelial growth and observed the maximum mycelial growth on maltose (88.26 mm) based medium with highest sporulation and potassium nitrate-based media source of nitrogen gave maximum mycelial growth (80.75 mm) and sporulation of A. porri. The present findings are useful for the preparation of inoculums required for resistance breeding and fungicidal evaluation against pathogen A. porri
Effect of different organic sources and mulching on growth, yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Get PDFTen treatment combinations comprising five different organic sources viz., Vermicompost, FYM, NADEP-compost, Bangalore-compost and No manure and two levels of mulching viz., mulch with wheat straw @ 2.5t/ha and no mulch were evaluated in randomized block design with factorial concept with four replications. An application of vermicompost recorded significantly higher plant height (13.72, 30.00 and 54.56 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively) and root length (12.52 cm) at 45 DAS, number of pods per plant (25.82), pod yield (2757 kg/ha), haulm yield (4615 kg/ha) shelling % (73.98%), protein content (24.85%) and oil content (51.68%). The effect of mulch on all the observations was found non-significant. All the interaction effects between organic sources and mulching on all the observations were found non-significant. For getting higher growth, yield and quality of kharif groundnut crop should be applied manures with 20 kg N/ha from vermicompost along with 250 kg PROM/ha
Plant-insect interaction in underutilized horticultural crops for sustainable production
Get PDFPlants and insects have been living together for more than 350 million years. In co-evolution, both have evolved strategies to avoid each other’s defense systems. This evolutionary arms race between plants and insects has resulted in the development of an elegant defense system in plants that can recognise the non-self-molecules or signals from damaged cells, much like animals. It activates the plant’s immune response against the herbivores. Differences in genotypes of plant characters may affect insect-plant herbivore interactions, and variations in genotype traits are responsible for modifying the bottom-up effects. Recent evidence shows that the simultaneous occurrence of abiotic and biotic stress can positively affect plant performance by reducing the susceptibility to biotic stress, a positive sign for pest management. Plant responses to these stresses are multifaceted and involve copious antibiosis, physiological, antixenotic, molecular, molecular and cellular adaptations. Plants with antibiosis characteristics such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, etc., may cause reduced insect survival, prolonged development time, decreased size and reduced new generation fitness. Quality and quantity of constitutive secondary metabolites production is species as well as cultivar specific and can be expressed as the signature of a particular plant or species and leads to the phenomenon of host-plant resistance. Hence, such plant resistance mechanisms have been effectively and widely used for managing insect pests in fields of underutilized crops. Natural defences are mediated through plant characteristics that affect insect biology, such as mechanical protection on the surface of the plants (e.g., hairs, trichomes, thorns, spines and thicker leaves) that either kill or retard the development of the herbivores. These phenomena of host plant resistance to insects can be exploited for the development of resistance crop cultivars which readily produce the inducible response upon mild infestation and can perform as one of the integrated pest management for sustainable crop production
Microbiological resources- an alternate approach for sustainable management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Get PDFFall Army Worm (Spodoptera frugiperda), with the traits of devastating, voracious, polyphagous nature had recently imposed a global threat. Possessing these traits, this pest constituted a threat to global food security by ambushing more than several host plant species. To tackle this pest, insecticide management approaches was used initially. Later, with a better comprehension of the dynamic biology of the pest, such as their long migration capability, their ability to develop resistance against insecticide and the adverse effects of pesticides on human and the environment, an alternative strategy which is environmentally safe i.e., biological control approaches that is effective and low-risk is laid emphasis. A rich diversity of microbial populations which have the ability to infect the pest to a certain degree in nature remains untapped, and if so, identification of high virulence and productive strains within the population is lacking hitherto. This review focused on the information regarding the scenario of the occurring pest and its damaging nature to the host plants and microbial agents with their surplus potentialities along with the mode of interactions with the insect pest and self-perpetuating nature and their boon of disarming nature. The details of each microbe viz., fungi, bacteria and viruses that possess the traits of controlling the pest naturally are briefed with an insight into molecular information, present findings, constraint and future prospects
