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The ocean carbon pool: a vital component of the global carbon cycle
No full textThe global carbon cycle is an integral part of the Earth System. Of the land, atmosphere, and ocean components of the global carbon cycle that exchange carbon on the timescales of decades to centuries, the ocean contains more than 90% of carbon. The ocean carbon pool represents a critical component of the Earth\u27s carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and influencing climate dynamics. The exponential increase of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the industrial era implies the ocean\u27s uptake has increased exponentially, reaching 2.5 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1 for 2009-2018. Without the ocean and land sinks, atmospheric CO2 levels would be close to 600 ppm. The ocean carbon pool comprises dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), organic carbon, and particulate organic matter, collectively responsible for the sequestration and release of carbon into the atmosphere. Phytoplankton, the microscopic marine plants, play a fundamental role in the oceanic carbon cycle by photosynthesizing and fixing atmospheric CO2 into organic matter. This organic matter can be transferred to the deep ocean through the biological pump, further contributing to the storage of carbon in the form of sinking particles. The bulk of the global ocean margin represents a carbon sink of ~0.1-0.2 Pg C. Oceanic processes, such as ocean circulation and upwelling, help redistribute carbon from surface waters to the deep ocean. The solubility pump, which is driven by changes in temperature and salinity, also affects the solubility of CO2 in seawater. These natural processes work to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and help regulate global temperatures
Seasonal incidence of stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) infesting black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in kharif
Get PDFA field experiment on the seasonal incidence of stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) infesting black gram was carried out in variety GU 1 (Gujarat Urd 1) during kharif 2017 and 2021 at Entomology farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand. Infestation of M. sojaewas observed from 1st WAS i.e., 34th SMW. Later on, infestation increased gradually and its highest infestation was observed during the 39th SMW i.e., 68.33 and 73.33% of kharif, 2017 and 2021, respectively. Stem fly infestation exhibited a highly significant positive association (r = 0.519** and 0.655**, respectively) with bright sunshine hours (BSS) and maximum temperature (MaxT), respectively. Abiotic factors viz., rainfall (RF) exhibited a significant negative association (-0.458*), while evaporation (EP) showed a significant positive association (0.466*)
Comparative studies of conventional, organic and natural farming types for their efficiency, and productivity in maize + red gram intercropping system
Get PDFThe field experiment on comparative studies of different farming methods for their efficiency and productivity in maize + redgram intercropping system was conducted at zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season. Among the different farming types, growth and yield parameters of maize viz. plant height (204.18 cm) number of leaves/ plant (17.20), cob length (15.94cm), straw yield (19.35 t/ ha) grain yield (81.36 q/ ha) and red gram Grain yield (4.36 q/ ha) and straw yield (11.19 q/ ha) were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments. Similar trend was observed with maize equivalent yield (95.50 q/ ha). On the other hand, highest dehydrogenase (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day) and urease (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs) enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively followed by natural farming treatment and least enzyme activity was noticed in farmers practice. Same trend was observed in acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. There was no much variation in physical properties i.e., bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity by the different treatments and also no significant difference occurs in the pH and EC, however higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment and it was followed with the farmer’s practice treatment. The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage)
Effect of different agricultural practices on yield, profitability and soil properties under maize (Zea mays) – barley (Hordeum vulgare) cropping system
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to quantify the effects of natural, organic, and integrated farming methods on yield, profit, and soil properties of maize (Zea mays) + soybean (Glycine max) – barley (Hordium vulgare) + vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) cropping system. The mean data of two years recorded 54% and 62% higher maize yield and net profit with applied NPK+FYM. Such increase in yield and net profit of barley was 48% and 47%. Soil properties showed a significant improvement due to applied NPK+FYM over FP and observed an increase of 23%, 14%, 8%, 30% and 16% for soil OC, MBC, available N, P and K, respectively. The availability of micronutrients in soil was maximum under organic and SPNF practice than other treatments. The study also revealed that SPNF practice was statistically at par with FP but these were found inferior to rest of the practices suggesting that natural and organic farming need to be practice for a longer period for better yield, profit, and soil environment
