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Spatial and temporal distribution of donkey and mule population in India
Get PDFThe donkeys and mules are members of the Equidae family. Spiti, Halari and Kachchhi are registered breeds of donkeys in India. They are well acclimatized to the different agro-climatic conditions to which they belong. Donkeys and mules constitute about 37% of the total Indian equine population and play multifarious roles in human life, especially for the poorest of the poor section of society. They are mainly reared by underprivileged and weaker communities of the society and used for various purposes like transportation of goods, farm produces, pack animals at brick kilns, transportation of garbage, building materials and by nomadic pastoralists etc. The severe decreasing trend observed in Livestock Census elicited us to understand the present status of donkeys and mules. The total donkey and mule populations decreased by 61.23% and 57.10%, respectively in 2019 over the last census. This can be due to their decreased working utility, as alternate economic sources of mechanization are available. Further, motorized vehicles are replacing donkeys and mules in plains and hilly regions where there is a road network. Presently, donkeys and mules are more in rural area than urban area of the country, indicating their utility still exists among rural masses and rural transport depends on these equids. The density of mules is high in the hilly states of India, indicating their utility in difficult hilly terrains
Heterosis and Combining ability analysis in F1 hybrids of bread wheat
Get PDFBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most auspicious cereal food crop with regard to production, consumption, nutritional value, storage space, quality, adaptability and transportation. The all 15 F1 cross combinations and their parents were planted in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Out of 15 cross combinations, only 10 show significant heterobeltiosis for early maturity over the standard check-in desirable direction. Five cross combinations PBW 343 x PBW 65, RAJ 2184 x PBW 65, PBW 343 x RAJ 2184, CPAN 3004 x RAJ 2184, HD 1981 x PBW 154 show significant positive heterobeltiosis whereas two cross combinations HD 1981 x PBW 154 and PBW 343 x PBW 65 show significant positive heterosis over commercial check for seed yield. The GCA (General combining ability) effects of the parent PBW343 showed significant positive effect for most of all the traits followed by CPAN3004, PBW154 and PBW65. Out of fifteen, two cross crosses, namely PBW 343 x PBW 65 and CPAN 3004 x RAJ 2184 showed a significant positive SCA (specific combining ability) effect for grain yield
Zero budget natural farming practices on yield of crops (Maize + soybean and Pea + coriander) in mid hill of Sikkim Himalayas
Get PDFNatural Farming (NF) is an alternative low-input, climate-resilient farming practice that have emerged to reduce input costs and higher yields for farmers from locally available inputs by eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers and improving soil fertility. In this article, it was physico-chemically characterized the different formulations (jeevamrit, ghanjeevamrit and beejamrit) for different parameters and found that it varies at different interval days. This present article mainly focused on the different cropping system of the natural farming and also evaluating the economics of the returns with the conventional farming system. Therefore, the cropping system practiced are Maize and soybean during kharif season followed by vegetable pea and coriander during the rabi season. Result for the different natural farming practices in soybean + maize intercropping revealed that the maximum sole yield was recorded under AI-NPOF packages with 26.1 q/ha followed by complete natural farming with 21.4 q/ha whereas other treatments remained non-significant. In intercropping, the yield was found to be maximum under complete natural farming with (35.9 q/ha). The system BC ratio was highest under AI-NPOF Packages (1.82) followed by complete natural farming (1.20). In the pea-coriander system, the higher sole yield was recorded under AI-NPOF package with (70 q/ha) followed by complete NF (61.4 q/ha). The intercropping yield and vegetable pea equivalent were highest under complete NF. The result indicated that in natural farming, the vegetable-based cropping system was profitable in comparison to the maize based in terms of the net returns
Assessing the mercury removal efficiency of natural adsorbents from wastewater
Get PDFOrganic waste materials viz., coir pith, rice husk, and water hyacinth were studied in the batch experiments to evaluate their potential for mercury removal from wastewater. Five pH (4,5,6,7,8) and five different contact times (1,2,4,6,8 hours) were studied with a constant mercury concentration of 0.1 ppm. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used for characterizing the biochars i.e., rice husk biochar (RHBC), coir pith biochar (CPBC) and water hyacinth biochar (WHBC), used for the experiment before and after adsorption studies. Adsorption capacities of each different biochar used for the experiment varied due to their wide range of surface area as well as different shift patterns in the FTIR. Based on the experimental results, among the three adsorbents used for mercury removal from wastewater, coirpith biochar (CPBC) has a maximum removal efficiency of 46.2% followed by rice husk biochar (RHBC–44.8%) and water hyacinth biochar (45.6%) with 6 hours of contact time
Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on growth, and yield of black-eyed bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
No full textThe combination of nitrogen and phosphorous plays a vital role in increasing the productivity of black-eyed bean. Therefore, a study was carried out at the Research Farm of Afghanistan National Agriculture Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan during the spring of 2020 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) doses on the growth, yield and economics of black-eyed bean (Vigna unguiculata L.). The treatment consists of four levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1) in main plots and four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) in a sub-plot laid out in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. The plant height, LAI and dry matter accumulation in blacked-eye bean was significantly affected by N and P doses. The grain yield, biological yield and net return of black-eyed bean were significantly higher with the application of 30 kg N ha-1 in combination with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in the sandy clay loam soil of Kandahar, Afghanistan
Phenotypic diversity of date-palm genotypes (Phoenix dactylifera L.) collected from Mundra of Kutch region
Get PDFA wide range of variability with regard to fruit and pulp characters and taste was observed in date groves in Kutch region of Gujarat (India), which have been developed naturally from seeds. An exploration was undertaken to identify better genotypes of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) based on their fruit quality and yield-attributing characteristics. A total of 14 fruit samples were collected and data were analysed for fruit characters. Among the different genotypes MDR2 was identified and marked superior with respect to fruiting characteristics like fruit weight (29.86 g), fruit length (53.12 mm) and quality characteristics (TSS 35.17 ºB). In India, the coastal strip of the Kutch region contains the only remaining natural date palm groves, which should be utilised and maintained to be used in future genetic improvement programmes
Efficacy of organic inputs on nutrient management and cost-benefit ratio on pulse crops in organic farming
Get PDFThe wide range of external solid organic sources of nutrients viz., FYM, vermicompost, goat manure, etc., are available, out of them, FYM & vermicompost are found to good in terms of yield and quality of the different pulse crops. Several options are available for liquid manures, among them higher yield, quality and cost-benefit ratio of the produce reported with the application of Panchagavya and jeevamrut. Crop residue mulching with organic manures was also found effective. Integrated application of organic and natural inputs as solid and liquid manures gave better results than sole application