213 research outputs found
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Performance of coriander under organic and chemical nutrient management practice
No full textCoriander is one of the most important spice and fresh leaf vegetable which are used widely across the globe. Organic cultivation of this crop has wide scope as it is short duration and reduces the wastage of fertilizers as well as qualitative production. A field experiment was conducted at School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, RTU Bangalore in order to know the effective application rate of compost for economic production in comparison to chemical fertilizer. The research data reveals that, application of compost at 10t/ha produced significantly superior growth, yield parameters and herbage yield compared to control. But it was on par with RDF treatment. Thus application of compost at10t/ha might be an effective nutritional input in organic cultivation of coriander.  
Induction of induced systemic resistance in capsicum chilli against Colletotrichum truncatum through fungal biocontrol agents
No full textTo induce the systemic resistance in capsicum against Colletotrichum truncatum an experiment was conducted with two biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum in pot culture. The induced resistance was monitored by increase in activities of five defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the accumulation of phenols and β -1,3-glucanase were also noticed in capsicum upon challenge inoculation with C. truncatum, the causal agent for anthracnose or fruit rot in capsicum. The activities of defense enzymes reached a peak at eight days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoforms of PO and PPO were observed in biocontrol agents treated seedlings due to induced systemic resistance (ISR) introduction. Prior treatment of capsicum seedlings with biocontrol agents triggered the plant defense mechanism in response to infection by C. capsici. Hence, it is speculated that among the various direct antagonistic tools, ISR is also the one indirect tool by which the tested biocontrol agents afforded resistance to capsicum against the pathogen
Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on phenology, growth and yield of bed planted wheat under varying irrigation levels in semi-arid conditions
No full textA field study was conducted in a semi-arid climate to assess the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on timely sown bed planted wheat under varying irrigation levels. The soil of the field was sandy loam, having 0.36% organic carbon and pH 8.2. It was low in available N (132 kg/ha), medium in available P (11.6 kg/ha) and rich in available K (325 kg/ha). The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations of four levels of irrigation (Two, three, four and five irrigations) in main plots and four fertilizer levels (80, 90, 100 and 110% of recommended N and P i.e., 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5/ha) in sub-plots, laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Application of five irrigations recorded a significant increase in plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, grain (5022kg/ha) and straw yield (8578 kg/ha) and net returns over two, three and four irrigations. The increased doses of NP significantly increased the growth parameters, grain and straw yield and net returns up to 110% recommended dose of NP
Effects of phosphorus application on bunch and spreading genotypes of groundnut
No full textFarm of Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan to find out most suitable groundnut variety and their phosphorus levels in the study region. The treatments combination was of two groundnut varieties (Kormaki and Paparri) and four levels of phosphorus as P2O5 (P0= 0 kg P2O5 ha-1, P1=40 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2= 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3= 80 kg P2O5 ha-1), were tested in a split plot design. Result revealed that Paparri variety produced significantly higher growth attributes (plant height, dry matter accumulation and number of main branches plant-1) and yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, pods dry weight plant-1, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage) over Kormaki variety. Likwise, paparri variety produced significantly higher pods yield, kernel yield, haulm yield and biological yield over kormaki variety. In the like manner, significantly higher gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was recorded from Paparri variety, whereas residual nitrogen was found significantly higher in kormaki variety. Among phosphorus levels, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded higher values for growth parameters, yield attributes viz. number of pods plant-1, pods weight plant-1, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage, and yields (including pods yield, kernel yield, haulm yield and biological yield)
Survey of insect-pests of citrus crop in Eritrea
No full textCitrus is the main fruit crop in Eritrea with the main citrus species being orange, lemon and mandarin that are produced in 2064, 328 and 17 ha, respectively. The production and productivity of these fruit crops are affected by several pests. Citrus pest survey was conducted in major citrus growing regions of the country with the objectives to assess the type of citrus insect-pests in the different areas, study the natural enemies of the citrus pests and assess the nature of pest damage on the fruit crop. Pest assessments and counts by species were done using hand lenses under field condition and microscope in laboratory. The result of the study showed that citrus is affected by 21 different species of arthropods out of which 19 are insect species and the remaining 2 species are Acarina (mites). The insect pests cause citrus tree damage at different stage and on different parts of the tree such as leaves, stem, fruit and root. Of the 21 species, six are major pest and the remaining 15 species are minor pests. The six important pests are leaf miner, red scale, black scale, fruit fly, whitefly and red spider mites. Leaf miner, fruit fly and red spider mites were observed in all citrus production areas while the remaining three species were recorded in limited areas. Black and red scales incidence and severity were high in Hamelmalo, Elabered, Alla, and Durfo. Fruit fly is the main pest of citrus throughout the fruit producing areas of the country, threatening its production and cause 20-40 percent fruit dropping and rotting
Impact through a front-line demonstration on yield and economics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in arid Kachchh of Gujarat
No full textIt is customary in India to offer fennel seeds after a meal and eating fennel seeds after a meal is considered a healthy practice, primarily because of its ability to keep the digestive system healthy. Seed spices played an important role in the Indian economy under agricultural commodities for a long time. Front frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on Fennel were organized by ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kukma, Bhuj in different villages of Anjar and Bhuj Talukas of Kachchh from 2019-20 to 2021-22. The high-yielding variety Gujarat Fennel-12 was evaluated at the farmer’s field under the front line demonstration programme (FLDs). A total of 60 demonstrations were conducted in 24 ha area at farmer’s fields against farmer’s practice in arid Kachchh of Gujarat. The average seed yield under improved practice was 2160 kg ha–1 compared to the farmer’s practice (1770 kg ha–1) and increased significantly by 22.08% on average over the farmer’s practice output. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 390.00 kg ha-1, 240.00 kg ha-1 and 10.00%, respectively. Through adopting improved practices, farmers get additional average returns of Rs.22562 ha-1. During this period the extension activities like farmer’s training, distribution of literature, diagnostic visits etc. were taken to provide instant benefit to the farmers. Frontline demonstrations programme created greater awareness, attitude and skill to adopt improved practices of Fennel and therefore, increased their production and economics
Economic analysis of different rice cultivars against major biotic stresses
No full textThe on-farm trials during kharif 2017 and 2018 were conducted to study the prevalence of major biotic stresses and benefit-cost ratio on popularly grown rice cultivars. The results revealed that non-significant variations were noticed between cultivars on the incidence of leaf folder damage, BPH & WBPH populations and severity of sheath blight disease in the stipulated period. However, the variation observed in these biotic stresses is due to the maturity period of cultivars. The long-duration cultivars result in more shelter from insects and disease due to the dense crop canopy and take more days to maturity as compared to medium-short duration cultivars. It was also found that cultivating long-duration cultivars viz; Pusa 44 and Pili Pusa gave the highest yield with a low benefit-cost ratio as compared to medium-short duration cultivars like PR 121, PR 122, and PR 126. Our study concluded that the cultivation of medium-short duration cultivars is more profitable due to the low cost of production, less use of chemical inputs and lesser requirement of irrigation water
Study on genetic divergence in various genotypes of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.].
No full textThe results of the analysis of variance indicated that substantial genetic variability was present for yielding contributing characters. The intra-cluster distance was recorded as the highest for cluster 3 (49.75) which indicates the existence of maximum variability within this cluster. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters 5 and 6 (94.81) which indicates that the genotypes included in these clusters are genetically diverse. So, it is desirable to select accessions from the clusters having high inter-cluster distance in the recombination breeding programs. The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster 1 and cluster 5 (50.92), indicating the close relationship among the genotypes included in these clusters. Based on yield and yield contributing characters, the genotypes viz., VRW-14, VRW-12, VRW- 20 and VRW-17 were found promising for the future improvement programme
Occurrence of pentatomid bug, Degonetus serratus (Distance) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) feeding on teak in Gujarat
No full textPentatomidae are usually considered as minor and occasional pests feed on large number of cultivated crops as well as wild plants. During field visit, pentatomid bug, Degonetus serratus (Distance) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) was observed on teak plants in forest areas of Tapi district. The infestation was found sporadic along the river side teak plantation. This paper presents the first report of the occurrence of D. serratus and its sporadic infestation on teak which hitherto was not reported on teak from Gujarat
Seasonal incidence and biology of Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Guava
No full textStudies on seasonal incidenceof castor capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in guava crop were carried out under field conditions at horticultural research farm,Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The results revealed that the pest was found to infest both the rainy as well as winter season guava crop. During rainy season, peak infestation (16%) of C. punctiferalis on guava was recorded in 3rd& 5th week of August in picked fruits while in dropped fruits, peak infestation (11.63%) was recorded in 3rd week of August. During winter season, peak infestation (8%) of C. punctiferalis on guava was recorded in 2nd week of December and March in picked fruits while in dropped fruits, peak infestation (11.11%) was recorded in 2nd week of March. The life cycle of C. punctiferalis was completed in 34-46 days and the pest completed multiple generations in a year