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Effect of sources of kusum (Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken) seed, its size and tree attributes on seed quality and seed germination
No full textKusum tree is considered to be the best lac host and is distributed throughout the country. The germination of kusum seeds is very much erratic. To through light on this erratic behavior, three experiments were conducted in Randomized Block Design on different aspects of seed germination and viability during 2014-18. It was found that higher seed viability test weight (61 g) and healthy seeds with lesser discolored/ infected seed per cent (40.1) were found in the year having higher rainfall (i.e. 2014 receiving 844 mm rainfall) during the growth and development period of fruits. Thus 104 mm higher rainfall could increase test weight 36 per cent and produce 47 per cent lesser infected seeds. Diurnal variation in temperature impacted quality seed production. Experimental findings also suggested that when seed weight was more than 700 mg, it performed better with higher germination per cent (13 and 46 per cent, respectively). Experimentation also suggested that better quality of Kusum seeds can be obtained from trees having higher ranges of tree exposure to sunshine (40-90 per cent), higher branch length (2.9-6.1 m) and several consecutive unpruned seasons (3.6-8.8)
Assess the effect of natural ageing and storage containers on seed quality of tomato seeds
No full textThe present study entitled "Seed quality assessment in the naturally aged seed of tomato was conducted during rabi 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The freshly stored seed was observed to be highest in seed quality parameters i.e., germination per cent, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices as compared to when seeds were stored in different containers during 18 months storage period. As the storage period increase, the seed quality parameter goes on decreasing. Among the containers, 18-month seeds stored in a polythene bag (> 700 gauge) recorded significantly higher seed germination (60.67%), seedling length (8.77cm), seedling dry weight (11.42 mg), vigour index -I (532) and seed vigour index-II (793) as compared to a cloth bag. Standard germination percentage was maintained up to 15 months of storage in a polythene bag. In both containers, polythene bags performed better than cloth bags throughout the storage period
Polyploid rootstocks in citrus for mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses: A review
No full textCitrus is growing commercially worldwide for its nutritious value and economical aspects. By 2030, citrus fruit demand will be more around 50 percent as human diet. However, the environmental stresses are badly affected citrus production and productivity as well as fruit quality. These factors are reduced citrus production by 30-60 per cent in traditional citrus growing area in the world due to the lack of suitable rootstocks. The polyploidy rootstocks can play pivotal role to mitigate the environmental impacts and sustainability in citriculture for vigor and fruit quality. Polyploid citrus rootstocks have great importance in crop improvement programmes due to their attributes to the higher vigor, dwarfism, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses when compared to their diploid counterparts. They exhibit deep and thick root system with less number of secondary roots, more ABA synthesis, leathery and thick leaves, bigger sized stomata with less density, high antioxidant system etc. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to elucidate and discuss the importance of polyploidy rootstocks developed so far for various horticultural traits in citrus
Genetic variability and correlation studies in various genotypes of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.]
No full textThe study was conducted to determine genetic variability and correlation involving 21 watermelon genotypes in a randomized block design with three replications. A considerable amount of variability was observed for qualitative and quantitative traits. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic variability was recorded for the seediness, followed by pericarp thickness and fruit weight. Most of the characters except cotyledon size, leaf blade ratio, emergence of first male flower, emergence of first female flower, days taken to fruit maturity, blooming period and seed length exhibited high estimates of heritability coupled with the high estimates of genetic advance. Number of fruits per vine had significant genotypic and phenotypic positive correlation with the traits leaf blade length, internodal length, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches. Based on yield and yield contributing characters, the genotypes viz., VRW-14, VRW-12, VRW- 20 and VRW-17 were found promising for future improvement programme
Assessment of best performing genotypes of Ailanthus excelsa under arid climatic conditions
No full textThe present study was conducted to screen 19 genotypes of Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.) and to identify the best performing genotypes under arid ecosystem of Haryana, India. Among the genotypes, ‘S-9’ and ‘S-18’ performed consistently with higher growth and carbon sequester as compared to other genotypes. The maximum plant height and girth at breast height was 9.91m and 65cm respectively, in ‘S-9’ after 8 years of planting, which was at par with 04 genotypes (‘S-4, S-6, S-11 and S-18’) over other selections. At 4 and 8 year after planting of A. excelsa, ‘S-9’ produced the highest biomass production i.e., 0.66 tones per tree over all the genotypes. The maximum mean values of dry matter accumulation/ plant were 0.52 tones/ tree recorded after 8 year of planting in S-9 genotypes. Similar results for CO2 equivalent, which was significantly higher in S-9 i.e., 0.96 tonnes per tree after 8 years of planting over other genotypes of A. excelsa. The overall results revealed that the genotypes ‘S- 9’ and ‘S- 18’ were identified as the best genotypes for multiplication in the field to increase the biomass production and CO2 equivalent for the arid regions
Bio-efficacy of ground plant powders on the population of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in stored green gram
No full textTribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the major insect pests of stored grains. Experiment was conducted for studying the efficiency of ground plant materials for management of T. castaneum in stored green gram and effect of plant powders on seed germination in laboratory of Department of Entomology, CoA, CAU, Imphal during the period 2021-2022. Studies on effect of plant powders on management of T. castaneum revealed that Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed shows maximum mean adult mortality of 100.00 per cent and Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed shows lowest mean adult mortality of 33.33 per cent. Highest seed damage was recorded in Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed (8.00 per cent) and least was in Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed (1.67 per cent). Maximum adult emergence was noted in treatment of Sweet flag @ 1.5g/kg seed (8.00 per cent) and lowest was in China berry @ 1.5g/kg seed (1.33 per cent). Evaluation of germination percentage reveals that minimum germination percentage was recorded in Black pepper @ 1.5g/kg seed (91.33 per cent) and maximum was in Indian wormwood @ 1.5g/kg seed (98.67 per cent) but none of the treatment recorded the percentage below the prescribed germination percentage of green gram. Plant powders offers efficient control of red flour beetle and these are available locally and did not show any adverse on the environment and hence can be recommended as alternatives to the chemical insecticides
Adaptive dynamics of earhead bugs in different genotypes of sorghum under abiotic factors
No full textBased on preliminary screening, ten sorghum genotypes were selected on the basis of head bugs infestation and grain damage rating by visual observation method and replicated thrice in a plot size of 3 metre row length. The population build-up of sorghum earhead bugs was low with mean of 18.9 bugs/5 panicles in resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible ones (66.20 bugs/panicles) and minimum temperature, relative humidity of morning and evening hours were negatively correlated while, maximum temperature and sunshine hours were positively correlated with head bug population build-up in sorghum crop. It is inferred that sorghum earhead bugs did not preferred some sorghum varieties with certain morphological as well as biochemical plant characters which in the end reflects in the population build-up of sorghum earhead bugs
Diversity and abundance of insect visitors/pollinators on different genotypes of Brassica spp.
No full textStudies on diversity and abundance of insect pollinators on different cultivar of Brassica spp. were carried out and found eighteen bee species belonging to twelve families of five different orders were recorded visiting on the flowers of rapeseed-mustard genotypes. Order Hymenoptera contributed maximum diversity of pollinators followed by Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Among hymenopterans, honey bees, Apis cerana F., Apis mellifera L., Apis florea F. and Apis dorsata F. were the most frequent visitors and in genotypes TH 68 and HNS 0901 experienced highest diversity. A. mellifera was most abundant during different day hours (1000. 1200. 1400 and 1600 h) among different Apis spp. on all genotypes. A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea population was found maximum in variety TH 68 whereas A. dorsata was most abundant on BSH-1 and HC-212. The mean densities of A. mellifera was maximum followed by A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea. A. florea was most abundant on variety TH 68 and genotype HC-212 (9.93 and 9.07 bees/m2/10 min respectively)
Natural farming: Is it safe to march ahead?
No full textDue to the increasing global population, advancement in farming techniques to meet the global food demand is the need of the hour. Conventional farming techniques have increased the yield over the past few decades, but those techniques also have adverse effects on natural resources. In this scenario, many other alternatives have emerged as a solution, natural farming being one among them. The presented article delivers crucial information regarding the targeted farming technique i.e., natural farming. Multiple scientifically-proven natural techniques and ecological approaches are discussed for different aspects of farming. In addition, criticisms related to Natural Farming are illustrated along with a basic introduction to zero budget natural farming (ZBNF). Furthermore, the article describes multiple proven technologies for weed, pest and disease management approaches through natural practices. Lastly, the article gives recommendations on implementing and introducing natural farming to the farming community
Bio-efficacy of new fungicide, Tebuconazole- 430SC against coffee leaf rust disease, Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Broome
No full textCoffee is an important plantation crop cultivated worldwide and used as stimulating drink. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease is one of the devastating disease affecting foliage of Coffee, limiting Coffee production worldwide. It is caused by an obligate parasite Hemileia vastatrix, which reduce photosynthetic area in turn results in heavy defoliation and die-back of branches. In India CLR management is accomplished with one contact fungicide spray (Bordeaux mixture @ 0.5%) and effective systemic fungicide spray during pre and post monsoon periods respectively. However, to find an alternative to the recommended fungicide the studies were conducted to know the efficacy of new fungicide Tebuconazole 430 SC against CLR. The results revealed that, in the laboratory conditions, complete inhibition of the uredospore germination was observed in Tebuconazole 430 SC @ 0.5 ml/L and 0.75 ml/L and Hexaconazole 5 EC @ 2 ml/L. However, in lower concentration Tebuconazole 430 SC @0.25 ml/L there was 98.97 per cent inhibition and in Copper Oxychloride 50 WP @ 5.5 g/L 87.49 per cent inhibition was observed over control. Field trials indicated that, at all the locations, Tebuconazole 430SC @ 0.75ml/L was found very effective which recorded maximum disease reduction followed by Tebuconazole 430SC @ 0.5ml/L which was found on-par with the currently recommended fungicide Hexaconazole 5 EC @ 2 ml/L and minimum disease reduction was observed in Copper oxychloride 50 WP @ 5.5g/L