213 research outputs found
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A functional decision support system for management of Graphiola leaf spot (Graphiola phoenicis) disease during hardening of date palm tissue cultured plants in a greenhouse
No full textA functional decision support system (DSS) was developed through optimising values of parameters favour faster growth and development of tissue cultured plantlets of date palm and suppression of disease infection. The programming of control devices was further managed based on the ambient environmental conditions, which required variable simulation periods and a plan for controlling of all systems for maintaining the greenhouse environment. During the process of plant hardening, the plants were infected by Graphiola leaf spot (Graphiola phoenicis). The moderate temperature, and high humidity inside the greenhouse, accompanied by short days and frequent occurrence of fog during winter months, favoured the development of smut infection. It is required to manage an extended photoperiod for 16 hours with 15000 lux light intensity provided by white fluorescent tube lights and incandescent bulbs inside the greenhouse. The integrated practices of enhanced photoperiod and light intensity under the greenhouse in combination with fungicides application to plants were found very effective in suppressing the intensity of the disease and its adverse effects on the plants. Using this decision support system (DSS), the tissue cultured date palm plants cv. Barhee has been successfully hardened and managed disease and transplanted in the field for further studying establishment, survival, plant growth and fruiting-related parameters
Assessing the mercury removal efficiency of natural adsorbents from wastewater
No full textOrganic waste materials viz., coir pith, rice husk, and water hyacinth were studied in the batch experiments to evaluate their potential for mercury removal from wastewater. Five pH (4,5,6,7,8) and five different contact times (1,2,4,6,8 hours) were studied with a constant mercury concentration of 0.1 ppm. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used for characterizing the biochars i.e., rice husk biochar (RHBC), coir pith biochar (CPBC) and water hyacinth biochar (WHBC), used for the experiment before and after adsorption studies. Adsorption capacities of each different biochar used for the experiment varied due to their wide range of surface area as well as different shift patterns in the FTIR. Based on the experimental results, among the three adsorbents used for mercury removal from wastewater, coirpith biochar (CPBC) has a maximum removal efficiency of 46.2% followed by rice husk biochar (RHBC–44.8%) and water hyacinth biochar (45.6%) with 6 hours of contact time
Seasonal incidence of stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) infesting black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in kharif
No full textA field experiment on the seasonal incidence of stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) infesting black gram was carried out in variety GU 1 (Gujarat Urd 1) during kharif 2017 and 2021 at Entomology farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand. Infestation of M. sojaewas observed from 1st WAS i.e., 34th SMW. Later on, infestation increased gradually and its highest infestation was observed during the 39th SMW i.e., 68.33 and 73.33% of kharif, 2017 and 2021, respectively. Stem fly infestation exhibited a highly significant positive association (r = 0.519** and 0.655**, respectively) with bright sunshine hours (BSS) and maximum temperature (MaxT), respectively. Abiotic factors viz., rainfall (RF) exhibited a significant negative association (-0.458*), while evaporation (EP) showed a significant positive association (0.466*)
Effect of different organic sources and mulching on growth, yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
No full textTen treatment combinations comprising five different organic sources viz., Vermicompost, FYM, NADEP-compost, Bangalore-compost and No manure and two levels of mulching viz., mulch with wheat straw @ 2.5t/ha and no mulch were evaluated in randomized block design with factorial concept with four replications. An application of vermicompost recorded significantly higher plant height (13.72, 30.00 and 54.56 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively) and root length (12.52 cm) at 45 DAS, number of pods per plant (25.82), pod yield (2757 kg/ha), haulm yield (4615 kg/ha) shelling % (73.98%), protein content (24.85%) and oil content (51.68%). The effect of mulch on all the observations was found non-significant. All the interaction effects between organic sources and mulching on all the observations were found non-significant. For getting higher growth, yield and quality of kharif groundnut crop should be applied manures with 20 kg N/ha from vermicompost along with 250 kg PROM/ha
Comparative studies of conventional, organic and natural farming types for their efficiency, and productivity in maize + red gram intercropping system
No full textThe field experiment on comparative studies of different farming methods for their efficiency and productivity in maize + redgram intercropping system was conducted at zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season. Among the different farming types, growth and yield parameters of maize viz. plant height (204.18 cm) number of leaves/ plant (17.20), cob length (15.94cm), straw yield (19.35 t/ ha) grain yield (81.36 q/ ha) and red gram Grain yield (4.36 q/ ha) and straw yield (11.19 q/ ha) were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments. Similar trend was observed with maize equivalent yield (95.50 q/ ha). On the other hand, highest dehydrogenase (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day) and urease (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs) enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively followed by natural farming treatment and least enzyme activity was noticed in farmers practice. Same trend was observed in acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. There was no much variation in physical properties i.e., bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity by the different treatments and also no significant difference occurs in the pH and EC, however higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment and it was followed with the farmer’s practice treatment. The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage)
Effect of different agricultural practices on yield, profitability and soil properties under maize (Zea mays) – barley (Hordeum vulgare) cropping system
No full textThe present study was conducted to quantify the effects of natural, organic, and integrated farming methods on yield, profit, and soil properties of maize (Zea mays) + soybean (Glycine max) – barley (Hordium vulgare) + vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) cropping system. The mean data of two years recorded 54% and 62% higher maize yield and net profit with applied NPK+FYM. Such increase in yield and net profit of barley was 48% and 47%. Soil properties showed a significant improvement due to applied NPK+FYM over FP and observed an increase of 23%, 14%, 8%, 30% and 16% for soil OC, MBC, available N, P and K, respectively. The availability of micronutrients in soil was maximum under organic and SPNF practice than other treatments. The study also revealed that SPNF practice was statistically at par with FP but these were found inferior to rest of the practices suggesting that natural and organic farming need to be practice for a longer period for better yield, profit, and soil environment
Comparative study of green gram cultivation in natural farming vs recommended practices
No full textA comparative study on green gram cultivation in natural farming vs recommended practices was carried out at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Abusar Jhunjhunu in Kharif-2022 to assess future possibilities of Natural farming practices in the district. In natural farming plot no manure and fertilizer were applied, seeds were treated with beejamrit and after sowing Jeevamrit was applied in field as per recommendation while in other plots all recommended doses of fertilizers were applied, seeds were treated with imidacloprid and NPK consortia, for management of weeds herbicide pendamethalin was applied after sowing. Whiteflies were observed in both plots. Neemastra and imidacloprid were applied in natural farming and other plots to control white flies. All observations were recorded from both plots and analyzed. Results revealed that lower yield was observed in natural farming plots (4.54 q/ha) than recommended practices (5.82 q/ha.). Possible causes of low yield in natural farming plots were weeds and severe white fly infestation. In recommended practices, pendamethalin herbicide was applied as pre-emergence, which reduced weed population, while Imidacloprid was sprayed to control white flies, reducing pest infestation. Soil samples after harvesting of crops were taken from both plots and analyzed for available organic carbon and NPK level. In the natural farming plot organic carbon level was slightly higher than in another plot which is a positive sign that it may increase the yield of the next crop.  
Biology and morphometric of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) on brinjal crop under laboratory conditions
No full textThe study on the biology of shoot and fruit borer was carried out in the Research Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal, India, Kharif season during 2021-22. White, creamy eggs with an oval to elongated shape were placed singly in bunches. On food made from brinjal, the incubation period for the brinjal shoot and fruit borer ranged from 3-7 days, with a mean time of 4.4±1.26 days. The average larval time varied from 13-20 days with a mean duration of 16.8±2.41 days in the brinjal food portion under laboratory conditions. The larvae were white to dark pinkish throughout the instars to become fully grown. It took an average of 9-15 days for a pinkish to dark brown pupa to develop, and between 6 and 8 days for the pupa to mature into an adult. The adult moths were little with whitish wings, and they lived an average of 5.4±1.50 days for female and 2.95±0.98 for male adults, ranging from 4.0 to 5.5 days during the experiment. As a result, the entire life cycle was completed in a brinjal diet ranging from 31 to 39 days, with a mean time of 34.9±2.19 days. During the trial, the male-to-female ratio ranged from 1 to 2, with an average ratio of 1:2 in a lab setting
Biological parameters and comparative morphometrics studies of Scirpophaga spp. in rice
No full textThe comparative biological studies on yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Wlk.) and white Stem Borer, Scirpophaga fusciflua Hampson showed that the moths of both species preferred to lay eggs on the dorsal surface of leaves. The eggs were laid in masses during night hours and covered with brownish hairs of the anal tuft. The maximum eggs of S. incertulas hatched on 6th day, whereas the S. fusciflua eggs hatched on the 5th day with per cent hatchability of 86 and 93 per cent, respectively. There were six larval instars in S. incertulas with 25-34 days larval duration and five for S. fusciflua with 26-31 days larval duration. The pupal period lasts for 7-9 days in both species, and the adults emerge from the pupae during dusk hours. Adults exhibited sexual dimorphism. The longevity of male and female moths was also similar in both species. The morphometries of larval head capsule width were more in S. incertulas as compared to S. fusciflua. Male pupal weight of both the species were almost similar but it was varied significantly in female pupa S. incertulas (0.024mg) and S. fusciflua (0.032mg)
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda
No full textAccording to the result of the current study, plant height, canopy, stem girth, number of primary branches and total dry matter of the plant at 30 DAT, 60 DAT, 90 DAT were recorded maximum with the application of 100% RDF. The maximum yield parameters, such as a number of flowers per plant, yield/plant, yield/plot and yield/ha., flowering parameters, such as minimum days to first flower bud appearance, 50% flowering, first harvest and maximum flowering duration, i.e., the highest gross return/ha and the net return/ha were recorded highest by the application of 75% RDF + Vermicompost (1.25t/ha)