213 research outputs found
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Success story: extraction method of neem oil from neem seed kernel in Eritrea
No full textThis research aims to extract neem oil from kernels of Neem seed. The extracted neem oil was used for bio-pesticide to control pests. An oil presser machine extraction was used to extract the oil. The results obtained showed that an average 140ml/kg of neem seed kernel. Neem based insecticides are botanical pesticides safer to environment and public. Various studies have shown that neem is non-toxic to birds, beneficial insects. Moreover, neem oil can be used as fungicide, insecticide, acaricide and nematicide and could be used best alternative in organic farm. The neem cake produced organic fertilizer, containing high organic matter and 13.8% nitrogen, Phosphorus (0.5% to 1.0%) and potassium (1.0% to 2.0%). The dual activity of neem cake as fertilizer and pest repellent has made it a favored input. Neem cake is a by-product of oil extraction and since it represents 70% of the original seed by weight or volume. Neem is used in storage; pests can be kept away from the grain for a whole year; but if the grain is already infected with pests the protection will not work
The traditional food of meiteis from the aspects of medicine, cultural, spiritual and social value
No full textThe relationship between plants and human beings has been known since time immemorial. Nowadays, there is scientific study of the relationship that exists between people and plants. This includes plants used as food, phytochemicals, pharmacology, clothing, currency, ritual, medicine, dye, construction, etc. Manipur was a small princely state in North-East India, having a history of about 2000 years. As Manipur is under Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hot Spot of the Northeast region, diverse flora and fauna are available. Meiteis, the dominant community of these states and the other 35 ethnic schedule tribes of Manipur, also have traditional foods like Houttunia chordata, Elsholgia, Polygonum species (phakpai) as condiments, Acorus calamus, Plectranthus, Mimosa pudica (Lam ekaithabi), Vitex negundo (Uriksshibi) as medicinal Plants, Oscimum sanctum (Tulsi), Cedrela toona (Tairen) Eupatorium balmanicum (Langthrei) as spiritual plants, Nicotiana tabacum, Lycopodium phlegmaria (Leishang khekwaiba) as cultural plants, Siroy lily and Dzuco lily as social plants as it indicates the availability in Siroi hilltop, Ukhrul and Dzuco
Performance evaluation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth, yield and quality under subtropical climate
No full textLettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae and is known as a leafy salad vegetable. It is rich in vitamins like Vitamin A and C, and also a good source of minerals such as iron, sodium, calcium etc. It is more popular in temperate regions and also performing well under subtropical climatic conditions during the winter season. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to identify the suitable variety of lettuce for higher yield and quality under subtropical climate. The experiment was conducted with five treatments replicated thrice. Seeds of these five lettuce varieties viz., Tango, Bingo, Summer Star, Grand Rapid and Black Rose were sown in portrays prefilled with a combination of media made of coco peat, vermiculite and perlite in the ratio 3:1:1. After thirty days plants were plugged out and transplanted under field condition to study the performance of lettuce varieties. Among the studied varieties, the maximum yield (191.44 q/ha) was recorded with the variety Summer Star which was at par (190.32 q/ha) with the Bingo variety, followed by (129.50 q/ha) in Tango and the least (85.51 q/ha) by Black Rose. However, vitamin C content and total carotenoid content were significantly found highest (15.98 mg/ 100 g) and 8.06 mg/ 100 g in the Black Rose variety, respectively. Tango variety observed maximum chlorophyll ‘a’ (5.85 mg/ g FW), ‘b’ (2.01 mg/ g FW) and total chlorophyll (7.85 mg/ g FW) content among studied lettuce varieties
Screening of different genotypes/cultivars of black gram against stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) in Kharif season
No full textTotal thirteen black gram genotypes/cultivars (SKNU-13-02, SKNU-13-03, SKNU-13-05, SKNU-11-11, SKNU-12-04, SKNU-12-07, SKNU-12-08, SKNU-15-01, SKNU-15-02, SKNU-15-03, T9, GU 1 and Rajasthan local) were screened for their relative susceptibility against stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae during summer (2017) at Entomological farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand.SKNU-15-01 (17.99%), SKNU-15-02 (18.81%) and SKNU-12-07 (19.48%) registered less infestation of stem fly and emerged as resistant genotypes. The genotypes/cultivars SKNU-13-05 (35.43%), SKNU-12-08 (35.83%) and Rajasthan local (38.26%) proved to be moderately resistant. GU 1 (51.43%), T9 (55.00%), SKNU-13-02 (55.05%), SKNU-12-04 (55.05%), SKNU-15-03 (58.03%) and SKNU-13-03 (59.25%) categorized as moderately susceptible. At the same time, SKNU-11-11 (60.36%) proved to be susceptible against stem fly. Maximum seed yield was harvested from the genotype SKNU-15-02 (833 kg/ha) during Kharif, 2017 followed by SKNU-12-07 (786 kg/ha)
Influence of organic manures and zinc on yield, quality and profitability of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under semi-arid conditions
No full textThe study was conducted to determine the effect of organic manures and zinc on radish's growth, yield, quality and economics. The maximum average weight of the root (193.72 g), root: shoot ratio (2.72), root yield (258.86 q/ha), ascorbic acid (13.72 mg/100g), zinc content in leaves (25.05 ppm),) net return (Rs 170280/ha) and B: C ratio (2.92) were recorded and significantly influenced in treatment M2 but these parameters were at par with M3 except net return. In the case of zinc levels, the maximum average weight of root (194.81 g), root: shoot ratio (2.62), root yield (253.30 q/ha), ascorbic acid (13.40 mg/100g), net return (Rs 167810/ha) and B: C ratio (2.96) were recorded in treatment ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha but these parameters were at par with Z3. However, zinc content in leaves and roots (27.31 & 47.15 ppm) were recorded more in treatment Z3 @ 30 kg/ha but these parameters did not differ significantly from treatment Z2. The combining effect of different organic manures and zinc levels was significant on the B: C ratio. Moreover, the interactive effect between vermicompost @ 3 t/ha along with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha was significantly higher (3.27) over the rest of the treatments except M3Z3, M2Z3 and M3Z2, which were found statistically at par to it
Zero budget natural farming practices on yield of crops (Maize + soybean and Pea + coriander) in mid hill of Sikkim Himalayas
No full textNatural Farming (NF) is an alternative low-input, climate-resilient farming practice that have emerged to reduce input costs and higher yields for farmers from locally available inputs by eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers and improving soil fertility. In this article, it was physico-chemically characterized the different formulations (jeevamrit, ghanjeevamrit and beejamrit) for different parameters and found that it varies at different interval days. This present article mainly focused on the different cropping system of the natural farming and also evaluating the economics of the returns with the conventional farming system. Therefore, the cropping system practiced are Maize and soybean during kharif season followed by vegetable pea and coriander during the rabi season. Result for the different natural farming practices in soybean + maize intercropping revealed that the maximum sole yield was recorded under AI-NPOF packages with 26.1 q/ha followed by complete natural farming with 21.4 q/ha whereas other treatments remained non-significant. In intercropping, the yield was found to be maximum under complete natural farming with (35.9 q/ha). The system BC ratio was highest under AI-NPOF Packages (1.82) followed by complete natural farming (1.20). In the pea-coriander system, the higher sole yield was recorded under AI-NPOF package with (70 q/ha) followed by complete NF (61.4 q/ha). The intercropping yield and vegetable pea equivalent were highest under complete NF. The result indicated that in natural farming, the vegetable-based cropping system was profitable in comparison to the maize based in terms of the net returns
Relationship of weather parameters and date of showing on vector-borne disease, stem necrosis of potato
No full textStem necrosis is a hot spot disease caused by Tospovirus, a groundnut bud necrosis virus strain for Rajasthan. The minimum per cent incidence (5.56%) of stem necrosis was recorded with the variety Kufri Sindhuri and Kufri Pushkar (7.69%), while the maximum per cent incidence (24.87%) in Kufri Pukhraj and Kufri Bahar (23.75%). Out of three sowing dates, minimum disease incidence was recorded on 3rd planting date. The maximum and minimum temperature was highly significant, with a positive correlation against stem necrosis on the first planting date. A highly significant positive correlation between stem necrosis and the thrips population was detected. The maximum area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value was found on 1st date of sowing. The 3rd date of sowing produced the maximum number of tubers per plot, marketable yield and total tuber yield (q/ha). However, the maximum per cent dry matter was recorded in K. Sindhuri (22.27%) and K. Pushkar (21.01%). Thus, the experiment results suggested that the variety of Kufri Sindhuri and Kufri Pushkar with planting in the last week of October caused a significant reduction in stem necrosis disease leading to a corresponding increase in tuber yield of potato
Identification of spoilage yeasts in cashew apple (Annacardium occidentale L.) using MALDI-TOF MS
No full textCashew (Annacardium occidentale L.) is a hardy and golden crop of arid regions, and the pseudo fruit, cashew apple is a vital source of sugars and vitamins that is discarded as a waste during cashew nut processing. Cashew apples start fermenting soon after the harvest, and due to the presence of a wide spectrum of polyphenols and tannins, the change of colour of cashew apples leads to an unappealing marketability and storage stability. The present study is aimed to rapid identification of different spoilage yeasts and to identify them using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectroscopy. Spoilage yeasts like Candida krusei, C. tropicalis, Pichia norvegensis, Brettannomyces bruxellensis were the spoilage yeasts found to have high confidence score values of 2.00 - 3.00 with high consistency
Bio-efficacy of newer insecticides and bio-pesticides against termite on chickpea in arid region of Rajasthan
No full textThe seed treatment, as well as soil application of imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 ml/kg + Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP @ 2 kg /ha, was found most effective against termite (9.34% plant damage) after 110 days of crop sowing, followed by fipronil 5 SC @ 5 ml/ kg + Metarrihizium anisopliae 1.15 WP @ 2 kg/ha (10%) and clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g/ kg + Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP @ 2 kg /ha (10.62%). The treatments alone seed treatment of imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 ml/ kg seed (11.56%) followed by fipronil 5 SC @ 5 ml/ kg seed (12.03%) and clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g/ kg seed (12.65%) were found moderately effective while, bio-pesticides viz., Metarrihizium anisopliae 1.15 WP @ 2 kg/ha and Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP @ 2 kg /ha with 15.78 and 15.47 per cent plant damage were found least effective for controlling the termite population. The maximum yield was obtained in imidacloprid 600 FS + Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (18.70 q ha-1) followed by fipronil 5 SC + Metarrihizium anisopliae 1.15 WP (18.20 q ha-1) and clothianidin 50 WDG + Beauveria bassiana1.15 WP (18.00 q ha-1), respectively
Effect of nano nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and quality of ber, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam
No full textAn experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Raj.) to find out the effects of nano nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of ber using Factorial Randomized Block Design with 5 replications from October 2021 to March 2022. The result showed that the maximum rise (6.45 %) in plant height (79.17 cm), number of primary branches (14.72), secondary branches (22.09), chlorophyll contents (55.34 SPAD value), fruit volume (20.63cm3), specific gravity (0.95), fruit length at harvest (3.42 cm), fruit diameter at harvest (3.16 cm), pulp thickness (12.56 mm), pulp weight (15.79 g), pulp: stone ratio (19.20), fruit setting (6.92 %), average fruit weight (18.00 g), yield/ tree (64.57 kg), ascorbic acid (65.75 mg/100g pulp), total soluble solid (15.77°Brix), total sugar (9.20 %), reducing sugar (4.83 %), non-reducing sugar (4.37 %), fruit pH (5.50) whereas minimum stone weight (0.82 g) and fruit drop (49.38 %) was recorded with the application of nano nitrogen @ 2 ml/ litter water + nano phosphorus @ 2 ml/ litter water spray over the control