213 research outputs found
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Screening of chilli genotypes for drought tolerance
No full textChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important solanaceous crop highly susceptible to drought due its higher transpiring leaf surface, high stomatal conductance and low membrane integrity. The pot culture experiment to screen the 12 chilli genotypes for drought tolerance was conducted with two treatments with 100 % field capacity as control and 50 % field capacity as drought and screening was done on the basis of various parameters. The overall results revealed that the tolerant genotypes maintained higher level of cell membrane integrity, chlorophyll stability, osmolyte accumulation and low lipid peroxidation under drought. Among the genotypes, CA 176 showed its supremacy by maintaining higher chlorophyll content, relative water content, cell membrane integrity and lower lipid peroxidation followed by CA 183 in its performance under drought. On the other hand CA 45, CA 104 and CA 174 showed poor performance by being very sensitive to water stress with very low yield
Assessment of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 analysis in mango
No full textDifferent genotypes are to be classified into clusters based on genetic diversity for any plant improvement programme. Further the extent of genetic divergence between them needs to be estimated. D2 statistics is one of the powerful tools to assess the relative contribution of different component traits to the total diversity, to quantify the degree of divergence and to choose genetically diverse parents for obtaining desirable recombinants. The present study was conducted at Horticultural College and Research Institute (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Periyakulam during 2017-18 on 27 genotypes of mango for genetic divergence with respect to forty six yield contributing traits. The analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among genotypes for all the forty six characters studied. Twenty seven genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The cluster size varied from single genotype (cluster III and VI) to thirteen genotypes (cluster I). Cluster II and IV had three genotypes each. Cluster V consisting of six genotypes. No relationship between geographic and genetic diversity was revealed as genotypes from same geographic area fell in different clusters and vice versa. The intercluster distances were more than intracluster distances. The highest intercluster distance was observed between cluster II and III followed by clusters II and IV. The other intercluster distances were of low magnitude. Hence crossing between genotypes of cluster II with those from cluster III and IV will be rewarding. Based on intercluster distances and cluster mean for different characters, parents were identified which upon crossing may yield desirable recombinants
Response of butter beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) for different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and quality characters
No full textA field experiment was conducted during June-October (2017) at Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal to study the response of butter beans for different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and quality characters. A randomized block design was followed with 17 combinations of N (30, 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha), P (37.5, 50, 62.5 and 75 kg/ha) and additional combination of 70: 75:50 kg N P2O5 K2O/ha. K 50 kg/ha was kept constant. The experimental results revealed that all the fertilizer treatments significantly increased the plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50 % flowering, number of pods per cluster, 100 seed weight, pod weight, pod yield per hectare, protein content and crude fibre content of butter beans. Maximum plant height (220.33 cm), number of branches per plant (4.79), minimum days to 50 % flowering (50) and 100 seed weight were recorded in the combination of 50 kg N, 37.5 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O per hectare. Number of pods per cluster (6.78), pod weight (14.00 g) and pod yield per hectare (5.85 t) were maximum in the combination of 60 kg N, 75 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O per hectare
Effect of zinc and boron on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) in alifisols of Tamirabarni tract
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Agriculture College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu during Rabi season crop, 2017-18 to determine the effect of zinc and boron as well as soil test crop response (STCR) application of N, P and K for achieving higher yield and better quality. The results showed that yield parameters like bulb lets clump-1 (6.4), polar diameter (3.35 cm), equatorial diameter (2.98 cm), weight of bulb (85.2g) and bulb yield (16.85 t ha-1) and bulb qualities such as total soluble solids (15.7 oBrix), ascorbic acid content (13.95 mg 100g-1), protein (8.46%) and pyruvic acid content (4.82 μmol g-1) was better in application of STCR (106:97:54 kg of NPK ha-1) + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 with 0.5% foliar spray. This treatment recorded the highest net income (254243 ha-1) and B: C ratio (4.07)
Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of different plant parts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
No full textStudies on influence of different growth stages on physiological and biochemical parameters of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) was carried out at HC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatoreduring 2017-18. Seven different plant parts viz., young seedlings (7-10 days after germination), fresh leaf at matured stage (30-40 days after sowing), dry leaf at matured stage (30-40 days after sowing), fresh leaf at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing), dry leaf at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing), dry seed and sprouted seed were tried. The study revealed that, the sprouted seeds and the dried seeds were found to be best with higher quality parameters viz., total protein, total carbohydrate, total phenol, total fat, crude fibre, calcium, magnesium and iron contents. On the other hand, the fresh leaves at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing) recorded higher (54.37 mg 100g-1) ascorbic acid content. The chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and total chlorophyll content in fresh fenugreek leaves ranged from 2.07 to 2.19 mg g-1, 1.02 to 1.16 mg g-1 and 3.09 to 3.35 mg g-¹ respectively, while dried leaves had lower total chlorophyll content ranged from 0.983 to 1.18 mg g-¹
Genomic and biotechnological interventions for crop improvement in cucurbitaceous crops: A review
No full textThe cucurbitaceous family has comprised with diverse economically important cucurbits. It primarily comprised of 118 genera and 825 species which being consumed as food worldwide since the domestication of the plants. In India, cucurbits are being grown throughout regions of the country including hot semi-arid and arid zones. With the advent of genomic breakthrough, a large number of genomic and biotechnological interventions have been developed in cucurbitaceous crops. The plenty of molecular markers are available in cucurbits and these markers were deployed to assess the genetic diversity and mapping of the QTLS/genes of interest. The success in development of genomic tools may happens by genome sequencing of mostly important cucurbitaceous crops such as watermelon, cucumber, muskmelon, bottle gourd, pumpkins. Transgenic and non-transgenic plants were developed in various cucurbitaceous crops by employing of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/CAS9 approach, respectively. Thus cucurbitaceous crops have been considerably exploited at molecular level and biotechnological interventions were developed for crop improvement. However, a comprehensive report in cucurbitaceous crops regarding genomic and biotechnological developments is not available in public domain. Therefore, in the present review, we have collected the information related to genomics and biotechnology in cucurbits and emphasized on some successful interventions
Biotic stress (insect) of aonla (Emblica officinalis) in arid region of India: a review
No full textIndian gooseberry, Emblica officinalis popularly also known as Aonla, amla, amrit phal is found attacked various number of insect-pests causing considerable damage. In India, the major insect-pests reported from aonla are shoot gall maker Betousa stylophora; leaf roller, Caloptilia (Garcillaria) acidula; hairy caterpillar, Selepa celtis; bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela quardrionotata; leaf roller, Tonica (Psorosticha) ziziphy; bag worm, Zeuzera sp.; fruit borer, Meridarchis sp.; pomegranate butter fly, Deudorix isocrates; fruit sucking moth, Achaea janata; fruit midge, Clinodiplosis sp.; cow bug, Tricentrus congestus; plant hopper, Seliza truncate; spherical mealy bug, Nipaecoccus viridis; weevil, Myllocerus discolour; termite, Odontotermes obesus; leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella and hairy caterpillars, Euproctis fraterna
Bio-efficacy different insecticides against jasmine blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt in Jasminum sambac L.
No full textThe bio-efficacy of five botanicals and eleven insecticides were evaluated against jasmine blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt infesting Jasminum sambac. Among the botanicals, pungam oil was the most effective treatment with least infestation followed by NSKE were able to reduce the infestation by 82.66 and 76.21 per cent, respectively. Flubendiamide 39.35 SC was the best treatment recording the greatest reduction of 85.47 per cent followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, respectively. The results concluded that insecticides are more effective then botanic insecticides against blossom midge
Studies of the effect of growth promoting hormones on rooting of cutting in Caralluma (Caralluma sarkariae) Lavranos & Frandsen
No full textCaralluma sarkariae is a succulent herb belongs to the family of Apocyanaceae. The population of Caralluma sarkariaeis found growing in a secluded area at Nagamalai hills of Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The crop with its immense medicinal value such as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties need to be explored and promoted in non-traditional areas. Hence the experiment was taken up to study the effect of growth regulators on rooting of cuttings in Caralluma sarkariae. The results revealed that, the use of growth regulators greatly influenced on growth parameters particularly shoot and root length, when side shoots were treated with IBA 200 ppm
Do bottom-up effects (resistance) of different accessions of Indian cherry (Cordia myxa L.) help against tingid bug [Dictyla cheriani (Drake)] attack?
No full textThe tingid bug, Dictyla cheriani (Drake) [Hemiptera: Tingidae] is an important pest of Indian cherry (Cordia myxa L.), leading to significant losses in yield in the hot arid agro-climate of India. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize sources of resistance in India cherry accessions to D. cheriani from the arid region of India. We found that: three accessions were resistant; 3 accessions were moderately resistant; 2 accessions were moderately susceptible; 2 accessions were susceptible and three accessions were highly susceptible to D. cheriani infestation. Free amino acid had positive correlation with infestation, whereas phenols, tannin, alkaloid and flavonoid contents had significant negative correlation with infestation. The infestation had significant negative correlation with leaf length and width. Phenols and flavonoid contents explained (96.9 and 96.1%, respectively) of the total variation in bug infestation and in bug density per leaf. One principal component was extracted explaining cumulative variation of 90.07% in infestation. The flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins, phenols content, roughness and hairyness were the novel antibiosis and antixenotic characters found in Indian cherry accessions, which were resistant to D. cheriani. Growers can adopt potential accessions of Indian cherry (Cordia myxa L.) as identified for resistance (AHCM-22-1, AHCM-25 and AHCM-34 accessions) with minimal financial investment for obtaining higher yields. The bio-physical traits linked to resistance of Indian cherry against D. cheriani could be used as marker traits in plant breeding programmes to develop resistant cultivars