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Selenic acid etching assisted atomic engineering for designing metal-semimetal dual single-atom catalysts for enhanced CO2 electroreduction
No full textSingle-atom catalysts are promising for electrocatalytic CO2 conversion but face challenges in controllable syntheses. Herein, a facile selenic acid etching-assisted strategy has been developed to fabricate a hybrid metal-semimetal dual single-atom catalyst for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. This strategy enables the simultaneous generation of monodisperse active sites and hierarchical morphologies with hollow nanostructures. The as-obtained catalyst with Fe–Se dual single-atom sites supported by porous nitrogen-doped carbon (FeSe-NC) shows exceptional catalytic activity and CO selectivity, delivering a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of >97% with industrially comparable jCO, superior to the Fe single-atom catalyst. Moreover, the FeSe-NC-based rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery delivers a high power density (2.01 mW cm–2) and outstanding FECO (>90%), as well as excellent cycling stability. Experimental results together with theoretical calculations reveal that the etching-induced defects and the Se-modulated Fe centers with asymmetrical polarized charge distributions synergistically facilitate the key intermediate *CO desorption and thus accelerate the CO2-to-CO conversion.補正完畢US
Changes in perceived distress among patients receiving inpatient palliative care
No full textContext
Understanding the impact of palliative care on patient outcomes is crucial for enhancing end-of-life care.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine changes in perceived distress among patients receiving inpatient palliative care.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from a palliative care unit in central Taiwan between January and December 2021. Patients were categorized into “survived to discharge” and “non-survivor” groups based on discharge status. The Symptom Assessment Scale (SAS) was used to measure subjective distress daily during hospitalization. SAS scores on the admission day were compared to days 3 and 7, with changes analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results
A total of 191 patients were included in the study. Significant differences in symptom intensity changes were observed for sleep disturbance, appetite problems, bowel issues, breathing difficulties, fatigue, and pain during the first week of hospitalization. In the “non-survivor” group, improvements in pain were noted over time; however, distress related to appetite, bowel function, and fatigue worsened. Conversely, the “survived to discharge” group showed continuous improvement in sleep disturbance and breathing distress throughout the hospitalization period.
Conclusion
This study offers insights into how inpatient palliative care differentially influences perceived distress based on patients’ end-of-life stage. Enhancements in palliative care approaches are needed to more comprehensively support patients, particularly those nearing the end of life.補正完畢DE
Modification induced by 120 MeV Ag ion irradiation in ZnS
No full textWe report the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnS thin films before and after swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation of 120 MeV Ag ions. These films were deposited by the spin coating method on the glass substrate and irradiated at various ion fluencies from 1 × 1011 to 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. The Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible transmittance, Photoluminescence (PL), and Raman Spectroscopy were used to characterize these ZnS thin films. The GIXRD patterns show a mixed phase of cubic and hexagonal structure after the ion irradiation. The crystallite sizes of pure and irradiated films are significantly modified. Raman spectroscopy shows a slight increase in the intensity of the 3LO mode of ZnS on irradiation. The SEM image shows nanoflake-like structures in pristine, and the irradiated thin films depict various morphologies (rod, platy, and sphere-like). UV–visible shows a cut-off wavelength at 339 nm and the spectra are blue-shifted with the increase in ion fluence. The Tauc plots reveal the increase in the band gap. The intensity of PL decreases with ion irradiation. Hence the analytical results show that the structural and optical properties of ZnS thin films are altered on swift heavy ion irradiation which may have potential applications in optoelectronic applications.補正完畢NL
Novel heterostructure-based CoFe and cobalt oxysulfide nanocubes for effective bifunctional electrocatalytic water and urea oxidation
No full textThe development of effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) on heterostructure electrocatalysts with specific interfaces and characteristics provides a distinctive character. In this study, heterostructure nanocubes (NCs) comprising inner cobalt oxysulfide (CoOS) NCs and outer CoFe (CF) layered double hydroxide (LDH) are developed using a hydrothermal methodology. During the sulfidation process, the divalent sulfur ions (S2−) are released from the breakdown of the sulfur source and react with the Co-precursors on the surface leading to the transformation of CoOH nanorods into CoOS nanocubes. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses reveal that the interactions at the interface of the CF@CoOS NCs significantly altered the electronic structure, thus enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. The optimal catalysts exhibited effective OER and UOR activities, the attained potentials are 1.51 and 1.36 V. This remarkable performance is attributable to the induction of electron transfer from the CoFe LDH to CoOS, which reduces the energy barrier of the intermediates for the OER and UOR. Furthermore, an alkaline water and urea two-cell electrolyzer assembled using CF@CoOS-2 NCs and Pt/C as the anode and cathode requires a cell voltage of 1.63 and 1.56 V along with a durability performance.補正完畢DE
Fidelity and Entanglement of Random Bipartite Pure States: Insights and Applications
No full textWe investigate the fidelity of Haar random bipartite pure states from a fixed reference quantum state and their bipartite entanglement. By plotting the fidelity and entanglement on perpendicular axes, we observe that the resulting plots exhibit non-uniform distributions. The distribution depends on the entanglement of the fixed reference quantum state used to quantify the fidelity of the random pure bipartite states. We find that the average fidelity of typical random pure bipartite qubits within a narrow entanglement range with respect to a randomly chosen fixed bipartite qubit is
. Extending our study to higher dimensional bipartite qudits, we find that the average fidelity of typical random pure bipartite qudits with respect to a randomly chosen fixed bipartite qudit remains constant within a narrow entanglement range. The values of these constants are
, with d being the dimension of the local Hilbert space of the bipartite qudit system, suggesting a consistent relationship between entanglement and fidelity across different dimensions. The probability distribution functions of fidelity with respect to a product state are analytically studied and used as a reference for the benchmarking of distributed quantum computing devices.補正完畢US
Using large multimodal models to predict outfit compatibility
No full textOutfit coordination is a direct way for people to express themselves. However, judging the compatibility between tops and bottoms requires considering multiple factors such as color and style. This process is time-consuming and prone to errors. In recent years, the development of large language models and large multi-modal models has transformed many application fields. This study aims to explore how to leverage these models to achieve breakthroughs in fashion outfit recommendations. This research combines the keyword response text from the large language model Gemini in the Vision Question Answering (VQA) task with the deep feature fusion technology of the large multi-modal model Beit3. By providing only image data of the clothing, users can evaluate the compatibility of tops and bottoms, making the process more convenient. Our proposed model, the Large Multi-modality Language Model for Outfit Recommendation (LMLMO), outperforms previously proposed models on the FashionVC and Evaluation3 datasets. Moreover, experimental results show that different types of keyword responses have varying impacts on the model, offering new directions and insights for future research補正完畢US
Support vector machines and model selection for control chart pattern recognition
No full textResource-intensiveness often occurs in modern industrial settings; meanwhile, common issues and irregular patterns in production can lead to defects and variations in work-piece dimensions, negatively impacting products and increasing costs. Utilizing traditional process control charts to monitor the process and identify potential anomalies is expensive when intensive resources are needed. To conquer these downsides, algorithms for control chart pattern recognition (CCPR) leverage machine learning models to detect non-normality or normality and ensure product quality is established, and novel approaches that integrate the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) methods with the model selection criterion, named SVM-, RF-, and KNN-CCPR, respectively, are proposed. The three CCPR approaches can save sample resources in the initial process monitoring, improve the weak learner’s ability to recognize non-normal data, and include normality as a special case. Simulation results and case studies show that the proposed SVM-CCPR method outperforms the other two competitors with the highest recognition rate and yields favorable performance for quality control.補正完畢CH
Comparing the Carpal Tunnel Area and Carpal Boundaries in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Healthy Volunteers: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
No full textBackground: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve (MN) within the carpal tunnel, which causes pain, paresthesia, or altered sensation. While a small carpal tunnel area is considered a risk factor for CTS, varying carpal tunnel dimensions in CTS patients have been obtained via axial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: In this retrospective study, MR images from 49 CTS patients and 38 healthy controls were analyzed to investigate differences in the carpal tunnel area and carpal boundaries between the groups and to explore the relationships of these parameters with CTS severity. Results: Our findings revealed that compared with the controls, CTS patients presented significantly larger cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the MN and carpal tunnel and increased MN flattening ratios. The CSAs of the MN showed moderate positive correlations with severity (r = 0.395, p < 0.001), symptom score (r = 0.354, p < 0.001), and disability score (r = 0.300, p < 0.001), while the carpal tunnel area showed weaker but significant correlations with severity (r = 0.268, p = 0.002), symptom score (r = 0.173, p = 0.026), and disability score (r = 0.183, p = 0.018). The ratios of the MN CSA to those of the carpal tunnel, the interior carpal boundary (ICB), the exterior carpal boundary (ECB), and the wrist were disproportionately greater in the CTS patients. Among them, both the MN-to-ICB and MN-to-ECB ratios had fair to good diagnostic values (area under the curve = 0.725 and 0.794, respectively). Conclusions: These results highlight the utility of MRI-derived CSA measurements and ratios in identifying pathophysiological changes in CTS patients, particularly crowding of the MN inside the carpal tunnel. Further studies are recommended to refine MRI-based diagnostic protocols for CTS.補正完畢CH
Direct Ultrasound Synthesis of Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst for Partial Oxidation of N-Butane to Maleic Anhydride
No full textThree vanadyl pyrophosphate catalyst were prepared via direct ultrasound technique using organic, sesquihydrate and dihydrate routes, denoted as VPOuo, VPOus and VPOud respectively. Catalysts were synthesised in N-butane/air mixture based exclusively on direct ultrasound technique. All catalysts exhibited well crystallised (VO)2P2O7. VPOus and VPOud demonstrated α II-VOPO4, which led to rise in vanadium average oxidation state. The catalysts were showing O1s approximate 530 eV, comparable P2p value and V2p 3/2 at approximate 517 eV, providing vanadium oxidation state of approx. 4.0–4.2. Secondary structure composed of thin plate-like crystals in different sizes agglomerate to each other due to cavitation effect were observed in field emission scanning electron microscope. High resolution transmission electron microscope demonstrated the existence of polycrystalline phase. The nature of the oxidants was investigated by temperature-programmed reduction in H2. VPOus showed highest amount of total removal of oxygen species suggesting that it had highest activity compared to VPOuo and VPOud. The measurement of X-ray absorption near edge structure demonstrated incidence of vanadium oxide reductions in the flow of hydrogen, which indicates V4+ and V5+ presence. Catalytic tests demonstrated that the activity and selectivity to maleic anhydride increased with direct ultrasound technique. This research has shown that the catalysts production time can be reduced to 2 hours and giving polycrystalline particles compared to conventional method.補正完畢US
Artificial Immune Network with Feature Selection for Bank Term Deposit Recommendation
No full textThis paper proposes an artificial immune network approach combined with feature selection techniques for bank term deposit recommendation. The method utilizes immune system principles to identify optimal feature subsets and improve prediction accuracy in banking marketing campaigns. The proposed algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to traditional machine learning methods in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. Experimental results on real banking datasets show significant improvements in customer targeting and conversion rates.補正完畢TW