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High-performance and robust 3D perovskite solar cells enabled by self-assembled amphiphilic molecules
No full textIn this study, the amphiphilic molecule octyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB) was integrated into 3D triple-cation lead mixed-halide (CsFAMA) perovskite films, forming a self-assembled layer on the perovskite surface. This modification significantly enhanced water resistance and elevated the energy band levels by forming an interfacial dipole, which effectively reduced carrier reverse recombination by blocking the diffusion of photogenerated electrons. OTAB also improved surface smoothness, film uniformity, and promoted a face-on crystal orientation. Additionally, the bromide ions in OTAB effectively passivated defects, thereby suppressing ion migration and mitigating non-radiative recombination. As a result, OTAB-based devices exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.61 %, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 25.36 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.10 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 81.36 %. These devices also demonstrated exceptional stability, retaining 100 % of their initial PCE after 3312 h under 50 % relative humidity at 25 °C, and maintaining 80 % of their original efficiency (T80 lifetime) after 2160 h at 65 °C and 1310 h at 85 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The successful incorporation of this amphiphilic molecule paves the way for significant advancements in photovoltaic technology.補正完畢TW
A Hybrid Bidirectional Full-Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter With Dual-Resonant Frequency for Enhancing Efficiency at Light-to-Medium loads
No full textThe symmetric capacitor-inductor-inductor-capacitor (CLLC) resonant converter is a key component in electric power conversion systems, used for interfacing with dc voltage buses in applications such as renewable energy sources, battery energy storage in electric vehicles (EVs), and dc microgrids. It is favored for its bidirectional power transfer, high power density, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for primary power switches, and soft commutation for output rectifiers. However, a significant drawback of the CLLC converter is the high operating frequency at light loads, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. To overcome this problem, this article introduces a hybrid CLLC converter that can dynamically switch between full-bridge (FB) and half-bridge (HB) configurations, as well as adjust the resonant frequency based on load conditions. This hybrid approach allows the converter to operate in an HB configuration and adjust its resonant frequency, reducing the switching frequency during light-to-medium loads and thus enhancing operating efficiency. A prototype with a 2-kW power rating, designed to connect a 400-Vdc bus to an 800-Vdc bus, was tested. The experimental results confirmed the proposed converter’s effectiveness, demonstrating improved efficiency under light-to-medium load conditions.National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan補正完畢US
Hydrogen-Sensitive Antisymmetric Magnetoresistance in Co/Pd Multilayers Driven by Anomalous Hall Effect and Domain Wall Motion
No full textWe report tunable antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) in Co/Pd multilayers, governed by the interplay among current direction, magnetization orientation, domain wall dynamics, and hydrogen absorption. Under ambient conditions, the presence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and domain wall motion gives rise to a pronounced antisymmetric MR. Through a combination of magneto-optical Kerr microscopy and magnetotransport measurements, we attribute this behavior to the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) inherent in the PMA state. Upon hydrogen exposure ranging from a vacuum of 1 × 10–3 mbar to 1 bar H2, the magnetization of the Co/Pd multilayers undergoes a spin reorientation transition, progressively tilting from the out-of-plane direction toward the in-plane orientation, as evidenced by a reduction in remanence from 100% to nearly 20%. This reorientation is accompanied by a pronounced shift of approximately 50 Oe in the MR spike, observable even under low H2 pressures up to 40 mbar. At higher hydrogen pressures approaching 1 bar, the AHE signal decreases by more than 70%, while the asymmetric MR spikes under a perpendicular magnetic field diminish from 0.1% to nearly 0.0%. In contrast, symmetric MR spikes of about 0.05% appear under in-plane magnetic fields, confirming the emergence of in-plane anisotropy. These findings demonstrate the pronounced hydrogen sensitivity of the MR spike shift, amplitude, and symmetry in Co/Pd multilayers, establishing a controllable platform for tuning spin-dependent transport with promising potential for multifunctional spintronic sensing applications.補正完畢US
Articulating the Archives Use Abilities Required for History Researchers: Comparing the User Expertise in Archives Model and Five Archival Literacy Guidelines
No full text補正完畢TW
〈《直解》、《行實》與《圖說》─明清時期西方傳教士對中國古籍形式的模仿、繼承與開展
No full text明清時期耶穌會士的漢籍著作與中國文化關係的研究，在晚近二十年有越發蓬勃的趨勢。 這可能和越來越多天主教文獻被整理出版，以及散落各地的文獻被數位化有很大的關連。 這些研究大抵可以歸納為幾個主要的方向：天主教的本土（中國）化過程、西文漢譯的問題、中國經典的基督教詮釋、傳教士的語言學習過程、天主教教義與儒、釋、道思想的碰撞、衝突與調合、西學東傳、中學西傳、以及漢籍在域外的流傳……等。從文獻最初被撰作的訴求來看，其目的固然是源於宗教；但宗教之外，牽引出的卻是更多的面向與糾葛，它提供了許多領域既有框架之外的另一種思索，也讓原本隸屬於宗教的，不局限於宗教；所謂的經典詮釋，詮釋的也不僅只是經典。
檢視已經出版（主要是收藏在梵帝岡圖書館、徐家匯藏書樓，以及法國國家圖書館、耶穌會羅馬檔案館）的天主教漢文典籍，有三類著作出現的頻率頗高，特別引起筆者的注意。這三類著作，分別是「《直解》」、「《行實》」與「《圖說》」。
從中國經書的詮釋史來看，元明時期乃至於民國以後，大量出現名為《直解》的著作。這些著作多以淺近直白的方式，詮釋艱深難懂的經書；像是元代儒者許衡（1209-1281），便著有《大學直解》、《中庸直解》；明張居正(1525-1582)，撰有《書經直解》、《四書直解》、《通鑑直解》、《武經七書直解》、《女誡直解》；民國以後，類似像陳子展（1898-1990）《詩經直解》的著作，就更不可勝數了。這都說明在經書的詮釋系統中，始終存有這樣的形式 ；它讓古奧變得較為淺白，因此很容易流傳。據此，天主教漢籍文獻中，會出現像陽瑪諾的《聖經直解》；梵帝岡圖書館會收藏《四書直解》、《通鑑直解》（張居正撰） ，《幼學須知直解》、《上諭直解》等著作……，應非偶然。
如果說，《直解》揭示的是經典背後的意涵，那麼，《行實》所呈現的就是撰者對傳主生平事蹟的擷取。一般來說，《行實》多呈現人的光明面，除非有特別的原因；尤其當撰者與傳主存有特殊關係時，隱惡揚善往往是常態。但人生本來就是許多片斷組合成的，何者該寫，何者該捨，何者該放大，何者該無視，去取之間，盡是玄機。天主教漢籍文獻中出現的「《行實》」，數量頗多，以法國國家圖書館所藏的中文文獻而言，至少有《皇清敕封太孺人徐太宜人行實》（許玉撰）、《聖若瑟行實》（陽瑪諾撰）、《聖女羅洒行實》（羅森鐸撰）、《聖玻耳日亞行實》（無名氏）、《古聖行實》（無名氏）、《衫松行實》（無名氏）、《聖母行實》（高一志撰）、《天主教聖人行實》（高一志撰）、《聖父方濟各行實》(恩若瑟撰)等。從境界來說，有聖有凡；就性別而論，有男有女；就身份而言，有華有洋。這些出之以「行實」為名的傳記，不論就撰者或傳主而言，均因西方宗教的涉入，而有或深或淺的轉化，因此，若有本土敘事的比對，當能看出不同背景的詮釋。
至於「《圖說》」。天主教漢籍文獻中收有大量的《圖說》，像是(比)南懷仁(Ferdinand Verbiest)(1623-1688)的《坤輿圖說》、徐光啟和（德） 湯若望(Johann Adam Schall von Bell)(1591-1666)合作的《恆星經緯圖說》、李之藻(Ly Leam)(1565-1630)《渾蓋通憲圖說》、南懷仁《驗氣圖說》、(德)鄧玉函(Johann Schrech)(1576-1630)《遠西奇器圖說》、鄧玉函與畢拱辰(？-1644)合作的《人身圖說》……等，堪稱「上至天文，下至地理」，無所不包。這些結合「圖」與「文」（說）的著作，從「物質」到「精神」，建構出一個連結東方與西方的繽紛世界。然而檢視這一再出現的「《圖說》」二字，很難不讓人連想到中國學術史上鼎鼎有名的周敦頤（1017-1073）的《太極圖說》。從249個字的抽象宇宙觀，到橫跨醫學、機械、天文、地理……的科普知識，從十一世紀的歷史公案，發展為各種新學科的展場；《圖說》這類著作所體現的世界，恐怕難以一語道盡。補正完畢TW
On My Way Youth Hostel: From Backpacker to Entrepreneur
No full text「Hostel」(常翻譯為青年旅舍或背包客棧)提供旅行背包客以床位為主的住宿服務，在國際間非常普遍，其服務型態不同於強調私人空間的旅館(hotel)，而是保留較高比例的公共空間，營造旅客與旅客之間互動、交流的環境。在台灣，因尚未針對「hostel」營業項目訂立法規，多數懷抱hostel創業理想的創業團隊，因無力符合合法旅館或民宿的立案要求，大多屬未合法立案。本個案以國內少數「合法立案」的青年旅舍「途中台北國際青年旅舍」的創業過程為主軸，以「創業」與「開放式創新」為教學核心，解析創辦人由自己的旅行經驗出發，經歷諸多困難，以迴異於傳統企業經營的作法，成功創辦符合法令規範的青年旅舍的過程。教學設計以「創業」與「開放式創新」做為教學討論的主軸，以創業模式架構觀點(TimmonsandSpinellis2008)，討論分析創辦人以「開放式創新」(ChesbroughandGarman2009)的精神，在混沌未明的環境平衡「機會」、「團隊」、「資源」三個創業驅動元素，以不同於一般新創公司的做法，在網路平台分享創業計畫、募資、集結創業團隊，在面對動態、不斷改變、未知與風險的過程中將其夢想成真的過程。本個案教學可提供創業管理、觀光管理、服務管理、餐旅管理、行銷管理等課程使用，並可延伸討論與網路社群、創新服務、服務行銷、商業模式等議題。補正完畢TW
Review of the 15th International Academic Symposium of the East Asia Administrative Law Association
No full text第十五屆東亞行政法學會學術研討會在中國哈爾濱舉行，主題為「數字技術與行政法」，吸引了台灣、韓國、日本及中國的學者深入探討數位化技術對現代行政法的多層面影響。本次會議聚焦於數據匯集、自動化決策、數據共享、數位平台的治理責任及隱私保護等議題，討論了數位技術應用在行政決策中面臨的法治挑戰。學者們指出，在數位轉型中，數據管理的透明性、責任歸屬和合法性至關重要，特別是在跨國數據協作、自動化系統決策及平台社會責任方面，強調應通過建立評估機制和加強法律保障來控制風險。德國、歐盟、日本及韓國的數位法規經驗成為討論重點，並啟發了法制建設的多角度視野。本次會議深化了東亞各國在數字技術法制化方面的合作與對話，為未來在公共治理和法規創新中的法治需求提供了寶貴參考。補正完畢TW
Effect of Meteorological and Geographical Factors on the Epidemics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Island-Type Territory, East Asia
No full textHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has threatened East Asia for more than three decades and has become an important public health issue owing to its severe sequelae and mortality among children. The lack of effective treatment and vaccine for HFMD highlights the urgent need for efficiently integrated early warning surveillance systems in the region. In this study, we try to integrate the available surveillance and weather data in East Asia to elucidate possible spatiotemporal correlations and weather conditions among different areas from low to high latitude. The general additive model (GAM) was applied to understand the association between HFMD and latitude, as well as meteorological factors for islands in East Asia, namely, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, from 2012 to 2014. The results revealed that latitude was the most important explanatory factor associated with the timing and amplitude of HFMD epidemics (P < 0.0001). Meteorological factors including higher dew point, lower visibility, and lower wind speed were significantly associated with the rise of epidemics (P < 0.01). In summary, weather conditions and geographic location could play some role in affecting HFMD epidemics. Regional integrated surveillance of HFMD in East Asia is needed for mitigating the disease risk.補正完畢US