Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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High Density Planting of Peaches under Protected Structure Practice in Italy
No full text筆者等參加1990年8月在義大利翡冷翠(Firenze)舉辦之23屆國際園藝學會，會後參觀薩丁尼亞的中央試驗場之高密度桃設施栽培，謹將所見所聞整理成文提供園藝界朋友參考。
Summary 23rd International Horticultural Congress was held on August 1990, at Firenze, Italy. The authors attended the congress and pout-congress excursion on high density planting of peaches under protected structure located at Sardinia, central experiment station. Here is a report on what we have seen
An Appraisal of Cultivar Improvement for Persian Walnut and Pecan
No full text首先比較長山核桃[pecan, Carya illnoensis (Wang) K. Koch]與波斯核桃（或稱核桃）(Persian walnut, walnut, Juglans regia L.)兩種作物間生長習性、強制演化與產業發展的差異。其次探討核桃18個性狀中，遺傳率與其外表型間的相關性，以尋求直接影響產量的主要性狀。從遺傳率的研究中，發現篩選側枝的結實性(fruitfulness of lateral shoots)與側枝的生長勢，是提升核桃產量潛能中的遺傳獲得量(genetic gain)最經濟、有效的方法。相反的長山核桃品種改良只著重於產量、品質與抗病育種，而未曾建立一套有效的選拔策略，以致育種成效不彰，此一情形與目前台灣果樹育種的遭遇大致相同。波斯核桃育種成功的例子或許可爲本省果樹育種研究方向的參考模式。
Different growth habits, evolutionary constraints and industry constraints of pecan and walnut were comparatively studied. Then heritabilities and phenotypic correlations among 18 traits of walnut (Juglans regal L.) were discussed in order to find the main characteristics which directly related to the yield potential. It was found that the most effective and efficient means of improving the rate of genetic gain for yield potential in walnut hut been performed by selecting for fruitfulness and vigor of lateral shoots. On the other band, pecan breeding mainly emphasized on yield, quality and disease resistance so that did not have a powerful selection strategy. Methods in fruit breeding of Taiwan encountered the same problem as pecan. The successful walnut breeding may provide a model for the fruit breeding program in Taiwan
Effect of Bagging on Fruit Growth and Quality of 'Wentan' Pummelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) and the Temperature Inside the Bag
No full text爲探討不同時期套袋對文旦果實生長與品質的影響，五月下旬起，每一個月套袋一次，至七月底止，共三次。第一次套白色紙袋，第二次及第三次分別套白色及棕色紙袋，不套袋者爲對照。八月中旬至下旬調查袋之溫度變化。日間袋內之氣溫較外界氣溫可提高9℃,夜間袋內與外界之氣溫幾無差異。日間袋內溫度變化明顯地受到日照強度的影響。日間袋內相對溼度較袋外低5%至10%，夜間袋內與袋外之差異甚小。就整個試驗期間比較，最早套袋者，果實之生長率最低，但未達顯著差異。採收後一週進行品質分析。結果顯示果實之主要特性包括體積、果重、果形指數、比重、皮厚、果皮質地、糖度、風味等在各處理間均未達顯著差異。果皮顔色之差異主要爲明度（L值），套白色袋者較套棕色袋或不套袋者明度大，達到極顯著的差異。但此一顔色差異甚有限，並不易由肉眼察覺。
To investigate the effect of bagging on fruit growth and quality of ‘Wentan' pummelo, the fruits were bagged with white or brown paper bags on 24th May, 26th June und 25th July. Fruit sizes were measured on each days of bagging and on September 11th after the fruits were harvested. Temperatures inside the bags in different positions of the canopy were recorded from middle to late August.
The results showed that fruit characters including size, weight, specific gravity, fruit shape, rind thickness, rind texture, sugar content and flavor were not significantly different among the treatments. In day time the temperature differences inside and outside the bags can be as high as 9℃. The differences of relative humidities were 5 to 10%. The temperatures increased inside the bags were related to the intensity of solar radiation. The growth rate of fruits which bagged earliest was lowest, but that was not significantly different among the treatments.
The color of fruit peel was analyzed on one day and one week after harvesting. L values of the fruits bugged with white bag were higher than those of the fruits bagged with brown bag or without bagging, but the a and b values were nut significantly different among the treatments. These results explained that the fruits without bagging were a little dark greener than the other treatments, but the difference was not much that it can not be visually distinguished
Isozyme Variation and Inheritance in Inbred Lines of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
No full text利用澱粉膠體或聚丙烯醘氨膠體電泳分析胡瓜自交系的同功異構酵素變異性，結果有三種酵素具有多型性。蘋果酸去氫酶(MDH)顯示6-8個條帶區，其命名依酵素之移動性朝正極最性者爲1，依此類推。帶區1及3各有兩條移動性不同之條帶(1a, 1b, 3a, 3b)；帶區4在本試驗中顯示一個條帶；帶區2, 5,及6各爲單條帶型；所有自交系均具有不變的帶區2；另外在帶區3、4、5、6也發現有不具酵素活性的空白區，可以是由null allele所控制合成；帶區7及8含一至數個條帶，其解析度較低，無法判斷是否具有變異性；帶區3, 4, 5及6爲子葉特異條帶，在本葉無法偵測到，屬於子葉特異同功異構酶。依各自交系所含不同MDH條帶區之種類，可以分爲一種類型（A，B及C型）。磷酸葡萄糖酸去氫酶(PGD)帶區可分爲PGD-1及PGD-2，快速移動條帶區(1)具有兩個條帶（1a及1b），因此不同自交系可依此將表現型分爲PGD-A或B型，慢速移動條帶區(2)之移動性在所有自交系均相同；在乾燥種子或幼功子葉中均中染出PGD酵素活性。莽草酸去氫酶(SKDH)有兩型，每型均由一群移動較快且較淡色及一條較慢且深染的條帶群組成，兩型之間慢移動條帶的染色較深，且其移動性具有差異，不同自交系亦可分爲SKDH-A或B型，以各型之較慢一條帶可做遺傳分析。將具不同多型性自交系間雜交或回交，以進行遺傳分析，結果顯示Mdh-1，Pgd-1及Skdh-1均各爲由一個基因座的兩個共顯性等位基因所控制；MDH-3, MDH-4條帶區若無null band，則其遺傳模式和上述相同；若具有空白的null band，則其遺傳模式較複雜，目前仍不清礎。具多型性之MDH，PGD及SKDH三種酵素可作爲一代雜交種子純度或育種親本鑑定之標示因子。
Starch gel and polyacrylamide get electrophoresis were used to analyse isozyme polymorphism in 15 inbred lines of cucumber (Cucumis sativys L.) and C. hardwickii inbred. Three enzyme systems were found to be polymorphic, including malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH). A null allele in the MDH-3, MDH-4, and MDH-5 activity zones, winch belong to cotyledon specific isozymes, were detected in some inbred tines. Its mode of inheritance still needs to be elucidated. Genetic analyses of backcross and F2 generations showed that Mdh-1、Pgd-1 and Skdh-1 were all inherited as a single Incas with two alleles, respectively. Mdh-3 locus, when in non-null state, was also controlled by two alleles
臺灣白木耳之栽培 兼介其烹飪方法
No full textThe white jelly fungus, Tremena fueiformis Berk., has been successfully mass-cultivated in Taiwan. Its cultivation methods, including spawn preparation, bed-log preparation, inoculation, laying and raising, cropping and washing, drying and storing, are herein introduced. Its cooking methods are also recommended, such as stir-fried white jelly mushroom with peanuts, white jelly mushroom salad, white jelly mushroom with shrimp, white jelly mushroom with soybean paste, stir-fried white jelly mushroom with green garlic, white jelly mushroom soup, and jellied white jelly mushrooms.
白木耳在臺灣大量栽培成功。其栽培方法包括準備菌種、準備源木、接種技術、原木堆積、採收與亁燥與眝等術均要介之。用檬果木材接種，在20~25℃下35~45天培養菌絲,然後將木段立排列,在20~27℃及相對濕度85~95%下產生菇,收後以50℃漸胮至40℃乾燥8小時。由臺南區農改良硏究改良之7道白木耳烹飪法食譜，包括銀耳炒花生、涼拌銀耳、蝦仁溜銀耳、豆瓣銀耳、蒜炒銀耳、銀耳焿及銀耳凍等亦一併介之
