Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Institutional RepositoryNot a member yet
10534 research outputs found
Sort by
西印度櫻桃落花落果防治再試驗
No full text1. 質生系統之西印度櫻桃，不同植株間之果實產量差異極大，本試驗區20株中產量最高若為:E,E2,B3,E3及C2, 其全年產量分別為: 92. 565公斤; 50.940公斤; 32.625公斤; 29. 675公斤; 22. 730企斤及18. 110公斤。其他植株之產量僅數公斤。
2. 為保證西印度日桃英之產量可靠性，可循治本與治標兩途以求解決， 選出優良晶體， 進行無性繁殖， 為治本; 對結果不良植株使用噴藥措施則為治標。本試驗之目的在解決治標問題。
3.西印度櫻桃產量之高低與個別植株(individuals)之結果習性或結果率有關，凡結果率高者，其產量必高， 各植株之開花數均及豐盛，由于開花數不足而影響產量之可能性極少。若干植株之產量低落，其基本原因落花落果現象過于嚴重。
4 . 濃度為12.5ppm. 之2. 4 -D 水溶液， 對防治西印度櫻桃之落花落果，確屬有效。在適當施肥情形下，並適于連續處理而不影響樹休之發育與果實產量。本試鼓所選兩供試植株， 其全年自然產量C3為2 . 09公斤; D3為2 .13公斤，但經4次噴藥後之產量則C3為77. 715公斤; D3f為57.055公斤。前者增加37.2倍，後者增加26.8倍
Studies on the Effects of Some Fungicides on the Three Important Causal Fungi of Rice Diseases
No full textApplication of control-release formulation of biochemical reagent in the integrated pest control
No full textIn order to prolong the releasing period of pest pheromone and stabilize the active
components, a paste formulation containing microencapsulated insect sex pheromone was initiated. The microcapsule was formed through the polymerization between the oil phase and aqueous phase. The pheromone molecules were encapsulated inside the hollow space of the capsule as core materials that were surrounded by the polymeric shell. The suspension liquid was then mixed with xanthan gum to form a paste that could be applied in the trap of the target species for monitoring and male annihilation. The microcapsule paste formulation of sex pheromones were prepared for tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.), diamond-back moth (Plutella xylostella L.), and rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), respectively. Results of the field tests on the controlled-releasing rates showed that the male pest attraction of the microcapsule paste formulation is effective over 60 days for tobacco cutworm and over 45 days for diamond-back moth and rice stem borer. The head-space GC-MS analyses showed the all the active pheromone molecules are stable during the releasing period in the field with the introduction of anti-oxidant reagent. The most appropriate distance between two traps for male annihilation was evaluated. For diamond-back moth, a modified trap integrated the light luring with pheromone attraction was designed. The best parameters of this trap toward attracting the moth were evaluated using Taguchi methods. Our results suggest that the proposed microcapsule paste formulation of sex pheromones could prolong the releasing period of pheromone lure and maintain the stability of the active compounds in it. Moreover, the microcapsule paste formulation is compatible with other methods in pest control. All these characteristics suggest that microcapsule paste formulation has its potential to facilitate the application of integrated pest control strategy
Control strategy for rice stripe virus transmitted by small brown plant hopper (Laodelphax striatellus)
No full textRice stripe virus (RSV) causes chlorotic stripes, mottling, and necrotic streaks on rice leaves (Oryza sativa), resulting in a loss of production. RSV disease mainly occurs in Asian countries, including Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and China. In Japan, the disease devastated rice production from 1960 to 1985, and subsided thereafter owing to the introduction of new varieties resistant to RSV. However, its incidence has begun to increase again since 2004. Its vector, small brown plant hopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) persistently transmit RSV, and transmitted it from female adults to their progeny via egg. In this presentation, the molecular characteristics of transovarial transmission of RSV in SBPH are introduced. Countermeasures including adjusted timing of pesticide application and use of resistant varieties are discussed
An hierarchical method for identifying current and emerging pest threats under climate change uncertainty
No full textPest threats to agriculture depend primarily on the climate suitability of the pest risk area and the susceptibility of the hosts being grown there. There are a number of efficient and robust techniques available to identify pest threats under historical climatic conditions. It is possible to identify lists of risky pest species, estimate the suitability of the climate in the pest risk area, including the pest phenology, and even estimate the economic risk the species might pose, given climate suitability and knowledge of the hosts’ distribution within the pest risk area. The more detailed the information on the risks that is sought, the more expensive and time-consuming the techniques. Hence, a structured, hierarchical approach is generally to be preferred. Considering climate change effects on pest risks is only now gaining traction, some 15 years after the techniques were first pioneered. Some pest risk techniques are inherently more suited to exploring pest risks under climate change than others. Climatic changes due to the greenhouse effect are difficult to predict because the key forcing functions driving changes in the climate are greenhouse gas emissions, and these are driven by socio-economic and geopolitical factors that are inherently uncertain at timescales that are relevant for assessing pest risks. While our ability to forecast weather systems and to hindcast climate patterns continues to improve, our ability to forecast climate changes remains stubbornly constrained by uncertainty regarding future greenhouse gas emission patterns. In turn, this constrains our ability to forecast the future climate suitability patterns for pest organisms and their hosts. While we can confidently generate future climate patterns based on emissions scenarios, we are unsure which scenario is likely to be realised. Logically, managing emerging risks under such intractable uncertainty demands a special approach based on a sensitivity analysis. In this paper we outline a hierarchical method for identifying pest risks and demonstrate some of these pest risk methods in the context of Taiwan, generating insect pest risk lists and potential distribution maps for two case study pests. We also outline a method for managing emerging pest risks under climate change uncertainty
