Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Effect of Solar Radiation on the Titratable Acidity and Organic Acid Contents of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)
No full text本研究探討果實採收前3天之累計日照量，對‘台農13號’及‘台農17號’鳳梨果實品質之影響；另根據氣象資料搜集記錄器所得之數據，於不同日照量之環境下，採取10個鳳梨品種植株之完全展開葉中段，測其可滴定酸和有機酸含量，並進行相關性分析及利用葉片速測法推測果實酸度之可行性評估。結果顯示，採前3天日照量越高，則鳳梨果實中的可滴定酸較低，但對可溶性固形物含量相關不顯著。鳳梨葉片的可滴定酸及有機酸含量，隨品種及日照量的不同而有差異，日照量在5.0Kw/平方公尺時，葉片酸含量較日照量爲1.3 Kw/平方公尺的葉片酸含量低。當可滴定酸增加時，蘋果酸及檸檬酸的含量隨之增加。‘台農17號’葉片的檸檬酸含量，似乎較不受日照量之影響。
In this study we recorded the cumulative solar radiation amount received by the plants during the three-day period immediately prior to the harvest to find out the influence, if any, of such amount on the fruit quality of 'TN13' and 'TN17' pineapple varieties. Besides, according to the data shown by a meteorology information collection recorder, at various environment circumstances with different solar radiation levels, we took the meddle section of completely expanded leaves of ten cultivars pineapple strains to measure their contents of titratable acids and organic acids. Our objective was to carry out relevant analyses and hopefully to obtain some practical and usable cultivating suggestions for better fruit quality, and to evaluate the feasibility of using a leaf blade quick indirect assay for implicating acidity of the fruit. Our result revealed that the higher the total solar radiation received during the three-day period before the harvest, the lower the titratable acidity would be in the fruit, but the radiation seemed to have little effect on the content of their total soluble solids. As to the influences of solar radiation on the titratable acidity and the content of organic acids, they were quite different in the case of different pineapple strains as well as different solar radiation. For instance, under a solar radiation of 5.0 Kw/m^2, the acid content in the leaf blades turned out to be somewhat lower than such content under another of 1.3 Kw/m^2. Whenever titratable acidity increased, both contents of malic acid and citric acid would normally increase too. However, the citric acid content in 'TN17' leaf blades was not affected by the solar radiation
Potential Application of Immunoassay for the Detection of Pesticide Residues in Agriculture
No full textIn Taiwan, the Agricultural and Forestry Agency (AFA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) routinely monitor the pesticide residues in agricultural products; samples were collected from production districts, packing sites and all kinds of markets. Currently the multi-residue testing methods of pesticides promulgated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare can determine the residues of 373 pesticides or their metabolites. However, expenses for the installation of needed analytic instruments, labor, and other cost are too expensive for most people, besides it cannot prevent the risky shipments in time from further trade. A rapid bioassay of pesticide residues (RBPR) method targeting on the neurotoxic orgranophosphorus and carbamate insecticides was developed by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in 1985 using the acetylcholinesterases extracted from a susceptible housefly strain. In 2017, 360 RBPR stations inspected 1.26 million shipments and a total of 37 tons of agricultural products with toxicity risk were destroyed. Since many of these toxic insecticides were banned in the past two decades, research on developing immunoassay, aiming at 30 insecticides and fungicides that were frequently found in violated fruits and vegetables by FDA, was launched in 2011 to strengthen the RBPR stations with enhanced residue control capability. In a 4-year program, highly specific and sensitive antibodies against 18 pesticides as well as direct and indirect competitive ELISA protocols have been developed with the capability of reaching the detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 2.24 ppb. Commercial test strips and ELISA kits have been under development through technical transfer of the antibodies and the assay protocols to biotechnology companies since 2016. The first product is a test strip that can detect the residue of dimethomorph in 10 min with the cut-off value of 1 ppm. By making adequate dilutions during the extraction process, the rapid test is able to obtain the result that meets the tolerance standard of various crops, e.g., 0.6 ppm and 2.5 ppm for onion and small leafy vegetables, respectively
Studies on the Suitable Planting of Astragalus Sinicus As a Winter Paddy Green Manure and Its Ifluences to the Succeeding Crop of Rice
No full text一)本試驗分在臺北、新莊、宜蘭、桃園、新竹等五處舉行。 (二)本試驗設計，採用 4×4拉丁方排列，四種處理，重複 4次，小區面積 5×10公尺(???公頃)，其中臺北及宜蘭二地因試驗地不足，小區面積為 4×10公尺(???公頃)，後作水稻品種為臺中65號，每穴插苗4本，行株距為 25×22.5公分，其中臺北及宜蘭為種植16行，每行40株，其他三地則每小區種植 20行，每行 40株，收穫水稻時，各小區兩邊行，均不收穫。 (三)紫雲英行長 5公尺(在臺北及宜蘭二地行長為 4公尺)，行距 50公分，?每 2 行水稻播種 1行紫雲英，每小區共種 20行，每行用種子 5克，與種過紫雲英之土壤混合播下，其比率為 100克種子，用土壤 2公斤。本試驗於10月下旬至12月上旬，各地分別按期播種。紫雲英播種時與生長期間，不施任何肥料，至翌年第一期水稻移植前二週，在第一次整地時，將紫雲英翻入土中，作為綠肥。每試區中再施用磷酸石灰 400 克，硫酸鉀 250克，作為基肥。紫雲英犁入田中之數量，以每區(???公頃)不超過 50公斤為限。在水稻插秧後，第二次除草時，每試區施用硫酸錏 125克，作為追肥。 (四)紫雲英發芽情形，各地情形均極良好，由播種至始花期之日數為100~110天，紫雲英之鮮莖葉產量，各種處理間，均以水稻收穫前 15天糊仔播種者最高，其中新竹之產量最高。每公頃為 25,120公斤。其次臺北每公頃為 23,475公斤。宜蘭、新莊、桃園等三地，因排水不良或土壤酸度過高，故生長均不優良，產量亦極低。 (五)紫雲英之後作水稻產量，亦以水稻收穫前 15天糊仔播種紫雲英區為最高。對照區(未種紫雲英區)之榖粒收量最低。後作水稻乾榖收量之統計分析結果，以臺北之處理間差異極為顯著，?水稻收穫前 15天糊仔紫雲英區之產量高於其他三種處理區間達顯著程度。水稻收穫後整地及不整地播種紫雲英區間沒有差異，但均高於對照區達極顯著程度。其他各地，各種處理區間，其差異雖不顯著，但播種紫雲英區均較對照區之乾榖收量最高
Plant Testing (3): Influence of Leaf Age, season and Fertilization on Micronutrients in Tea Leaves
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Study of the Effect on Irrigation and Supplying Additional Amount of Fertilizers in Growing Stage of Jute
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A Preliminary Study on the Inheritance of Resistance of Rice to Different Races of Rice Blast Fungus (Piricularia Oryzae)
No full text單斜式溫室表面風壓之風洞試驗與數值模擬
No full text本研究利用風洞實驗及計算流體動力學模式研究單斜式溫室的表面風壓，以作為溫室結構耐風及通風設計之用。數值模式模擬之結果十分接近風洞實驗量測之風壓係數。且研究結果顯示：溫室迎風面風壓不受溫室縱深的影響，但縱深短的單棟溫室背風面的負風壓較長縱深的連棟溫室背風面的負風壓大，且連棟溫室屋頂的最大負壓發生於的第二棟溫室屋頂處，風向為180度時屋頂的負風壓大於風向為0度時屋頂的負風壓，設計溫室結構的抗風強度時必須注意其風壓係數之變化
蝴蝶蘭害蟲查詢糸統之運用
No full text本研究在不同溫室及網室之蝴蝶蘭有害生物相，建立蝴蝶蘭害蟲查詢糸統。針對美方對我國列名之檢疫有害生物，如斜紋夜盜 (Spodoptera litura (Fabr.))、台灣花薊馬 (Frankliniella intonsa Trybom)、太平洋臀紋粉介殼蟲 (Planococcus minor (Maskell)) 及扁蝸牛 (Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac)) 等檢疫害蟲，亦進行偵測工作。利用歷年調查所得的資料 (如種類、生物學資料、危害狀影像及其族群密度之消長等) 加以分析歸類，進而建立蝴蝶蘭重要有害生物預警系統，提供給相關業務執行者及研究人員查詢，以達到對重要有害生物即時預警及其防治建議，期能促進我國農產品之外銷競爭力