Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Oil adsorption ability of Miscanthus floridulus leaves determined using gold nanoparticles
No full textThis study was to demonstrate the possibility of using Miscanthus floridulus leaves to adsorb oils. The oil adsorption ability of Miscanthus leaves was approximately 3.59???0.19 and 3.91???0.15 (g oil/g leaves) for soybean oil and motor oil, respectively. The adsorption ability of Miscanthus leaves was directly visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscop (TEM) using gold nanoparticles that were adsorbed on the surface and edge of M. floridulus leaves. Changes in IR absorbance were used to exhibit specific interactions and the adsorption ability of M. floridulus leaves. The results showed M. floridulus leaves have hydrophobic structure on the leaf surface
臺灣水果外銷現況及輔導措施
No full text臺灣水果出口型態包括生鮮冷藏、果汁飲料及調製水果等，其中以生鮮冷藏型態為大宗（40%）、其次為果汁（35%）及調製水果（13%）。100年-102年臺灣生鮮冷藏水果平均外銷量為3.8萬公噸、3.6萬公噸及4.5萬公噸，主要外銷國家（地區）包括中國大陸、日本、韓國、香港、新加坡、美國及加拿大等。為積極拓展外銷市場，需建構優質安全之供應鏈，積極參與雙邊諮商爭取產品准入，並透過市場資訊調查分析、結合廣告宣傳與採行各項措施協助隊者佈建行銷通路，以及品種權海外佈局及行銷加值產品等，以建構整體性外銷體系
Mass production of Spiranthes sinensis Seedlings
No full text綬草為具觀賞與藥用的蘭科植物，由於人為採集目前已不常見，為了大量繁殖綬草的種苗，進行組織培養及菌根菌輔助綬草繁殖技術研發，結果顯示以授粉後20天成熟度果莢播種發芽率較佳，以l/2或l／榭S培養基添加MES及pePtone可提高種子發芽率。實生苗培植體在特定基鹽與蔗糖濃度的培養下，存活率可高達70.8％且生育良好，無褐化及玻璃質化現象發生。細胞分裂素與椰子水處理均可誘導培植體產生芽體，最高可獲得7個不定芽形成，過高濃度的細胞分裂素處理，培植體葉月易發生肥大扭曲且出現白化現象。組培苗經不同馴化處理方式其存活率可達85％以上。在菌根菌輔助綬草繁殖技術方面，以菌根菌先接種於培養基上，7天後播種其上綬草種子之發芽率73.2％最高，播種密度以0.2 g•m-2的種子用量表現最佳，栽培介質以溪砂加牛糞可使栽培之綬草收成達最高之鮮重。上述建立之技術，以非專屬授權方式技轉業者使用，生產綬草種苗。
Spiranthes sinensis is an orchid with ornamental and medicinal functions. Because people collected a lot, it has rarely seen. We established the tissue culture propagation system and used mycorrhizal fungi to increase seed germination to mass production seedlings of Spiranthes sinensis. The results showed that 20 days after pollination, the seed germination rate was higher than other treatments. Using 1/2 or 1/4MS with MES and peptone medium could increase seed germination. The explants of Spiranthes sinensis were grown well in fit salt-base strength and sucrose concentration, the survival rate of explants could be as high as 70.8%, and there were no browning and vitrification. Cytokinin and coconut milk could induce shoot formation. Using fit plant growth regulator combined treatment could induce 7.0 shoots formation and there were shoot buds formed in the base of explants. With high cytokine in concentration treatment, the leaves of explants would become curved or whiteness. The survival rate of plantlets could up to 85% in all acclimation treatments. The results showed that mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated in the media after 7 days then sowed seeds in the media, the germination rate 73.2% was higher than other treatments. The best sowing density treatment and cultural media were 0.2 g•m-2 and sand mixed with cattle mature media, respectively. Above-mentioned propagated techniques of Spiranthes sinensis were transferred to industry to mass production seedlings
Integrated off-season production in pitaya
No full text紅龍果環境適應性廣，栽培管理模式化，經濟產值高，已是世界上發展較為成功的新興果樹。由於紅龍果為長日植物，在台灣自然產季之果實盛產期為7月到9月，凸顯產期調節策略對穩定紅龍果週年生產的重要性。因此本文著重在闡述紅龍果產期調節策略與現況。產期調節策略包括自然產季內產量分布的調節及非產季的果實生產。前者透過疏刪與短截修剪、植物生長調節劑，提高初期的產量，或是利用枝條年齡、疏花與儲藏技術，提高產季末的產量；後者則是透過夜間暗期中斷模式，調節生產冬春季果實。當然，透過屬間雜交育成冬春萌花品系也是一種解決途徑。近年來，藉由整枝修剪、疏花管理搭配夜間燈照進行整合型的產期調節模式已漸趨發展成熟；然而，許多產期調節所衍生的問題仍迄待解決，因此文中也提供可能的解決方案。
The cultivation of vine pitaya has spread to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Because of the long day plant nature, the fruit production concentrates between July and September, which reveals the importance of off-season production in stabilizing the year round production in pitaya. Therefore, the current article would focused on the strategies for integrated off-season production and the application current. The two strategies are production adjustment within the inductive season and fruit production in noninductive season. The former can be achieved by thinning cut, heading cut, pruning, and perhaps application of plant growth regulator for the enhance of early production, or by shoot age management, floral thinning and fruit storage for late production. The later was accomplished by applying night-breaking treatment to obtain winter and spring fruits in the noninductive season. In recent years, the development of an integrated production system through shoot pruning, floral thinning, and night-breaking for off-season production in pitaya was getting more matured. However, problems derived from integrated production system are often appeared. Therefore, some tips for trouble shooting would be mentioned in the content as well
紅龍果檢疫技術之開發
No full text為突破國產紅龍果無法輸日之限制，防檢局台中分局早在92年間即完成輸日白肉種紅龍果(Hylocereus undatus (Weber) Britt. & Rose)蒸熱殺蟲技術之研發工作，試驗報告並送日本審查。經一再交涉結果，日方終於核派檢疫官於98年6月間至防檢局台中分局辦理檢疫技術之認證作業，也促使日本於99年4月16日公告並開放經檢疫處理後之白肉種紅龍果輸入。白肉種紅龍果正式輸銷該國，乃進一步選定紅肉種(H. polyrhizus (Weber) Britt.& Rose)及紫紅肉種紅龍果(H. costaricensis (Weber) Britt. & Rose)進行檢疫處理技術研發工作。
紅肉種及紫紅肉種紅龍果針對東方果實蠅(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)及瓜實蠅(Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett)為主要殺蟲標的之檢疫處理試驗。為決定最抗熱性之果實蠅及蟲齡做為供試蟲，以東方果實蠅、瓜實蠅卵期及各齡期幼蟲進行蒸熱抗性比較，結果以東方果實蠅卵期抗熱性最強，因此，以東方果實蠅卵期為檢疫處理試驗之供試蟲。
以果實中心溫度達46.2℃、10分鐘、20分鐘之小規模蒸熱處理結果，顯示溫度達46.2℃取出即可達100%殺蟲效果，然為配合現行輸日白肉品系紅龍果檢疫處理模式，以46.5℃維持30分鐘作為大規模殺蟲處理試驗條件，進行紅肉種及紫紅肉種紅龍果大規模殺蟲試驗，經3次試驗結果，所得總有效殺蟲為35,137，死亡率100%，已符合日本之檢疫處理蟲數標準。經蒸熱處理後之鮮果，以不同包裝及貯運條件的品質障礙試驗結果，蒸熱處理與未蒸熱處理之果實品質、外觀色相、糖分錘度、及果實硬並無顯著差異，另以舒果網包覆處理果後再放入PE塑膠袋內冷藏於5℃之條件為最佳之貯運條件。
試驗結果顯示，以46.5℃維持30分鐘為紅肉種及紫紅肉種紅龍果之蒸熱處理條件，處理後並以舒果網包覆處理果後再放入PE 塑膠袋內冷藏於5℃貯運，能逹成為外銷日本之檢疫處理要求並保持最佳商品價值