Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Studies on the Response Surfaces and Economic Optima in Fertilizer Experiments of Sweet Potato
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不同栽培槽對設施瓜果類蔬菜生育之影響
No full text本試驗目的在於探討不同栽培槽對設施甜瓜介質栽培之影響。由試驗結果顯示，以袋耕或槽耕在園藝性狀、產量或果實性狀(果高、果肉厚度、總可溶性固形物及單果重)等，均以袋耕或槽耕兩者表現較好。在設施甜瓜葉片及栽培介質等元素分析，不論是介質或葉片元素與養液灌溉量增加，其元素含量並無一致性增加的趨勢。灌溉量方面以槽耕栽培灌溉量最高達48.8 L/plant，其次分別為袋耕栽培29.9 L/plant，籃耕栽培23.5 L/plant 及微量袋耕22.6 L/plant。綜合上述結果，顯示袋耕栽培在植株性狀、產量及甜瓜果實等園藝性狀表現與槽耕處理者者並無顯著性差異，但在灌溉量及肥料量以袋耕栽培較槽耕處理更節省肥料及灌溉水，建議應用袋耕方式栽培甜瓜，可達到降低成本、兼顧產量及品質之目標
稻殼在溫網室葉菜類蔬菜離地栽培之應用
No full text本研究分別以新鮮稻殼、堆積及淋洗處理之稻殼分別與泥炭土及椰纖屑以1：1：1 比例混合作為莧菜、結球萵苣、小松菜、青梗白菜及小白菜等5 種短期葉菜類蔬菜離地栽培介質，並以全泥炭-椰纖介質(v/v = 1:1)為對照處理。並以此4 種介質設計5 種葉菜類之輪作處理，評估參試介質於不同輪作處理之效應。試驗結果顯示，結球萵苣、小松菜及青梗白菜等3 種葉菜類蔬菜之產量均以添加堆積稻殼之處理最高，分別為22.41、4.87 及5.30 kg/1.8 ㎡。而莧菜、小松菜及青梗白菜之產量在介質處理間之差異並未達顯著水準。小白菜則以全泥炭-椰纖處理(CK)之產量1.70 kg/1.8 ㎡最高，顯著高於添加新鮮稻殼及淋洗稻殼之介質。輪作處理方面，各介質處理均以輪作處理3 及輪作處理5 之累計產量最高，輪作處理3 以添加淋洗稻殼之介質的累計產值1,154 NTD/1.8 ㎡最高，但處理間差異不顯著。輪作處理5 以添加堆積稻殼之介質累計產值1,158 NTD/1.8 ㎡最高，介質處理間差異不顯著
運用智慧環控設施建立春石斛產期調節技術
No full text於春石斛不同品種催花試驗中，共獲得3 種可於2 月左右到花之早花優良品種，3 種可於5 月左右到花之晚花優良品種。於春石斛不同模式催花試驗中，短期低溫於12 月初以冷藏櫃 (10℃以下) 的處理，相較於長期涼溫於11 月初以25/15℃ 的處理，最終開花表現，長期涼溫明顯優於短期低溫。故春石斛之產期調節建議採用類似蝴蝶蘭之模式，以長期涼溫進行催花，配合適宜品種以調整花期至指定時間。本計畫並建立智慧型環控冷房，可蒐集運轉數據，並已證實智慧型環控冷房可實際應用於春石斛產期調節，可依據試驗結果，配合不同品種進行催花條件邏輯化設定，未來針對已試驗過之品種，僅需讀取設定便可輕鬆進行催花作業，另外也已透過智慧型環控冷房，建立春石斛於臺灣生產時，於2 月及5 月到花之催花模式各一套。目前2 月及5 月到花後，各參試優良品種 (8種) 之開花節位比例介於52-66% 間，品質仍有提升空間，將持續深入研究以期增強臺灣春石斛自有品種之競爭力
小花蕙蘭簡易設施栽培技術建立
No full text小花蕙蘭是臺灣外銷產值第三的蘭花，為配合小花蕙蘭帶介質外銷，於簡易設施內栽培之趨勢，本研究收集3 種簡易設施環境參數與栽種試驗及研發簡易設施內肥灌控制技術，供產業實行參考。試驗結果顯示，簡易溫室以自然通風較佳的座向搭設，輔以開頂方式可有效降低高溫，黃彩四季蘭較適合於簡易溫室(B)生長，鐵骨素心蘭和山川報歲蘭於不同簡易溫室栽培結果無差異；3 種常見外銷品種以椰塊為栽培介質新增球數及新增芽數表現較佳，以水苔為栽培介質，假球莖直徑與橫徑表現較佳。以施用1.5g/盆緩效性肥好康多(N-P2O5-K2O=14%-12%-14%)每週給水100mL/盆，較其他肥灌方式生育調查結果佳，且較無鹽積阻塞灌溉管路之困擾；以3 芽或7 芽定植鐵骨素心蘭，以施用3g 緩效肥生長較施用1.5g 佳，噴灌及微噴灌2 灌溉方式對鐵骨素心蘭生長無影響；不同灌溉頻度對鐵骨素心蘭生長無影響，但以失水1/4 至3/4 時定量給水100mL/盆，假球莖寬度較每週定期灌溉佳
Cadmium in rice grains from a field trial in relation to model parameters of Cd-toxicity and-absorption in rice seedlings
No full textSelecting rice varieties that absorb less Cd from soil will reduce human health risks posed by Cd through rice consumption. Nine rice cultivars that are commonly grown in Taiwan were used for investigating genotypic differences in Cd tolerance and absorption. Hydroponic testing with Cd treatments of 5, 10, and 50 mu M CdCl2 for 7-day exposure was conducted for the cultivars. The reductions in plant growth by Cd treatments were fitted to a dose-response curve; the modeling parameters, that is, the effective Cd concentration resulting in 50% reduction (EC50), were obtained. The Cd concentrations in plant were expressed by a Michaelis-Menten kinetic model and the uptake rate parameters (M/k) were obtained. A field experiment was also conducted in farmland with Cd similar to 0.2 mg kg(-1) in soil. For the rice cultivars used in hydroponics, Cd distributions and physiological traits (CAT, H2O2, and MDA) in seedlings were related to their tolerances to Cd toxicity. Modeling parameters, EC50 and M/k, correspond to the Cd concentrations in rice plant. In the field experiment, the Cd concentrations in brown rice of the indica cultivars (i.e., TCS10, TCS17, and TNGS22) were 0.6 mg kg(-1); these were significantly higher than those of the japonica cultivars (i.e. TY3, TK9, TNG71, KH145, TKW1, and TKW3). By contrast, the three cultivars, KH145, TKW1, and TKW3, whose Cd concentrations in brown rice were lower than 0.3 mg kg(-1) were considered safe relative to the permissible level of 0.4 mg kg(-1). In addition, for the used cultivars, Cd concentrations in brown rice were well expressed (i.e., r(2) = 0.95) as a function of EC50, M/k, and MDA by using multiple regression. Newly bred cultivars could be screened rapidly with hydroponic testing to predict their Cd concentrations in brown rice when grown in the field