Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Utilization of electric pulse power for agricultural products cultivation: forest environment control
No full textEffect of electric pulse stimulation was tested on the fruiting body formation of valuable mushroom Tricholoma matsutake in the field of its natural habitat. After applying the electric stimulator to the specific area of pine forest we found that the treatment stimulated the fructification of T. matsutake. The most valuable findings of the study was that only our treatment plots showed fruiting body formation whereas the control plots and the whole natural habitats of our study area showed zero production of this mushroom during the same time. From the point of view of mushroom production, our experiment shows that fruiting body production can be upgraded by using pulsed power as an electrical stimulation in the field of its natural habitat. These findings confirm the effectiveness and the significance of pulsed power technology for the improvement of T. matsutake fruiting body production in its natural habitat
Studies on Natural Enemies of Citrus Red Mite with Discussion about Their Safety in Chemical Control of Citrus Insects
No full textCitrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGreger) is the most severe citrus pest at present, it may be resulted by the frequency application of insecticide to break down the natural balance the citrus mite and its predators. According to present survey, 5 species of insect predators of citrus red mite have been recorded, namely Stethorus sp. (Coccinellidae, Coleop.), Oligota sp. (Staphylinidae, Coleop.), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae, Neurop.) Scolothrips sexmaculatus Perg. (Thripidae, Thysanop.) and Leptothrip sp. (Phloeothripidae, Thysanop.). Among them, Stethorus was the most active. Oligota was inferier due to its high mortality took pupation in soil. Food consumption of Chrysopa was the hugest but if the honey dew on citrus foliage is not sufficient enough to attract female oviposition then its population is decreased. Scolothrips sexmaculata Perg. and Leptothrips were rarely found. To completion one generation of Stethorus took 10-15 and 12 days in average. It was about 3-4 days quicker than its victim in the same environments. Moreover, the reproductive potentiality was superior than its victim, therefore the mass production and the releasing of Stethorus may be utilizable. For protection the above mentioned citrus red mite predators, it has to have a consideration to choice selective insecticide whether ot not be built up citrus red mite population in advance. However, the integrated (or biological and chemical) control is necessarily, at least the spot or skip spray method should be employed to preserve these predators
Effect of capsule maturity and desiccation time on viability of Taiwan native orchid, Bletilla formosana seeds (Orchidaceae) after cryopreservation
No full textDesiccation method has been successfully applied to the cryopreservation of Bletilla formosana seeds (Orchidaceae). This study investigated the effects of capsule maturity and desiccation time on the viability of B. formosana seeds after cryopreservation. Seeds with various degrees of maturity (60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 days after pollination; DAP) were used as the test samples and dried for 0 and 24 h prior to cryopreservation. The results demonstrated that the germination percentage of the 110 DAP seeds with 24 h desiccation pretreatment was the highest (96.7%). The 110 DAP seeds were then used to further test the effects of various desiccation time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h) on the viability of the seeds after cryopreservation. The results demonstrated that when seeds were dried for 4-24 h prior to preservation, the water content was reduced to 10.8-0.6% (w/w), and the germination percentage (86.7-95.5%) were significant difference higher than un-desiccation treatment after cryopreservation and thawing to room temperature. The seeds of B. formosana were highly tolerant to desiccation, thus, they should be orthodox seeds and are suitable for long-term storage through cryopreservation
Identification and characterisation of watermelon green mottle mosaic virus as a new cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus
No full textA new virus tentatively named watermelon green mottle mosaic virus (WGMMV) was isolated from watermelon leaves showing mottle, mosaic and leaf crinkling symptoms in Taiwan. Electron microscopy identified tobamovirus-like, rod-shaped particles measuring about 18 nm x 300 nm in the crude saps. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests of symptomatic watermelon leaves using an antiserum against Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) resulted in negative reactions. Genomic fragments of WGMMV were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerate primers of cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus. Sequence analysis revealed that WGMMV genome contains 6,482 nucleotides (Gen Bank accession no. MH837097). WGMMV coat protein (CP) gene shares 55.9-82.2% nucleotide identities and 42.6-87.7% amino acid sequence identities and its complete genome shares 62.0-80.9% nucleotide sequence identities with other cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. Thus, WGMMV is a new tobamovirus. The virion origin of assembly sequence (OAS) containing a conserved GAGGUUG was found in the CP-coding region of CGMMV, WGMMV and Cucumber mottle virus (CuMoV). A comparison of genome organisation has revealed that both WGMMV and CuMoV, belonging to the sub-subgroup III, have a 29-nt overlap between the movement protein and CP coding genes. Full-length nucleotide sequence of WGMMV shares 80.9% identity with that of CuMoV. Watermelon seedlings inoculated with WGMMV showed similar symptoms with the diseased plants observed in the field. WGMMV proliferated in the inoculated seedlings as evidenced by the ELISA and western blotting analyses. Mechanical inoculation assays revealed that WGMMV caused mosaic symptoms in a wide array of cucurbitaceous plants. A primer pair specifically complementary to the WGMMV CP-coding gene was designed and used to successfully detect WGMMV using RT-PCR. The primers and WGMMV-specific antiserum will be useful for rapid detection of WGMMV
The Use of Response surface in Studying the Effect on Nitrogen, Potassium and Plant Population on the Tuber Yield of Sweet Potato
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Studies on the Effect of Selection for Yield of Pood at Different Planting Densities in F5 Bulk Population of Peanut
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溫室內作物對風力通風影響之數值模擬
No full text本研究利用風洞實驗及計算流體動力學模式研究溫室內作物對貫流通風之影響，研究成果發現作物會阻礙氣流流經溫室，通風量會低於無作物之溫室，而阻礙效應與作物的密度、孔隙率有關。數值模式可使用孔隙阻力模擬作物對氣流之影響，利用風洞實驗量得之風速可校驗孔隙阻力模式中之係數，因此數值模式可正確地預測溫室內部作物後方的風場，並可量化溫室風力通風之通風量。此外，研究結果顯示：室內的作物以及溫室開口的防蟲網，皆會減弱室內風速及通風量。而縱深長的溫室，因為室內的摩擦阻力，通風量小於縱深短的建築物