Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Taxonomy and Classification of Local and Introduced Varieties of Pepper in Taiwan
No full text供試番椒共148品種或編號中，依植物學分類分屬於Capsicum annuum L., C. frutescens L., C. pendulum Wild., C. sinense Jacq，及C. pubescens R. & P.等五種，其大部份品種屬於C. annuum L.，僅有少數品種屬於其他四種；依園藝學分類分爲甜椒及辣椒兩大類，各品種之用途及氣候適應性亦均列入分類表內。
By botanical taxonomy, 148 varieties or Collections of popper, including the varieties cultivated in Taiwan and the varieties introduced from abroad recently, were classified into five species, i. e., Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. pendulum, C. sinense, and C. pubescens. By horticultrural classification, those varieties were classified as pungent and non-pungent groups. Their suitable uses and adaptation are also investigated (Table and Fig)
The Study of Mung Bean Sprouts Production (I) A Physiological Study for Mung Bean Sprouts Production by Physical Pressure
No full text本文旨在探討中國傳統壓力生産根短莖粗豆芽之生理原理。初步推斷必與壓力下促進芽體産生的乙烯氣體有關。外表觀察及氣體層次分析儀之測定結果皆顯示生長在物理壓力下及乙釋放劑－Ethephon處理下之豆芽形態反應極類似，並皆有較高之乙烯釋放量。故建議在豆芽生産過程中，施與適量乙稀有助於生産根短莖粗之豆芽。
A study of physiological principle for growing bigger-in-diameter and shorter-rooted mungbean sprouts by physical pressure was presented.
It was postulated that stress ethylene production might be involved in physical pressure treatment. Morphological observation and gas chromatographic analysts were conducted to test the hypothesis. The results showed that both pressure treatment and ethylene generating agent-Ethephon treatment, induced more ethylene evolution and very similar morphological responses. Therefore, it is suggested that ethylene is important in the production of bigger-in-diameter and shorter-rooted sprouts
Effect of Soil Texture on Disease Development of Radish Yellows
No full text黃葉病是本省蘿蔔重要且嚴重的一種土壤傳播性病害。爲能了解土壤質地對病害發生的影響，四種不同質地包括砂土(sand)，砂質壤土(sandy loam)，壤土(loam)以及粘質壤土(clay loam)被用來測定。在盆缽試驗中，四種不同土壤對蘿蔔黃葉病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani)之存活能力略有差異，即在米種植蘿蔔時，四種土壤間並無顯著性的差異，但當種植蘿蔔後則以壤土最不利於病原菌的存活。同時在含有較高之菌量密度(5×10^3 propagules/g•soil)下，黃葉病的發生程度以壤土最低。分生胞子及厚膜胞子發芽試驗的結果亦顯示在壤土中者發芽率最少。經由土壤微生物相的分析，得知壤土之細菌含量約爲砂土之十四倍，砂質壤土之八倍以及粘質壤土的四倍。
Radish yellowos caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani is a prevalent soil-borne disease in Taiwan. In order to understand the factors that were effected by soil texture on disease development on radish yellows. Four kinds of soil: sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam, were investigated on their effects on the disease incidence and the survival of the pathogen. Results showed that radish yellows could be reduced by planting in loam soil and the survival of the pathogen in loam also wan the leant among the soil types tested. But life span of the pathogen wan of no relationship among soil textures in case of no radishes were planted. Conidium and chlamydospore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani also indicated that loam soil was less benefit to the pathogen than the other soils. Soil microflora analysis indicated that the population of bacteria in loam soil wan 4 to 14 times more than that on the other three kinds of soil
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Flowering of Bromeliads
No full text以不同的植物生長調節劑處理組織培養所得的蜻蜓鳳梨(Aechmea Fasciata Baker)，火焰鳳梨(Billbergia pyramidalis cv. concolor)，小擎天鳳梨(Guzmania lingualta cv. minor)，大團圓鳳梨(Neoregelia carolinae cv. Flandria)及小鸚歌鳳梨(Vriesea psittacina)種苗，結果顯示以0.5%之益收樂(Ethrel)或0.5%電石水(Calcium carbide soluteion)催花效果較生長素類NAA、2,4-D及IBA爲佳，唯不同的觀賞鳳梨品質所得的催花效果具差異性。植物生長調節劑NAA、IBA僅對大團圓鳳利有催花效果，而2,4-D處理者多數發生藥害而致死。組織培養苗出瓶半年生苗對藥劑催花無效，對出瓶種植一年半之蜻蜓鳳梨植株，經以NAA、IBA 50 ppm或以0.55之BOH(β-hydroxyethyl hydrazine)，電石水、益收樂處理，不僅可提早抽穗且開花率較高，藥劑處理時間則以清晨的處理效果較佳。
The effects of plant growth regulators on five species of bromeliads (Aechmea fasciata Baker, Billbergia pyramidalis cv. Concolor, Guzmania lingulata cv, Minor,Neoregelia carolinoe cv. Flandria and Vriesea psittacina on flowering were studied. The results indicated that 0.5% of each calcium carbide solution and Ethrel were better than auxins on flowering percentage in Bromeliads. The results also showed flowering percentage strongly affected by plant species. Auxin such as NAA and IBA only can induce flowering of Neoregrlia carolinae cv. Flacdria but most other species tested in experiments were died of chemical injury while treated with 2,4-D. Flowering can not be happened if plants were transferred after half year from flasks. Treatments in the morning (7:00-7:30 AM) is better than in the dusk (4:00-4:30 PM) on flowering of Bromeliads in southern part of Taiwan
Effects of Carbon Source and Concentration on Growth of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro
No full text本研究探討醣種類及濃度對非洲菊幼苗Gerbera jamesonii 在試管內生長之影響及種原保存上的應用。以非洲菊幼苗為培殖體，於1/2 MSH 培養基中添加不同醣類作為碳源，以添加1%乳糖有效降低培殖體的生長速率；延長繼代培養的時間達5 個月，之後培殖體移到3%蔗糖的培養基中可恢復生長活力。建議使用1%乳糖作為非洲菊種原保存的碳源。
Experiments were conducted to study the influence of carbon sources and concentrations on the in vitro growth and maintenance of Gerbera jamesonii plantlets for the purpose of efficient mother stock or gerplasm preservation. Cluster of shoots production from young capitulum explants of Gerbera were successfully cultured on a basal medium (1/2 MSH). The result of carbon sources experiment indicated that in order to prolong the time interval between subcultures of the in vitro preserved Gerbera plantlets, the addition of lactose to the medium was effective in lowering the growth rate of explants. The optimum lactose concentration was 1%. The interval between successive subculture could be extended to as long as 5 months. The growth vigor could be resumed after transferring the explants to a culture medium containing 3% sucrose
Genetic Relationship Between Ornamental Bromeliads of Centric South America and Commerical Cultivars in Taiwan.
No full text本試驗以市場上商業價值較高的7屬18種觀賞鳳梨為材料，進行逢機增殖DNA片段(Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA, RAPD)的分析。由20個RAPD 引子所產生的條帶之中，共獲得119個具多型性的分子標誌。在屬間鑑別上，4個為Cryptanthus屬所特有，3個為Dyckia屬所特有，2個為Guzmania屬所特有，12個為Neoregelia屬所特有，1個為Tillandsia屬所特有，1個為Vriesea屬所特有。在種間鑑別上，30個多型性的分子標誌為各種間所特有之差異條帶，其它則為多型性條帶，可以用來分辨不同的物種，尤其是外觀相似的不同物種。利用Jaccard方法所求出不同樣本之間的相似度及UPGMA方法所建立出來的親緣關係圖，除結果顯示與形態分類學一樣之外，本試驗結果所得之屬與種專一性分子標誌更可提供日後觀賞鳳梨栽培品種鑑別良好工具。
The RAPD markers were used to analyze the genetic similarity among eighteen collected accessions and cultivars attributed to seven genera of Bromeliaceae. A total of 119 markers were obtained from 20 RAPD primers. In genus identification, there are four, three, two, twelve, one, and one markers specific to Cryptanthus, Dyckia, Guzmznia, Neoregelia, Tillandsia, and Vriesea, respectively. Besides, all the eighteen tested accessions could be identified with thirty proposed markers. The result suggests that these thirty markers are useful tools for genera and species or cultivars discrimination, especially for species with high morphological similarity. The dendrogram established by Jaccard and UPGMA methods is coincident with the taxonomy. Moreover, our studies suggest a potential molecular marker to identify the cultivars of Bromeliaceae
High-temperature Storage for Three Cultivars of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulbs
No full text本研究選用業經夏季常溫(24~35ºC)貯藏3.5個月之‘大片黑’、‘和美’與‘花蒜’ 三品種蒜球，再以20º、25º、30º、35º或40ºC五種溫度貯藏2、4或6個月。結果20°或25°C貯藏組芽體快速伸長，並自2或4個月開始出現萌芽及/或褶芽現象，可售率降低。在40°C貯藏2個月後皆因熱傷害而喪失可售率。‘和美’與‘花蒜’品種在35°C貯藏4個月後也發生熱傷害，使可售率驟降。在30°C熱藏之各品種及在35°C熱藏之‘大片黑’品種蒜球，在熱藏6個月期間芽體伸長緩慢而無萌芽或褶芽，亦無熱傷害，貯藏後品質良好，櫥架壽命亦長。‘大片黑’最適熱藏溫度為35°C，亦可用30°C，效果相若；‘和美’與‘花蒜’之熱藏適溫皆為30°C。在上述適溫熱藏6個月後之出庫可售率皆＞70%，櫥架可售率皆＞60%。
Three cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.), which had been kept at summer ambient temperatures for 3.5 months after harvesting and curing were further stored at 20º, 25º, 30º, 35º, or 40ºC for 2, 4, or 6 months. All bulbs stored at 40ºC had severe high-temperature injury after 2 months of storage. ‘Ho-Mei’ and ‘Hwa-Shwan’ stored at 35ºC also had severe high-temperature injury after 4 months of storage. All bulbs stored at 20º or 25ºC had premature bud elongation, sprouting, and/or folding bud growth, which caused gradual losses in weight and marketability of the bulbs. ‘Dah-Pien-Hei’ stored at either 35º or 30ºC and ‘Ho-Mei’ and ‘Hwa-Shwan’ stored at 30ºC were in good condition and maintained at high percentage (＞70%) of marketable bulbs after 6 months of storage. Those bulbs, which survived the high-temperature storage, also had a durable shelf-life
