Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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Funding the Nigerian Agricultural Sector for Improved Performance: The Role of Migrant Workers’ Foreign Remittances Inflows
Full text linkAlthough there is a plethora of empirical evidence on the impact of foreign remittances inflows on economic growth in Nigeria, there are few studies that investigated the impact of foreign remittances on agricultural sector performance in the country. This study therefore examined the impact of funding on the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria with emphasis on the role of foreign remittances inflows. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of foreign remittances inflows, government expenditure on agriculture, bank credit to agriculture, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund, and exchange rate on agricultural sector output performance in Nigeria. Exchange rate was used as a control variable. The Johansen co-integration test, Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), and Granger causality test were used to estimate the annual time-series data for the period of 1981 to 2021. The findings from the study revealed that foreign remittances inflows, government expenditure on agriculture, and loans guaranteed under the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSE) have significant positive impact on agricultural sector performance. On the other hand, bank credits to agriculture and exchange rate have insignificant negative impact on agricultural sector performance. Among other things, it is recommended that recipients of foreign remittances in Nigeria should be encouraged to invest more in the agricultural sector
The Nexus between the Abuja Environmental Protection Boards’ use of Communication Media and Change in Public Behaviour on Drainage Sanitation
Full text linkPoor drainage sanitation is a prevalent problem in many peri-urban communities across Nigeria and this has been blamed for the spread and persistence of perennial diseases like malaria, cholera, guinea worm, and elephantiasis, accounting for high levels of morbidity and mortality and a drawback to national health outcomes. Research has blamed the situation on poor choice of media of communication. Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB) has handled drainage sanitation for over 20 years in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, but, observation and windshield survey revealed that the problem still persists, especially among peripheral, informal settlements. Two study locations with these characteristics were chosen for this study, these are Nyanya and Dakwa. This study appraised the communication media used by the Board, interrogating reasons for its failure to achieve behaviour change. Using the Health Belief Model as theoretical framework, the study establishes that the respondents, who are at different levels of understanding of the dangers of poor drainage sanitation, can be influenced to change their negative practices through the knowledge of barriers and benefits. With a sample population of 1000 obtained via systematic and stratified sampling techniques, this study used quantitative methods to gather relevant data. Thereafter, key findings from the study revealed that 570 respondents, representing 57.8% receive their information regarding drainage sanitation from the AEPB through the radio, 156 others or 15% through television, and 42 others or 4.3% through Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials. Findings from the study reveal that the Board’s concentration on the use of radio to reach citizens rather than deploying a mix of communication methods, played a huge part in awareness creation, but not behaviour change. The study recommends the use of a mix of media methods including participatory communication, and appropriate messaging to facilitate behaviour change regarding drainage sanitation
Moderating Role of Inflation on How Loan and Debt Ratios Influence Profitability: A Study of Deposit Money Banks Quoted on Nigerian Exchange
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate how non-performing loans, short term debt to total asset, debt to equity and loans to deposits ratios affect return on assets of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Exchange. Furthermore, the study looks at how inflation moderates the relationship between these ratios and profitability. A sample size of eight (8) deposit money banks is selected for this study, while maintaining a ten (10) year scope of 2012 to 2021. Robust standard errors random-effects regression is used to test the hypotheses. The results are that non-performing loans ratio significantly and negatively affect return on assets (t-value = -6.05; p-value = 0.000); short term debt to total assets ratio negatively and insignificantly affect return on assets (t-value = -1.94; p[1]value = 0.052); debt to equity ratio significantly negatively affects return on assets (t-value = -9.33; p-value = 0.000); and loan to deposit ratio negatively and insignificantly affects return on assets (t value = -1.21; p-value = 0.226). Meanwhile, it is established that inflation has a positive insignificant effect on return on assets (t-value =1.77; p-value = 0.077). Inflation also moderates the relationship between the following ratios and return on assets: non-performing loan ratio (t[1]value = 3.93; p-value = 0.000), short term debt to total asset ratio (t-value= -4.06; p-value = 0.000) and debt to equity ratio (t-value = 2.13; p-value =0.033). Lastly, inflation does not moderate the relationship between loans to deposit ratio and return on assets (t-value = 1.45; p-value = 0.148). The policy implication of these for deposit money banks is that loan and debt ratios can influence profit differently during periods of high inflation
Monetary Policy Instruments and Growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria (1981-2020)
Full text linkThis research discourse critically investigates monetary policy instruments and growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria spanning from 1981 to 2021. Secondary data were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was adopted to ascertain the stationarity of the variables. The ADF unit root test revealed that the variables have mixed order of integration 1(1) and 1(0). This situation makes it necessary for the study to adopt Autoregressive distributive lag to ascertain long-run relationship between the variables using bound test. The result from ARDL establish that in the long-run only broad money supply contribute significantly to the growth of medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. It equally established that monetary policy rate (MPR) had negative, but significant relationship with proportion of service sector to gross domestic product (SGDP) in Nigeria in the short-run. The ARDL result further showed an insignificant correlation between cash reserve ratio (CRR), treasury bill rate (TBR) and the proportion of service sector to gross domestic product (SGDP) in Nigeria. The implication of this result is that if more funds in the guise of money supply is directed to small and medium scale enterprises in the country, unemployment rate and prices of goods and services would reduce. However, increase in other variables such as TBR, MPR, and LR would not enhance the growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The study recommended amongst others that the monetary authority should mandate deposit money banks to direct bulk of its loans to registered small and medium scale enterprises to enable them expand on their productive activities and help reduce unemployment and stable price level in the country
Balanced Scorecard: A Strategic Tool for Enhancing Managerial Performance in Nigerian Banks (A Study of United Bank for Africa)
Full text linkThis study investigated the application of balance scorecard in improving performance of managers in UBA plc. The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of balance scorecard adoption on the performance of managers, as reflected in improved abilities, achieve customer and financial objectives, competencies levels and potential abilities for innovative behaviour. Cross[1]sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population is the staff of selected branches of United Bank for Africa (UBA). Yamane’s formula was used to randomly choose a sample of 300 employees from the focal organization. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistic of frequency counts and simple percentages were used in analyzing the data, while the hypotheses were tested with Pearson Moment Correlation. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between balance scorecard and performance of bank managers in UBA plc. It was concluded that the balanced score card if properly implemented will enhance managerial performance in Nigerian organizations. Based on the findings of this study, the study recommends that management of UBA plc should put in place structure to aid the effective implementation of the balanced scorecard as a key measure of performance among the bank managers. Since the balanced scorecard is a strategic instrument for enhancing performance, there should be organizational wide participation in its development. Managers should tailor the perspectives to reflect the specific organizational situation and needs. There should be in-built flexibility and adjustments in the face of the dynamic and complex environment
Human Capital Education and Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria
Full text linkThe focus of the study is to assess the extent at which investment in human capital education can affect economic performance in Nigeria with particular emphasis on sustainable level of economic growth and development over the last few decades. It has been argued in the extant literature that the nature of education provided in Nigeria is so poor that the prospect of sustainable economic development is not likely to come by. The design of the study is basically anchored on secondary data and econometric analysis, whilst all variables related to the human capital development constitutes the population of the study. Accordingly, the sample is made up of one dependent variable and four explanatory variables covering the period from 1986-2021. They include gross domestic product used as a function of secondary school enrolment, primary school enrolment, adult literacy rate as well as public spending on education. The data were obtained from various sources include the Central Bank of Nigeria’s various issues of Annual Reports and Statement of Account and Statistical Bulletin as well as World Bank data bases. The data were analyzed using the Johansen co-integration technique and the parsimonious error correction model, in order to ascertain the long and short runs impact of the variables on economic growth in Nigeria. Accordingly, it was evidenced in the study that equilibrium long run relationship exists between economic growth and the selected indicators of human capital development. Specifically, it was observed in the study that enrolments into primary schools, secondary schools and adult literacy rate had positive and significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. However, the study found that the level of government spending on education had negative but insignificant influence on human capital development in Nigeria. Among other things, the study recommended for the need to increase budgeting allocation for the educational sector that will enable the provision of adequate facilities and good learning environment
Board Political Affiliation and Financial Performance of Non-Financial Companies in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study looks at how board political allegiance affects the financial success of non-financial companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study's specific goal is to ascertain whether board political affiliation, a component of corporate governance, influences the financial performance of the company. Return on equity (ROE) and net profit margin (NPM) were used to measure the company's financial performance. The study employed an ex post facto research design and a sample of 75 listed non-financial corporations with detailed annual reports that were released during the measure reporting period (2012-2021). Regression using generalized least squares (GLS) was utilized to analyze the correlation between the variables. The outcome demonstrates that board political membership has a favorable and significant impact on ROE and NPM at a level of 5%. The study concludes that there should be no restriction on the number of politically affiliated individuals serving on boards of directors within the parameters of corporate governance regulations and that political affiliation has a positive and significant impact on companies' NPM, as evidenced by the higher attendance of politically connected individuals, which suggests that board members improve the company's financial performance and revenue. According to the study, it should always be encouraged for people with political clout to serve on the boards of Nigerian publicly traded non-financial enterprises
Impact of Women Empowerment on Poverty Reduction: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria and Ivory Coast
Full text linkPoverty is one of the major causes of many social vices in less developed countries, which increasingly affecting vulnerable class in the society, particularly women. This study examines the impact of women empowerment on poverty reduction in Africa using time series panel data across Nigeria and Ivory Coast covering 2011 to 2021. The study used Livin, Lin and Chu (LLC) panel unit root test and found that all the variables are stationary at level and Pedroni test of cointegration confirmed the long run relationship among the variables. The causality result showed evidence of bi-directional causality running from poverty rate to multidimensional women empowerment and poverty rate and unemployment. Lastly, the study recommends that more importance should be attached to women empowerment in order to reduce the poverty rate across the countries of the study
Deficit Financing, Debt Servicing and Economic Development in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study empirically investigated the relationship between deficit financing, debt servicing and economic development in Nigeria over the time period from 1981 - 2022. Government External Debt (GED), Government Domestic Debt (GDD), Cost of Serving Debt (CSD), Inflation rate (INFL) and Interest rate (INTR) were used as dimensions of independent variables, while Human Development Index (HDI) was used as the dependent variable. Annual time series data on the targeted variables were obtained from secondary sources, including the Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin, World Bank development indicators. The Unit root test shows that cost of debt servicing, government domestic debt, government external debt, interest rate and human development index are all stationary after first difference (I(1)), while inflation rate was stationary at level I(0). The data were analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The empirical results show that human development index has a negative relationship with the variables of CSD, GED, INF and INTR both in the long run and short run, while GDD is positively signed and statistically significant only in the long run. The study recommends amongst others that the Federal government should reduce the rate at which it results to loans, especially foreign loans as a means of financing budget deficit
Perception of Intimate Partner Violence by Residents of Enerhen Community, Warri, Delta State
Full text linkIntimate partner violence is a serious social problem that violates women's rights and is acknowledged as a serious health issue that harms women's well-being and has a significant negative impact on their physical, reproductive, and mental health. Han and Choi (2021), cited World Health Organization (2005), stated that more than 75% of violence against women is allegedly caused by an intimate male partner. This inhumane act is widespread throughout all groups, societies, and nations and, if it is not properly addressed, can result in an unbalanced state and marital dissolution among family members, which will contribute to further societal decadence. To this end, this study examined the perception of intimate partner violence by residents of Enerhen Community, Warri, Delta State. In this study, the social learning theory put forward by Bandura (1986) was used. The study especially looked into the types, causes, and manifestations of intimate partner violence in the study area, as well as the function that social workers play in putting a stop to this scourge. The population of the study was 340,600, and the study also used a survey research design. Using the sample size method developed by Krejcie & Morgan (1970), a sample size of 400 research participants was selected for the study. An interview guide and a structured and semi[1]structured questionnaire were utilized to collect information from the participants. The analysis' findings demonstrated that the area under study has a high rate of intimate partner violence as a result of poverty, unemployment, persistent marital conflicts, availability of drugs, and slums. Pre-marital counselling is advocated, according to the research, so that future spouses may get to know one another better before getting married and learn how to handle some of the issues that can cause conflicts. Additionally, society has to be made aware of the possibility of IPV in males to stop stigmatizing such victims and encourage open dialogue between male and female victims