Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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Shortages and Inequalities in Geographic Distribution of Healthcare Workers in Katsina State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper examined shortages and geographical inequality in the distribution of healthcare workers in Katsina State. The Gini index and Lorenz curve were used to analyze data on healthcare workers in the study area. This is with a view to revealing the shortages of health workers or otherwise according to the criteria set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Finally coefficient correlation and determinant were used to establish whether or not there is significant association between population and distribution of healthcare facilities among the 34 Local Government Areas across the state. The findings of the study revealed that inequality really exist in the distribution of healthcare staff within the three zones of the state, the study confirmed that none of the three zones of the state has achieved the minimum requirement as stipulated by the WHO for critical shortage of 2.5/1000 population. In addition to inadequacy of health personnel in Nigeria and in Katsina State, there is a common understanding that this problem is more in Katsina state and is further exacerbated by geographic distributional inequalities that are even more severe in rural areas. On the other hand, the Lorenz curve has also depicted similar results as the curves are further away from the diagonal, which means there is high variation in the distribution of health care workers in the State. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that a more vigorous analysis should be carried out by the state ministry of health to ascertain the number of healthcare facilities as well as the required number of healthcare workers with a view to establishing the number of equipment available and facilities which may require upgrade for effectiveness. The actual access levels individuals and communities have to the health care facilities in Katsina State needs to be ascertained. Besides, the government should adopt population threshold as a yardstick for health care facility distribution as this is the only approach to ensure equality and social justice in distribution of health care workers and other basic facilities
An Analysis of Product Innovation and Competitive Advantage in Selected Plastic Manufacturing Industries in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined product innovation and competitive advantage in selected plastic manufacturing industries in Onitsha. The precise goals of this study are to ascertain the contribution of sensing capability, seizing capability, and transformation capability to the achievement of competitive advantage. The dynamic capability theory underlies this investigation. The study used a descriptive research design for its study. Personnel from four specific Onitsha plastic factories make up the study's population of 168. Taro Yamane’s formula was employed to get a sample size of 120. The study's data were produced using a structured questionnaire. Primary data were collected from the respondent. The data gathered were analyzed using multiple regression method. The study found that sensing capability, seizing capability and transforming capability had significant positive relationship with competitive advantage. The study concludes that product innovation has significant positive relationship with competitive advantage in plastic manufacturing industries in Onitsha. The study made several recommendations, including that businesses constantly strive to invest in diverse new product ideas and improve the existing products in order to get a competitive advantage over rivals
Empirical Relationship between International Trade and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Full text linkEmpirical studies have shown contradictory and/or inconclusive findings between international trade and economic growth in Nigeria and this necessitated this study. The study empirically examined the relationship between international trade and economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021 and used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test result established that, at levels and first difference, some variables were stationary while others were not. The Bounds test of co-integration showed a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The result further revealed that trade openness had negative and insignificant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria, because of the country’s narrow production and export base dominated by low value products such as primary commodities. Foreign direct investment was positively and significantly related to economic growth, implying that foreign direct investment was a major determinant of economic growth in Nigeria. Exchange rate was positively insignificant to economic growth in Nigeria, due to exchange rate volatility. The study recommended that, government should strengthen trade openness by dismantling trade barriers, add value to their exports and provide a level playing field for trading partners to achieve the desired gains from international trade vis-à-vis a sustainable economic growth in Nigeria
Work Training: A Panacea for Personnel Productivity (A Study of Shoprite Limited, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria)
Full text linkThe study examines the impact of workplace training on personnel productivity in Shoprite, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. Descriptive research method was adopted since it required observing and documenting behavior, attitudes and activities. Human capital theory and Expectancy theory underpinned the study. The sample size was derived by Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table which consist of (70) respondents who are employees of the firm. Data were collected through a questionnaire instrument found to be reliable. The data collected was grouped according to response and presented in tables using frequencies and percentages. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results of the study revealed that work training has a significantly strong and positive association with personnel productivity. Base on the finding, the study recommends periodic and effective trainings programs for employees to keep abreast with new skills and knowledge regarding their job and also serve as a source of motivation. The researcher suggested that further investigation should be carried out in public sector to assess the effectiveness of work trainings
Analysis of the Petroleum Industry Act and its impact on the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector
Full text linkThe research analyzed the Petroleum industry Act and how the new law has impacted various actors in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector. This research was conducted using a doctrinal legal research approach which was backed by a contextual legal framework that include citations to online sources, literature reviews, case studies analysis, and an assessment of key judicial enactments. In conducting this library-based study, primary and secondary legal sources as well as pertinent existing literature on Petroleum Industry Act 2021 were explored. Various conceptual, empirical and theoretical frameworks such as Resource Curse, Domanial and Sustainable Development theories were used to support the research work. At the end the study, was able to find out that the Act established a framework for effective legal, regulatory and fiscal governance of the Upstream, Midstream, Downstream and the Host Communities, even though there were gaps which the Act left to be filled. Finally the study recommended that Gas flaring should be stopped; host community trust fund resources should be properly managed; Payment of 3% for upstream exploration revenue to host community should be reviewed upwards while 30% for frontier exploration should be reduced
Oil Revenue and Real Sector Performance in the Nigerian Economy
Full text linkThe real sector of the economy especially agriculture and manufacturing, have suffered serious neglect due to growing influence of oil sector performance. This paper analyzed the relationship between oil revenue and real sector performance in Nigeria between 1980 and 2021. Agricultural and manufacturing sectors’ outputs were used as proxy of real sector performance, while oil revenue is the independent variable with, exchange rate and inflation as control variables. Data were collected from CBN publications. The ADF unit roots results showed that the data in agriculture and manufacturing sectors model were integrated at different order (i.e., I(0) and I(1)), but none was I(2) and the variables were co-integrated using the Bound Testing Co-integration techniques. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was used to estimate the agricultural and manufacturing sector models. The outcome revealed that the relationship between oil revenue and agriculture sector output is positive and statistically not significant in the long-run. There is also a positive connection between oil revenue and manufacturing sector performance in terms of output. The coefficients of the current and lag periods of the dependent variables were seen in the dynamic model to be insignificant, suggesting that oil revenue have not affected manufacturing sector in the immediate period. The study recommends among others, that, the government should pay serious notice to the agricultural and manufacturing sectors as they constitute the real sectors of the Nigerian economy, by increasing the level of investments and opening them up to both domestic and foreign investors in addressing the macroeconomic objectives of the nation
Assessing the Impact of Financial Accessibility on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Profitability
Full text linkIn a developing nation like Nigeria, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) have had a difficult time in accessing banking services especially when trying to acquire external financing, they encounter several difficulties. This is due to low level of financial literacy among SMEs owners and Managers. SMEs in Nigeria‘s Plateau State make up the study population. According to SMEDAN‘s estimates from 2021 there were 14558 registered SMEs in Nigeria‘s Plateau State. The study employed a survey research approach, in which 316 questionnaires were utilized to collect primary data using the convenient sampling technique. The study particularly used a multivariate regression model. The results of the research on assessing the impact of financial accessibility on small and medium enterprises profitability showed a strong positive correlation between profitability of SMEs and loan, overdraft, collateral requirement, and size. As a result, the study suggests that owner’s managers of SMEs in developing economies with limited finances should consider recapitalizing their businesses through more finances from existing financial service providers such as banks and should have more capacity building to have better access to finance. 
Nexus between Family Environment and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in the Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Abuja
Full text linkThere is a general apathy towards entrepreneurial activities among students in the Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Abuja. Unarguably, this lack of enthusiasm is traceable to the general moral decadence among youths in both the family environments and university environments. This is occasioned by the increasing failure of parents to properly bring up their children/wards particularly with the intent of making them self-reliant. Consequently, with a special focus on the family, it is important to understand the role of the family environment in triggering the dimensions of entrepreneurial intentions (i.e., personal attitude towards a behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control) in students. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design, and employed a combination of census method, a criterion sampling technique and questionnaire to collect data from 100 to 400 level students in the six departments in the faculty. A criterion sampling technique was employed to select the sample size of 115 students from the population of 279 students. The criteria for selection are that: (i) the parents work in or own a family business; (ii) that the student was partly or wholly involved in a family business; and (iii) the student actively participated in the previous entrepreneurship courses he/she had taken. The generated data were subjected to Pearson product moment correlation. The relationships between family environment, and personal attitude towards a behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control were found to be positive and significant. The study recommends empowerment of families to create new or expand existing family businesses. Again, family members, including students, should be involved in the running, management and control of such businesses from an early age
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption and Quality of Accounting Information of Selected Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigates if the adoption of IFRS has improved the quality of accounting numbers provided in the financial statements of firms in Nigeria. The essence is to confirm the results of previous studies as well as the introduction of new variables. The study uses secondary balanced panel data obtained from the Nigerian Exchange Group on 27 selected manufacturing firms over the periods 2006-2011 for pre-IFRS and from 2012-2017 for post-IFRS. The dependent variable is market share price (MPS), and the independent variables are BVPS, EPS, CFPS and PE, while LEV and SIZE are the control variables. The regression results of the Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) indicate that for pre-IFRS periods, while three variables are positively significant, four of the variables of interest are positively significant in post-IFRS periods. The overall results of the hypotheses tests show that there is a higher quality of accounting information after the adoption of IFRS for the periods under review. The results give signals to investors that post-IFRS information has higher value relevance than pre-IFRS. The study recommends among others that manufacturing firms should continue to adopt IFRS in order to maximize its influence on their stock prices
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Service Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Full text linkIn recent times, technological advancement in the manufacturing sector has adversely reduced potentials to employ large amounts of unskilled and semi-skilled labour especially in developing countries. Consequently, job and productivity growth have declined greatly. Reacting to this, some developing countries have sort alternative avenues to boost job and productivity growth. This paper argues that the service sector is a veritable alternative. To substantiate this claim, the study examine how Real Estate (RE), Professional, Scientific and Technological Services (PST), Public Administration (PA), Accommodation and Food Services (AFS), Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (AER), as well as Financial and Insurance (FI) subservice sectors impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction Mechanism technique were used to estimate the data set obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin for the period 1990-2021. Findings from the ADF test revealed that the variables became stationary after first difference, while the Cointegration test indicates that there are five cointegrating equations. It was also discovered that RE, PA and FI have positive and significant long run impact on economic growth in Nigeria. AFS and AER both have positive, but insignificant impact, while PST has a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The study thus, recommends amongst others that more investments in Real Estate should be encouraged, expansion of public administration should be upheld by government, and also, more appropriate financial reforms are required to boost the Nigeria financial sector in order to enhance its performance