Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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Households’ Constraints to Effective Adaptation to Drought among Rural Communities in Extreme Northern Region of Jigawa State
Get PDFDrought is the most problematic phenomenon affecting the socio-economic activities of most of the Jigawa state people especially the rural communities whom rainfed agriculture is the major source of their livelihood. Rainfall variability trigger frequent occurrence of the events. This study assessed households’ constraints against effective adaptation to drought among rural communities in Jigawa state. Daily rainfall data for the period of 35 years (1980-2014) was obtained from Jigawa State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (JARDA) and Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA) Offices, in Dutse and Kano respectively. Normalized Rainfall Index (NRI) was used to depict drought frequency and magnitude. Results show that the study area experienced fifteen drought episodes of different magnitudes representing about 42.86%. Both frequency and magnitude declined especially in the last decade coinciding with the periods of annual rainfall increase. Results obtained from the questionnaire administered shows households suffered various constraints against effective adaptation. Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) was used in assessing households’ constraints against effective adaptation. Respondents rated lack of fertilizer as the most problematic constraints against effective adaptation
Can We Establish Predictable Trends in Quality of Life in Kaduna State and Nigeria?
Get PDFPoor living conditions are common in both urban and rural areas of Nigeria. The nation’s poor quality of life is exemplified by high poverty and large unemployment rate of 35%, low longevity of 54 years, high illiteracy level and insecurity, particularly in the northern part of the country. Kaduna state, in the north-western part of Nigeria, is a trade centre and a major transportation hub for the surrounding agricultural areas. The state is also known as the center of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions. Therefore, this paper examined if there are some predictable trends in the quality of life in Kaduna State and Nigeria. The study sourced data from 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The result shows that Kaduna State has higher dependency ratio and mean household size than the Nigeria’s average. The findings also indicated that the percentage of working age population involving in wage employment in Kaduna State is slightly lower than the national average. These results highlight the need for sustained efforts by government and non-government institutions towards improving the quality of life in Kaduna State, in order to create jobs and attain inclusive growth
Formal Education and Lassa Fever Risks Behaviour among Households’ Heads in Akoko Region of Ondo State Nigeria
Get PDFLassa fever is endemic in West Africa region with significant statistics of infection in Nigeria. Ondo is one of the 18 States reported to have a proportion of infection with Lassa when over 1000 cases were reported across Nigeria, from January 2018 till date with different levels of fatality. The patriarchal nature of the family arrangement and the significant influence of any decision by the heads of households on the overall health of all the members, are likely to result in behaviour that may put members on having contact with the disease vector. This study examines the level of education of households’ heads and their engagement in behaviour that may expose the entire households to the risk of infection with Lassa fever. The social survey was conducted in Ondo State. A total of 245 heads of households were selected using systematic and purposive sampling techniques at two different stages respectively, who responded to a structured questionnaire containing 41 items on level of education and LF risks behavioural. Though, the level of knowledge about LF is high, over 78% engaged in behaviour that make them susceptible to the risk of contacts with multi-mammoth rat and contact related behaviour varies by level of education. The need for the traditional institutions, as agents of change to engage household heads on proper education about LF is recommended to curtail the trend among others
Impact of Service Quality on Customer Retention of Listed Food and Beverages Companies in Kaduna State
Get PDFThis study examines the effect of service quality on customer retention of listed food and beverages companies in Kaduna State. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of service quality on customer retention of listed food and beverages companies in Kaduna State. The study used an explanatory research design also known as Causal research. It is the investigation of (research into) cause-and-effect relationships. The Kerjcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination table was used to determine the sample of this study which was 343. The source of data collection for the study is primary. The method for data analysis and technique was multiple regression. The findings of the study show that service quality is positive and significantly associated with the customer retention. It reveals that outcome quality has a t-value of 3.349, coefficient value of 0.471 and a significance value of 0.002. The study concludes that service quality has been established to influence the customer retention of listed food and beverages company, Kaduna. The study recommends that the management should also give equal opportunity to all employees irrespective of service quality, so as to enhance effectiveness in the organizational performance and customer retention
The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Deepening Democratic Tenets in Nigeria
Get PDFThe need to enhance the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) for better engagement of government to foster democratic tenets and development in Nigeria has become ever more necessary as her democracy is increasingly being confronted with recurrent challenges of flagrant disregard for the rule of law, human rights abuses, arbitrariness and political impunity. Since the return to civil rule in 1999, there has been increase in agitations for self-assertion and determination by the numerous component ethnic groups, demand for equality, equity, fairness and justice by the hitherto repressed citizens. The promise of liberty and free speech which democratic rule dangles is becoming a mirage by the day as the desire to hold mass protest and civil disobedience against worsening socio-economic and security conditions is viewed as mutinous and therefore, vehemently suppressed. Against this background, this paper examines the role of CSOs in bridging the gap between the people and government. It particularly examined the contributions of CSOs on the three basic fundamental pillars of democracy which are: periodic elections, adherence to rule of law and respect for human rights. The paper adopts the liberal democracy theory as a framework of analysis. The findings reveal that CSOs are faced with numerous challenges which are both internal and external which have led to their being less effective. The paper further contends that poor funding, lack of public awareness of the roles of CSOs and inability to have access to vital information especially from government agencies amongst others militate against the smooth operations of CSOs. It recommends that the CSOs should build their structures from grassroots to create public awareness and ensure proper funding and accounting system
The Influence of Information Technology Capability on Supply Chain Integration and Marketing Performance of Downstream Petroleum Sector in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study ascertained the relationship between information technology capability on supply chain integration and marketing performance of down streams petroleum sector in Nigeria. Data were elicited from supply chain managers of seven (7) major petroleum oil marketing firms with the used of questionnaire and partial least square – structured equation modeling for test of hypotheses. This study revealed that information technology capability positively and significantly relates to supply chain integration and marketing performance of downstream petroleum sector in Nigeria. It concluded that information technology capability is a key driver to enhance effective and efficient supply chain integration and marketing performance. Therefore, the study recommended that management of oil and gas companies should adopt effective software and logistics information mechanism that will facilitate order placement, inventory control, planned shipment /logistics as well as reducing lead time in their operation
Impact of Remittances on Nigerian Financial Sector Development: An ARDL Approach
Get PDFThe paper investigates the impact of remittances on financial sector development in Nigeria using the time series data for the period 1986-2019. The study employed secondary data which was subjected to pre estimation tests to establish the purpose. Results of the unit root indicated the combination of stationarity of the series I(0) and I(1), the F- bound test for cointegration reveals long run relationship both in the upper and lower segment, this warrants the permissibility of adoption of Autoregressive distributed lag model. The coefficient of Error Correction Mechanism is negative and statistically significant, convergence of the model to equilibrium from the short run disturbances is therefore certain for the robustness purpose. The results of the long run ARDL bound test for cointegration showed that personal remittances positively influence domestic credit to private sector Proxy for financial sector development by 339%. Conversely, Domestic credit to private sector is negatively affected by interest rate spread and gross savings in Nigerian financial sector. The study therefore recommends the federal government of Nigeria should ensure provision and implementation of sound economic policies which would virtually attract and trigger remittances to Nigeria. This can be accomplished through discrete monetary policies which would attract investment and encourage remittances
External Debt and Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper studied the association between external debt and sustainable development in Nigeria to ascertain empirically the extent of relationship between external borrowings and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 – Zero Hunger and SDG 3 – Good Health and Well Being. Secondary data for the period 2003 to 2019 were extracted from publications of Debt Management Office (DMO) of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The study formulated two hypotheses and tested them using Spearman’s Rank Correlation tool. The results revealed that there is no significant relationship between external debts and sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper argues that the accumulated external debts in Nigeria are not properly utilized for sustainable developmental projects that reduce the high poverty index and low life expectancy of its populace. It therefore recommends adoption of debt management strategies targeted at gradual liquidation of Nigeria’s external debt stock to avoid debt overhang. This should be done through reduction in excessive government spending especially expenditures on non-productive sectors of the economy. Hence, judicious utilization of funds on sustainable projects that reduce poverty level and improve life expectancy should be carried out in order for Nigeria to join other United Nations(UN) member countries on achieving the 17 SDGs by the year 2030
Substitutability of Currency in Nigeria: A non-linear approach
Get PDFThe persistent rise in foreign currency demand, especially in recent years, exerts pressure on Nigeria's exchange market. This trend is often heightened by economic agents’ perceived loss of purchasing power and confidence in the domestic currency, which makes them recourse to holding foreign currency that have a relatively stable value, such as the United States dollar (USD). To determine the presence of currency substitution and its effects on money demand in Nigeria, quarterly data from 1994 to 2017 was used. The non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model was employed in order to account for potential existence asymmetries informed by economic induced shocks overtime. The result affirms the existence of asymmetric cointegration for the variables, which implies the existence of a long run nonlinear relationship. In addition, crude oil price showed a significant effect of foreign currency demand from the stand view of domestic economic agents. The study suggests the closing of the exchange rate gap in the existing market to reduce the asymmetry expected from depreciation in domestic currency and further create buffers to manage the effect of oil price volatility, so as to check the substitutability rate of domestic currency in Nigeria
Organisational Justice and Human Resource Retention: Role of Leadership Consideration
Get PDFThe role that leadership consideration plays on the effects of organisational justice on human resource retention has not been widely researched, eventhough, leadership had predicted the retention of employees in the workplace. It is based on this premise that this study investigated the moderating role of leadership consideration on the effects of organisational justice on human resource retention in Nigerian public universities using cross-sectional design. Multiple Linear Regression and Pearson Partial Zero-Order Correlation results revealed that leadership consideration (LC) moderates the relationship between organisational justice (OJ) and human resource retention (HRR). It was concluded that leadership consideration is an instrument for improving organisational justice and human resource retention through the implementation of direct compensation, flexible working arrangements and promotion in the workplace. One of the recommendation of this study is that National University Commission (NUC); the watch dog, policymaker and regulator of universities in Nigeria should ensure that promotion guidelines for academic staffs are uniform across all the universities in Nigeria, as this will bring fairness in the university system