Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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NHIS awareness, accessibility, affordability, and patronage among selected Lagos State Owned Healthcare Facilities’ Patients: Friedman Rank and Multiple Regression Tests
Full text linkThe study explored the nexus between National Health Insurance Scheme awareness, accessibility, affordability and patronage among selected patients in Lagos State-owned Healthcare Facilities. It examines how effectively and efficient is NHIS is contributing to a safer patient’s life. The study adopted a structured questionnaire, with data collected from 151 respondents. A cross-sectional survey design jointly with double sampling techniques were adopted. The research utilised both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather evidence from selected patients in the Lagos State owned Healthcare Facilities., Friedman rank test and multiple regression techniques. The study revealed a rank order of both NHIS metrics and NHIS patronage metrics among selected patients in Lagos State owned healthcare facilities. The study further revealed the joint effect of NHIS awareness, accessibility, and affordability on the NHIS patronage among selected patients in Lagos State owned healthcare facilities. The study recommended that routine risk assessment within healthcare facilities to be able to identify potential hazards among patients and the hospital environments. The Lagos State Owned Healthcare Facilities should ensure effective and efficient utilization of the NHIS as a focal point to dampening the out-of-payment stress that are usually being experienced by hospital patients. The hospital management should ensure that technology is embraced to facilitate the usage of NHIS as full-time payment plan for all patients within the hospital. Insurance companies, especially, life insurers should ensure that there exists collaboration between them and the various healthcare facilities in Lagos State to enrich the patient’s knowledge and accessibility of NHIS and its affordability
Effect of Green Accounting on Organizational Financial Performances of Listed Companies in Nigeria
No full textBusinesses depend on the environment to function and prosper economically. The growth in industrialization has resulted in environmental pollution and increased land use that harmed the natural environment, leading to extinction of some animals and plants. The environmental impact of the organizations made various stakeholders to canvass for green accounting. This study aimed at examined the effect of green accounting on financial performances of listed companies in Nigeria Group exchange (NXG) between the period 2013-2023 using expo facto research design. Secondary data of the selected organization were downloaded from the NXG websites. The dependent variable was financial performances proxy with earnings per share, while independent variable was green accounting. Using robust regression analysis, the study discovered that green accounting had negative and significant effect on earnings per share; implying that ₦1 increase in green accounting would reduce earnings per share by ₦36. Green accounting also had positive and significant impact on return on equity. This implied that organization expenses on protecting the environment increased which had short time negative effect on the earnings per share, but in the long run increase return on equity. The study recommended that companies should conduct environmental audits on a regular basis to evaluate their compliance with regulations, this would reduce the avoidable cost like compliance cost, restoration cost and it would improve earnings per share
Minimum Wage Increases and the Welfare of Civil Servants in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: A Comparative Analysis of Lagos and Osun States
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of minimum wage increases on civil servants' welfare within the context of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, focusing on Lagos and Osun States. Minimum wage policies play a crucial role in addressing economic inequality and improving living standards, yet their effectiveness in Nigeria faces significant challenges. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, analysing survey data from civil servants to assess the effectiveness of minimum wage policies in addressing welfare issues. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, with 347 valid responses returned. Quantitative analysis using descriptive and inferential techniques, alongside thematic analysis of qualitative data, reveals that while minimum wage increments aim to improve living standards, challenges such as budget limitations, inflation, and administrative inefficiencies hinder their implementation. In Osun State, economic constraints, including delayed salary payments, emerged as significant barriers, while in Lagos, higher internally generated revenue enables smoother implementation, though rising living costs erode purchasing power gains. The study concludes that barriers such as inflation, budgetary constraints, and administrative challenges eroded and limit the benefits of minimum wage and recommends regular assessments, strengthened administrative capacity, and complementary welfare programs to enhance its effectiveness
A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda: on Unethical Practices in Organizations
Full text linkUnethical practices continue as a negative issue across various sectors, undermining public interest, organizational integrity, and green sustainability. Its impact is felt as a toxic workplace behaviour. Moreover, due to the rise in corporate fraud and scandals has made scholarly literature on the concept remain vague, thereby setting the pace for further inquiry and critical appraisal. Consequently, the current study examined the concept of unethical practices, antecedents, consequences, theories, methodology, contingent variables, and prevention methods to stall their spread. The study used a systematic literature review with the aid of a PRISMA flowchart to arrive at a logical paradigm through a structured approach for academic development. The study identified 20 articles from high-quality journals indexed in Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO, Springer, Emerald, and Web of Science. The study journals were analyzed using content analysis, ADO, and TCM. The study findings showed that a toxic workplace environment predicts unethical practices, which prior research failed to expose. The study also found that antecedence relates to the consequences of unethical practices. The study's originality is based on using a distinctive approach in unravelling unethical practices. The study's implication addresses unethical practices, fraud, and scandal, and fosters as a positive prevention measure to caution organizations on how such practices affect lives, careers and families
Unequal Voices: The Impact of Larger States’ Electoral Power in the United States Electoral College System
Full text linkTo ensure that both large and small states had equal representation among states with different populations, the Electoral College was created to contribute meaningfully to U.S. presidential elections. Yet, in practice, the system has led to significant disparities in electoral influence, with larger states often holding disproportionate power. This paper investigates the extent to which the Electoral College upholds or undermines its original purpose of equitable representation. Through an analysis of the system’s structural biases, including the focus on swing states and the winner- takes-all method, the article reveals how these elements can diminish the voices of smaller states and concentrate power in a few populous regions. It also examines how this unequal distribution of influence risks fostering conditions that could lead to one-party dominance, particularly if certain large states consistently support a single party. The study concludes by examining the implications of these dynamics for American democracy and considers possible recommendations that might restore a balanced and representative electoral process. The study found out that the Electoral College fails to provide equitable representation, risks becoming a tool for one-party dominance and deviates from its federalist roots, effectively functioning as a flawed proxy for a popular vote system dominated by populous states. It’s on this note the study, recommended that Electoral Vote Caps should be introduced for Highly Populated States: Capping the number of electoral votes that any single state can hold would reduce the excessive influence that large states like California and Texas currently have
Empirical Study on the Impact of Performance Appraisal on Employee Performance in Kebbi State Ministry of Health
Full text linkIn virtually every organization, the workforce stands as the most critical asset, far outweighing the importance of physical resources. Gauging employee effectiveness is a cornerstone of human resource management. This practice, termed performance appraisal, entails the periodic review of staff behaviors, accomplishments, and contributions to the organization. Its core purpose is to highlight areas for growth and guide choices about promotions and professional development, ultimately enhancing overall productivity. Undoubtedly, an organization’s achievements rest on its employees’ output, underscoring the need for consistent and well-executed appraisals to elevate performance, curb dissatisfaction, and prevent dips in work quality. Against this backdrop, this research examined how performance appraisals affect employee output at the Kebbi State Ministry of Health, zeroing in on three dimensions: task execution, adaptability, and contextual efforts. Using a sample of 333 participants, it adopted a quantitative survey approach, analyzing data with multiple regression. Findings revealed that performance appraisal had a statistically significant positive effect on task performance (β = 0.258, p = 0.000, R² = 0.152), while the effects on adaptive (β = -0.001, p = 0.993) and contextual performance (β = -0.103, p = 0.117) were non- significant. The study is underpinned by equity and expectancy theories, highlighting fairness and motivation in appraisal systems. The findings suggest that while appraisals can enhance task performance, additional strategies such as fostering motivation or workplace spirituality, are needed to improve adaptability and contextual behaviors, given their weak association with appraisals
Firm Specific Dimensions and Stock Price of Listed Financial Service Firms in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study examines the effect of firm’s specific dimensions on market share price of listed financial service firms in Nigeria. The study adopts correlation quasi-experimental research design. The population of the study was made up of the entire listed financial service firms in Nigeria which stands at 56 as at 31st December 2022. This includes deposit money banks, insurance firms and merchant banks. Census sampling techniques were adopted to arrive at a sample of 33 firms. Data for the period of 11 years (2012-2022) were collected using the secondary method of data collection from the annual reports and account of sampled firms. Data for the study were analysed using descriptive and inferential methods of data analyses with the help of STATA 13 statistical software. The findings of the study revealed that return on assets has positive significance effect on share price; growth opportunity has negative insignificance effect on share price and information asymmetry has negative significance effect on share price. Based on its findings the study concludes that firm specific dimensions have significance effect on stock market price of listed financial service firms in Nigeria. Based on its conclusion, the study recommends among others that listed financial service firms should try to improve their financial performance in the form of return on assets; To improve financial performance, also firms should optimize asset utilization by reallocating underperforming resources, adopting technology for efficiency, and managing costs to maximize profit margins. They should diversify revenue streams by exploring new markets and products while investing in workforce training to enhance productivity. To manage information asymmetry, firms must adopt transparent and timely financial reporting, leverage digital platforms for real-time disclosures, and engage with investors through regular meetings and updates
Sustainable Financing for Nigeria’s Development: Empowering Domestic Resource Mobilization for Sustainable Growth
Full text linkDespite the growing discourse on sustainable development, empirical insights into how domestic resource mobilisation impacted sustainability outcomes in Nigeria remained limited. Previous studies often overlooked the dysfunctional interplay among public finance, private investment, and governance. This study contributed uniquely by empirically disentangling the long-run interactions between domestic resource mobilisation and sustainability outcomes in Nigeria, explicitly accounting for these interdependencies. Using annual data from 1990 to 2023 sourced from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the study employed the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique, and Johansen’s co-integration test confirmed long-run relationships at the 5% significance level. Private sector investment (PSI) exhibited a significant negative relationship with the Sustainable Development Index (SDI), reflecting investments in extractive and real estate sectors that were environmentally harmful and socially exclusive. Economic growth (GRT) also had a negative impact, indicating unsustainable, capital-intensive expansion. Financial inclusion (FI) negatively affected SDI, suggesting that access to finance remained concentrated among urban elites. Government expenditure on social services (GES) showed a marginally negative effect, likely due to inefficiencies or misallocations. In contrast, domestic resource mobilisation (DRM), particularly through non-oil revenue, showed a strong positive relationship with SDI. The corruption perception index (CPI) also had a positive effect, underscoring the importance of anti-corruption efforts. The study recommended targeted tax incentives for green sector investments, performance-based public spending reforms, the digitisation and broadening of non-oil tax collection, and the establishment of an independent anti- corruption agency with enforcement powers to enhance governance and optimise DRM for sustainable development
Nature of Traffic Robbery Victimisation Experience in Lagos
Full text linkTraffic robbery is a prevalent disturbing social phenomenon in Lagos State, impacting commuters and transport workers, necessitating an examination of victimization experiences and offender- victim dynamics. The research investigated the nature of traffic robbery victimization experiences, strategies employed by offenders, and the extent of the crime as reported in newspapers. Utilizing content analysis, the study examined 167 traffic robbery cases from 2015 to 2023 as reported in five newspapers using the routine activity theory to understand the dynamics between offenders and victims. The research also discussed the victimization experience and convergence of the offenders and victims, it documented the extent of the crime as captured by various newspapers (Vanguard, Punch. Tribune, Sun and Guardian), and also interrogated the strategies or methods deployed by traffic robbers. The study further addressed the nature and extent of traffic robbery victimization experiences, shedding light on the dynamics of the crime over an eight-year period. Consequently, the common method used by offenders is dispossessing victims of their valuables, leading to fear-driven victim experiences, with spikes in incidents observed in June and December, particularly in Vanguard and Punch publications. Findings reveal that incidents like traffic robbery are fear-driven. Commonly used methods by the offenders include the dispossession of victims' phones and other valuables, and the use of guns. Mitigating crime like traffic robbery in Lagos requires government intervention in providing adequate security personnel to deter and apprehend criminals, improving road infrastructure, enhancing street lighting, and creating job opportunities for vulnerable youth to keep them engaged with activities that would shift their attention from crime and make them productive
The Moderating Effect of Regulatory Framework on 4Ps of Innovation Strategies and Competitive Advantage of Insurance Companies in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigated the moderating effect of regulatory framework on 4Ps of innovation strategies and the competitive advantage of insurance companies in Nigeria. The cross-sectional descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique were employed. Data was collected from 54 insurance companies through structured questionnaires. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of findings indicated that product, process, and position innovation have a significant effect on competitive advantage of insurance companies. However, paradigm innovation showed an insignificant effect on competitive advantage. Moreover, a stricter regulatory framework reduces the positive impact of innovation strategies on competitive advantage. While innovation is crucial for Nigerian insurance companies to stay ahead, the regulatory framework can either help or hinder this effort. It was recommended that insurance companies should focus on improving their product, process and position innovation to meet the growing needs of individuals and businesses. Also, the government through the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) should design regulatory policies that encourage growth, rather than stifle innovation in the insurance sector. Future research could explore how regulatory framework moderates between the 4Ps of innovation strategies on competitive advantage of commercial banks, manufacturing and the telecommunication sector to determine how different sectors of the Nigerian economy react to the measures under study