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Paxlovid in Kidney Failure: A Review
Get PDFThe COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic that claimed many lives. Various vaccines and drugs are used for COVID-19 both via intravenous and oral routes. Paxlovid is a treatment given orally to patients who experience symptoms and is even considered effective in reducing high-risk COVID-19 virus infections. Kidney failure is a special population that can worsen COVID-19. The purpose of this review article was to determine the effectiveness and safety of using Paxlovid in patients who have comorbid diseases, one of which is kidney failure. The method used in preparing this journal was the PRISMA diagram to select the right articles and Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect as literature sources. Based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, around 4 studies were obtained that were appropriate to the research topic. Paxlovid may be an important option to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in at-risk patients and unvaccinated patients, moreover, careful consideration of the benefits and risks to patients can be reviewed
INVESTIGASI MODEL PENGEMBANGAN WISATA HALAL; SEJAUH MANA PERAN RELIGIOSITAS DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS?
Get PDFCreating satisfaction and loyalty in the tourism business is the basis that will determine the sustainability of the business. These two variables are very important variables, even this issue is being studied among researchers, regarding what factors are the determinants in creating satisfaction and loyalty. This research is in the form of dissecting the determining factors that will create satisfaction and loyalty. This study tries to dissect whether religiosity, destination image, demographics and motivation have a big role in creating satisfaction and loyalty. To do so, researchers managed to collect as many as 177 respondents to fill out a research questionnaire. Then from the data that the researcher has obtained, the researcher analyzes the data statistically descriptive and SEM PLS to prove the hypothesis that has been made by the researcher. From this analysis the researcher got the result that religiosity, destination image, demographics have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, while motivation is not significant on satisfaction. Besides that, religiosity, destination image, demographics can indirectly influence the loyalty variable through satisfaction. Religiosity can be a moderating variable for the relationship between demographics and satisfaction. Finally, the satisfaction variable has a significant effect on loyalty
ANALISIS KECURANGAN DALAM PELAPORAN KEUANGAN:BAGIAN DARI BUKTI RASIO KEUANGAN
Get PDFThe case study related to the abuses of financial reports is damaging the trust of the public and stakeholders. This research was designed to identify and evaluate the importance of financial ratios in identifying potential fraudulent financial statements of non-financial companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. These companies were selected based on the Beneish M-Score as the first sign of fraud. The results of the analysis show that the debt to equity ratio, receivables to income, and current ratio indicate the possibility of fraud. Analyzing the period 2019 to 2023, we find that the current ratio can detect fraud a year earlier. These results suggest that metrics such as debt to equity, receivables to revenue, and current ratio can help detect fraud, potentially benefiting shareholders, regulators, and creditors. The results of this study was still in line those studies which have been conducted before in different parts of Indonesia and at the time or period of time
Keabsahan Pembangunan Rumah Susun Umum Gunung Anyar di atas Tanah Terindikasi Terlantar oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya
Get PDFIndonesia is a developing country which is one of the most populous countries in the world, so to overcome the rapid population growth, especially for low income communities, the government is building public flats to help people get a place to live. This also happened in the city of Surabaya, as one of the big cities in Indonesia, where the Surabaya City government built public flats, one of which was in the Gunung Anyar area for the surrounding community. This research aims to examine the legality of the construction of the Gunung Anyar public flats which the Surabaya City Government recognizes as being built on land indicated as abandoned land. This research is normative juridical research with a conceptual and statutory approach. The research results concluded that the legality of the construction of the Gunung Anyar public flats was questionable or invalid considering that the land used by the government to build the flats was not properly qualified as abandoned land based on existing legal provisions. Apart from that, there is no clarity regarding the procedures for determining abandoned land carried out by the government in accordance with existing legal provisions
Facial Wash Gel Formulation from Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) With Carbopol 940 As Gelling Agent and Its Stability Study
Get PDFAbstract—Propionibacterium acnes is a bacterium that significantly contributes to the development and progression of acne—the phenomenon of bacterial proliferation. The alkaloid carpain present in papaya leaf extract exhibits antibacterial properties against Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium associated with the development of acne. The facial wash is a cleansing product that removes bacteria and debris from the skin. This study aims to develop a facial wash gel formulation employing papaya leaf extract to treat and inhibit acne-causing bacteria. The formulation will involve the use of different concentrations of Carbopol 940 polymer, namely FI (1%), FII (1.5%), and FIII (2%), as a gelling agent. The research conducted falls under the category of experimental research. The assessment of facial wash gel formulations encompasses various parameters, such as organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity analysis, pH determination, viscosity measurement, spreadability assessment, and foaming capacity examination. The study's findings indicate that the formulation of the FII facial wash gel successfully fulfils all criteria for preparation evaluation. FI fails to satisfy the criteria for spreadability testing, while FIII needs to fulfil the homogeneity and viscosity testing requirements. The viscosity test was significantly affected by different amounts of Carbopol 940, which was used as a gelling agent. The pH, spreadability, and foamability tests were not significantly affected (p>0.05).
Keywords: acne, carbopol 940, carica papaya, facial wash gel
Abstrak—Propionibacterium acnes merupakan bakteri yang sangat berperan dalam patogenesis timbulnya jerawat. Pertumbuhan bakteri. Di dalam ekstrak daun pepaya terkandung alkaloid karpain yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat (Propionibacterium acnes). Facial wash menjadi salah satu produk yang dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan kulit dari bakteri dan kotoran yang menempel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan facial wash gel dari ekstrak daun pepaya untuk mengobati jerawat serta mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab jerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi polimer Carbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent yaitu FI (1%), FII (1,5%), dan FIII (2%). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimental. Evaluasi sediaan facial wash gel meliputi pengujian organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya busa. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan formulasi sediaan facial wash gel FII memenuhi semua syarat evaluasi sediaan. FI tidak memenuhi syarat uji daya sebar, sedangkan pada FIII tidak memenuhi syarat uji homogenitas dan viskositas. Variasi konsentrasi Carbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent memberikan hasil berpengaruh secara signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap uji viskositas tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan (p>0,05) terhadap uji pH, daya sebar, dan daya busa.
Kata kunci: daun papaya, gel sabun muka, jerawat, karbopol 940
 
Simulation of the Hydrodealkylation of Toluene Using Conversion Reactor
Get PDFAbstract—The hydrodealkylation of toluene is frequently used to produce the more valuable compound benzene. This process is widely employed in the petrochemical industry. Through hydrodealkylation, toluene undergoes a transformation, resulting in the production of valuable chemicals such as benzene and diphenyl. The objective of this study is to present the results obtained from simulating the process of toluene dealkylation using Aspen HYSYS. The feed to the reactor must contain toluene and hydrogen, while the recommended operating conditions are at 500 oC to 650 oC and 20 to 40 atm pressure to achieve 90% conversion. For this purpose, a conversion reactor has been selected as the preferred type. The simulation outcomes are particularly valuable during the initial stages of designing a production facility for benzene. The mass and energy balance calculations can be easily performed using Aspen HYSYS. Future research may focus on investigating different reactor types while considering the kinetics of the reaction.
Keywords: aspen HYSYS, hydrodealkylation, simulation, toluene
Abstrak—Hidrodealkilasi toluena sering digunakan untuk menghasilkan senyawa yang lebih bernilai yaitu benzene. Proses ini banyak digunakan dalam industri petrokimia. Melalui hidrodealkilasi, toluena mengalami transformasi, menghasilkan bahan kimia berharga seperti benzene dan diphenyl. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyajikan hasil yang diperoleh dari mensimulasikan proses dealkilasi toluena menggunakan Aspen HYSYS. Umpan ke reaktor harus mengandung toluena dan hidrogen, sedangkan kondisi operasi yang direkomendasikan adalah pada suhu 500 oC hingga 650 oC dan tekanan 20 hingga 40 atm untuk mencapai konversi 90%. Untuk tujuan ini, reaktor konversi telah dipilih sebagai tipe yang disukai. Hasil simulasi sangat berharga selama tahap awal perancangan fasilitas produksi benzene. Perhitungan neraca massa dan energi dapat dengan mudah dilakukan menggunakan Aspen HYSYS. Penelitian masa depan dapat fokus pada penyelidikan berbagai jenis reaktor sambil mempertimbangkan kinetika reaksi.
Kata kunci: aspen HYSYS, hidrodealkilasi, simulasi, toluene
 
Kriteria Desain Furniture Untuk Shared Workspace Pada Hunian Small Open Space Ruang Tengah
Get PDFBertambahnya jumlah populasi di lingkungan perkotaan memicu fenomena hunian small space di perkotaan. Namun pada kenyataannya semakin sempit ruangan membuat ruang gerak menjadi semakin terbatas dan berdampak pada pilihan jenis furniture yang juga semakin terbatas. Menurut survey penelitian, bahwa mayoritas penghuni sempit membutuhkan sebuah workspace untuk menunjang kebutuhan di hunian mereka. Dengan kosep open space pada hunian small space yang mayoritas ada pada hunian sempit dapat dijadikan sebagai area untuk sharing. Dengan konsep sharing dapat efektif mengurangi perabotan berlebih tanpa mengurangi fungsionalitas dari perabotan. Serta dapat menjadi solusi bagi penghuni yang tinggal di hunian sempit
Anticancer Activity of Asiatic Acid from Centella Asiatica: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Get PDFAbstract—Centella asiatica, containing asiatic acid (AsA), represents one such candidate demonstrating promising anticancer effects. This study aims to comprehensively review the anticancer activity of AsA in published in vitro and in vivo studies. A systematic review method was employed and several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were used to conduct a comprehensive and systematic search of the literature based in vitro and in vivo studies in November 2023 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirty-three articles were included, distributed across twenty-five in vitro studies, three in vivo studies, and five both in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on the findings in the reviewed articles, we report that AsA, a triterpene derived from C. asiatica, exhibits anticancer effects demonstrated both in various cancer cell lines and in cancer cell-induced animal model, through several mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant effects, inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of invasion and migration, and induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusions based on findings in in vitro and in vivo studies, AsA has strong potential to be used and developed as an inhibitor of various types of cancer cells.
Keywords: anticancer, asiatic acid, cancer, centella asiatica, herbal
Abstrak—Centella asiatica, yang mengandung asam asiatik (AsA), mewakili salah satu kandidat yang menunjukkan efek antikanker yang menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif aktivitas antikanker AsA dalam studi in vitro dan in vivo. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan sistematis pada beberapa basis data, termasuk Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, untuk melakukan pencarian literatur yang komprehensif dan sistematis berdasarkan studi in vitro dan in vivo yang dilakukan pada November 2023 dan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Tiga puluh tiga artikel diinklusikan, terdiri dari dua puluh lima studi in vitro, tiga studi in vivo, dan lima studi in vitro dan in vivo. Berdasarkan temuan dalam artikel yang ditinjau, kami melaporkan bahwa AsA, triterpen yang berasal dari C. asiatica, menunjukkan efek antikanker baik di berbagai sel kanker maupun pada model hewan yang diinduksi sel kanker, melalui beberapa mekanisme, termasuk efek antiinflamasi, efek antioksidan, penghambatan proliferasi sel, penghambatan invasi dan migrasi, serta induksi apoptosis dan autofagi. Kesimpulan berdasarkan temuan dalam studi in vitro dan in vivo, AsA memiliki potensi yang kuat untuk digunakan dan dikembangkan sebagai penghambat berbagai jenis sel kanker.
Kata kunci: antikanker, asam asiatik, kanker, centella asiatica, herba
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sabun Wajah yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Shiitake (Lentinus edodes)
Get PDFJamur shiitake (Lentinus edodes) kaya akan polisakarida, selenium, dan vitamin sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu komposisi kosmetik kulit dan rambut. Salah satu kosmetik yang banyak menggunakan jamur shiitake adalah sabun wajah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi jamur shiitake dengan beberapa konsentrasi alkohol, yaitu 96% (F1), 75% (F2), dan 50% (F3) menggunakan ultrasonik. Selanjutnya, formula tersebut dievaluasi karakteristik fisikokimianya meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptis, pH, berat jenis, daya sebar, uji busa, laju alir, dan uji hedonik. Formula terbaik adalah F3 dengan karakteristik warna putih krim, tekstur homogen, aroma enak, pH 10,55, berat jenis 0,25 g/ml, daya sebar 11,4 cm, stabilitas 100%, dan viskositas 233,8 cps. Uji hedonik formula F3 dilakukan terhadap 20 responden dengan parameter organoleptis, aroma, kekentalan, uji busa, dan efek melembabkan kulit. Hasil uji hedonik dari para responden dengan nilai tertinggi dari sabun wajah diperoleh dari parameter efek melembabkan kulit, diikuti dengan organoleptis dan efek busa.
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are rich in polysaccharides, selenium, and vitamins that are beneficial for skin and hair cosmetics. These compounds induce shiitake mushrooms to be widely used as raw materials for cosmetics, one of which is facial wash. The purpose of this study is to extract shiitake mushroom using various ethanol concentration 96% (F1), 75% (F2), and 50% (F3) with ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) method. Next, the formulas were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including organoleptic testing, pH, specific gravity, spreadability, foam test, flow properties, and hedonic test. F3 showed the best formula with evaluated characteristics of creamy white color, homogeneous texture, aromatic, pH value 10.55, specific gravity 0.25 g/ml, spreadability of 11.4 cm, 100% foam stability, and flow properties of 233.8 cps. Hedonic testing of F3 facial wash was conducted on 20 respondents with acceptance parameters including organoleptic, scent, viscosity, foam test, and moisturizing effect. The highest hedonic test result score was shown from the parameter of the ability of shiitake mushroom extract facial wash to moisturize the skin, followed by organoleptic and foam effect.
Submitted: 12-11-2024, Revised: 09-12-2024, Accepted: 11-12-2024, Published regularly: December 202
Keamanan siber sebagai fondasi pengembangan aplikasi keuangan mobile: Studi literatur mengenai cybercrime dan mitigasinya
Get PDFThis study examines the importance of cybersecurity in mobile financial applications, particularly in the face of rising cybercrime threats. The aim of this research is to provide deeper insights into the significance of cybersecurity in mobile financial apps and to develop approaches that financial companies can adopt to protect their users' data and information. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Meta-synthesis analysis is applied to synthesize data from 26 journal articles published between 2019 and 2024. The findings reveal that cybercrime in the financial and FinTech industries is driven by internal factors such as weak security systems, lack of system updates, limited human resource competencies, and careless user behavior. External factors include malware attacks, unclear regulations, and the use of advanced technology. To counter these, it is necessary to implement technologies such as firewalls and blockchain, strong risk management, enhanced network infrastructure, the establishment of cybersecurity teams, the development of clear regulations, and user education to raise awareness and improve cybersecurity. Therefore, the implementation of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy is crucial in maintaining the integrity and trust of users in mobile financial applications