University of Surabaya Journal
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Formulation of Lempuyang Essential Oil Lotion (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) as a Mosquito Repellent
Full text linkMosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, pose a significant public health threat in Indonesia, with cases increasing to 400,000 in 2023. This study focuses on developing a natural mosquito repellent lotion using lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) essential oil, known for its insecticidal properties, as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents. The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate a mosquito repellent lotion using lempuyang essential oil at varying concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and assess its physical properties, safety, and repellent efficacy. Lempuyang essential oil was extracted via steam distillation from fresh rhizomes. Lotion formulations were prepared with different oil concentrations and evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH, spreadability, and stability. Skin irritation tests were conducted and mosquito repellent efficacy was tested using Culex sp. mosquitoes in a controlled environment. The essential oil extraction via steam distillation yielded 0.4% oil from fresh lempuyang rhizomes, producing a pale yellowish-white oil. All lotion formulations exhibited desirable organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and spreadability (5–7 cm), with pH levels (6.18–7.46) suitable for skin application. Stability tests confirmed no changes in appearance, color, or odor over four weeks. Irritation tests showed no adverse reactions, confirming the lotion’s safety. The 15% formulation demonstrated the highest mosquito repellent efficacy, providing 82.45% protection, outperforming the 5% and 10% formulations. These results highlight the 15% lempuyang essential oil lotion as a promising, natural, and safe mosquito repellent.
Submitted: 23-03-2025, Revised: 16-04-2025, Accepted: 21-04-2025, Published regularly: June 202
PENGARUH FIRM SIZE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE DENGAN VARIABEL KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL KONTROL
Full text linkThis study examines the influence of firm size on tax avoidance, incorporating financial performance as a control variable through profitability indicators (Return on Assets and Return on Equity), liquidity (Current Ratio), and leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio). A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing purposive random sampling on 69 corporate taxpayers registered at the KPP Pratama Makassar Utara, specifically those located in the Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA), who had fulfilled their tax obligations during the 2021–2023 period. The findings indicate that firm size, profitability, and leverage have a significant impact on tax avoidance. In contrast, liquidity does not exhibit a significant effect on tax avoidance. Future research is recommended to expand alternative proxies for the variables employed in this study, such as total revenue for firm size, Net Profit Margin for profitability, Debt to Asset Ratio for leverage, and Cash Ratio for liquidity. Furthermore, future studies may consider broadening the research scope and exploring other industries to enhance the reliability of the findings
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemilik Hak Atas Satuan Rumah Susun Akibat Wanprestasi Dalam Penyerahan Unit Apartemen
Full text linkThis research aims to find out and understand the form of legal protection that can be given to IF as the owner of the rights to the house unit due to the default in handing over the unit by PT EPH. This research is normative juridical research using a statutory regulation and legal concept approach. The research results show that everyone has the right to obtain legal protection in carrying out buying and selling transactions for apartment units. The right to legal protection has been explicitly regulated in Article 28D paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution so that it must be provided by the state. In practice, the sale and purchase transaction of apartment units is an agreement based on Article 1457 BW. This apartment unit sale and purchase agreement will of course give rise to rights and obligations for each party involved. However, along the way, it is not uncommon for defaults to occur from one of the parties, namely the developer. This was experienced by Ike Farida who had paid off the purchase of the Apartment X unit. However, PT EPH actually made a unilateral cancellation and did not hand over the apartment unit that had been paid for by IF. As a result, IF suffered material and immaterial losses. Based on the court decision, IF is a buyer with good intentions and therefore deserves to be protected by law. Meanwhile, the legal protection that can be given to IF is compensation in accordance with Article 1243 BW. Apart from that, Ike Farida can also sue PT EPH through the institution tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general judiciary in accordance with Article 45 paragraph 1 of the Consumer Protection Law
The Influence Of Trusting Beliefs And Intention To Continue Purchasing on E-Commerce Shopee
Full text linkPurpose: This research aims to determine the influence of trusting beliefs and intentions on people to continue making purchases on Shopee e-commerce. As time progresses, there are more and more other digital platforms that can also make it easier for people to make purchases. However, this research specifically discusses whether the e-commerce platform can be trusted by old and new consumers through 5 variables, namely Competence, Integrity, Virtue, Purchase Intention, Purchase and Post Purchase.
Method: The sampling technique for this research is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The sample used in this research was 267 respondents with the criteria of being aged 17 years and over and who had purchased Scarlett Whitening products on Shopee e-commerce in the last 3 months.
Result: The findings of this study indicate that two hypotheses were not supported: the effect of integrity on purchase intentions, and the effect of integrity on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions. In contrast, five hypotheses were supported. These include the effect of competence on purchase intentions, the effect of benevolence on purchase intentions, the effect of purchase intentions on purchases and post-purchase behavior, the effect of competence on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions, and the effect of benevolence on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that official Scarlett Whitening stores operating on the Shopee platform improve their consistency in serving both new and existing customers
From Campus to Business: The Impact of University Support, Subjective Norms, and Attitudes On Students Entrepreneurial Intentions
Full text linkPurpose: Entrepreneurship is one solution to overcome the problem of unemployment; therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions
Method: This study using 208 data respondents. Collecting data through online survey with judgmental sampling. The data analyzed with SEM Methods.
Result: Based on this findings, perceived university support plays important role to boost the subjective norm and positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. The subjective norm and positive attitude had effect on forming entrepreneurial intention. This result has effect on management decision making. 
ANALISIS PENGAMBILALIHAN TANAH MILIK PRIBADI YANG BERSTATUS CAGAR BUDAYA OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PADANG
Full text linkAbstract—Cultural heritage is a country's historical heritage which is fragile and rare so its existence must be preserved because it has important value for history, science, religion and education. One example of cultural heritage in Indonesia is a cultural heritage building. Cultural heritage buildings have their own characteristics, one of which is that they are more than 50 years old and have historical value as stated in Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. Law Number 11 of 2010 is legal protection for cultural heritage in Indonesia. One of the cultural heritage buildings in Padang City is the Ema Idham House. However, currently the cultural heritage building Ema Idham House has collapsed and been razed to the ground because Soehinto Sadikin, as the owner of the house, has carried out the demolition without permission from the Padang City government. The Padang City Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Department only provided City Plan Information to Soehinto Sadikin, so he had no right to demolish the cultural heritage building. Therefore, so that the cultural heritage building is not lost, the Padang City Government must carry out reconstruction of the building. Ownership rights to the land owned by Soehinto Sadikin must first be transferred to the Padang City Government through land procurement for development in the public interest. This thesis aims to analyze whether the Padang City government has the authority to request the takeover of privately owned land that has cultural heritage status.
Keywords: building reserve culture, padang city government, land acquisition
Abstrak—Cagar budaya merupakan warisan bersejarah suatu negara yang bersifat rapuh dan langka sehingga wajib dilestarikan keberadaannya karena memiliki nilai penting bagi sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan, agama, dan pendidikan. Salah satu contoh cagar budaya yang ada di Indonesia yakni bangunan cagar budaya. Bangunan cagar budaya memiliki ciri khas tersendiri salah satunya yaitu memiliki umur lebih dari 50 tahun dan memiliki nilai sejarah sebagaimana termaktub dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 merupakan perlindungan hukum bagi cagar budaya yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satu bangunan cagar budaya yang ada di kota Padang adalah Rumah Ema Idham. Namun, saat ini bangunan cagar budaya Rumah Ema Idham tersebut telah runtuh dan rata dengan tanah dikarenakan Soehinto Sadikin sebagai pemilik bangunan rumah telah melakukan pembongkaran tanpa izin dari Pemerintah Kota Padang. Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang (PUPR) Kota Padang hanya memberikan Keterangan Rencana Kota kepada Soehinto Sadikin, sehingga ia tidak berhak untuk melakukan pembongkaran terhadap bangunan cagar budaya tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, agar bangunan cagar budaya tersebut tidak hilang Pemerintah Kota Padang harus melakukan rekonstruksi terhadap bangunan tersebut. Hak milik atas tanah yang dimiliki oleh Soehinto Sadikin harus dialihkan terlebih dahulu kepada Pemerintah Kota Padang melalui pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah Pemerintah Kota Padang berwenang meminta pengambilalihan tanah milik pribadi yang berstatus cagar budaya.
Kata kunci: bangunan cagar budaya, pemerintah kota padang, pengadaan tana
ENHANCING CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY THROUGH SERVICE QUALITY
Full text linkThis study explores how the delivery of desirable services influences the overall performance of a service company in Kediri, particularly focusing on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and business outcomes. In the modern service industry, companies are expected to deliver fast, responsive, and personalized services to retain customers and remain competitive. A service company, a service-oriented enterprise, has been experiencing challenges in meeting these rising expectations. The writer used a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study approach consisting of observation, questionnaires, and interviews with customers, employees, and the business owner. This research investigates service delivery issues and their impact on customer experience and business performance. The findings reveal that the main problems are slow service response, lack of employee training, and low empathy in customer interactions. To address these issues, the company manages a feedback system, improves standard operating procedures (SOPs), holds regular service training, and implements better staffing strategies. These improvements yield 30% customers increase, 72% customers are satisfied, 18% neutral and 10% dissatisfied
EVALUASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN KONSTRUKSI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN DUPONT
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the financial performance of construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2023 period using the DuPont System approach. The analysis focuses on three sample companies, PT Total Bangun Persada Tbk, PT Acset Indonusa Tbk, and PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk by measuring Net Profit Margin (NPM), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Return on Investment (ROI). The results indicate that PT Total Bangun Persada Tbk consistently recorded the strongest financial performance, with an average ROI of 4.29%. In contrast, PT Acset Indonusa Tbk experienced significant financial pressure, with an average negative ROI of (13.33)%, while PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk showed fluctuating performance, averaging an ROI of 0.68%. The industry average remained negative, reflecting the ongoing challenges in profitability and asset efficiency faced by the construction sector. These findings highlight the importance of asset management optimization and operational efficiency strategies to enhance the competitiveness of construction companies in Indonesia
Optimization of Pandan Leaf Processing (Pandanus Tectorius) as Craft Material: A Comparative Study of Drying and Natural Dyeing Methods
Full text linkThis research aims to optimize the processing of pandan leaves as craft material through comprehensive analysis of various drying and natural dyeing methods. Nine pandan leaf specimens with different initial treatments were tested using two main drying methods: natural sun-drying and oven drying. The research results show that pandan leaves with dimensions of 4-6 cm width and 40-100 cm length provide an optimal yield rate of approximately 60-70% for high-quality craft material production. The boiling process as initial treatment followed by sun-drying produces the best balance between drying time efficiency, color quality, and material structural integrity. Oven drying for 20 minutes proved equivalent to conventional sun-drying in terms of dryness level, but resulted in brittle material and loss of color absorption capability. Dyeing exploration using turmeric extract, suji leaves, and teak leaves showed that the use of lime water as solvent produces superior color intensity compared to regular water. This research provides significant contribution to the development of standard specifications for sustainable and environmentally friendly pandan leaf craft industry
Strategies for Empowering Small and Medium Enterprises to Promote Sustainable Tourism in Tourist Villages: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkMicro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial drivers of sustainable tourism in rural communities, yet their potential is often constrained by structural challenges. This systematic literature review, conducted using the PRISMA protocol covering publications from 2020 to 2025, analyzes empowerment strategies for MSMEs in tourism villages, focusing on Indonesia and the Philippines. The findings reveal that leadership, digital innovation, and capacity development are essential for strengthening economic resilience, environmental preservation, and cultural conservation. Successful cases, such as Ponggok Village (Indonesia) demonstrate how an integrated approach—combining stakeholder collaboration, technology, and training—can enhance operational efficiency and expand market access. However, barriers such as uneven infrastructure, low digital literacy, and dependence on external funding persist, necessitating local policy interventions. This study underscores the need for inclusive governance models that prioritize marginalized groups (e.g., women and rural entrepreneurs) and align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 8, 9, and 11). The limitations of this research include its geographical focus on Southeast Asia and the predominance of short-term case studies. Future research should explore long-term impacts and develop measurable frameworks applicable to diverse socio-economic contexts. This paper contributes to the discourse on inclusive tourism development by providing actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics to leverage MSMEs as catalysts for sustainable rural transformation