Wukari International Studies Journal
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EFFECT OF TRAINING ON CAREER PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA SECURITY AND CIVIL DEFENSE CORPS (NSCDC) PERSONNEL IN KADUNA STATE COMMAND
Get PDFThis paper examines the effect of training on career performance of Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) Personnel in Kaduna state command to examine the impact and types of training required for effective career performance of NSCDC personnel. Specific training programmes examined were Basic Training, Intermediate and advanced training. Four hypotheses were formulated for the study. A sample of 200 NSCDC personnel from 5 divisional offices was selected for the study through simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled 'Effect of Training and Performance Questionnaire (ETPQ) developed by the researcher. It was subjected to the scrutiny of three experts in the in the department of Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria for Validation. The reliability of the instrument was determined by a pilot study using 30 respondents who were not part of the main study, respondents were entered into the statistical packages for the social sciences (SPSS) Version 21. The reliability of the instrument yielded 82 correlation coefficients crouchback Alpha, Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies percentages mean and standard deviation) for demographic characteristics of respondents, one sample t-test and one[1] way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test research hypotheses at 0.05 level significance. Findings revealed that basic training has significance positive effect on the career performance of NSCDC personnel in Kaduna state command. Findings also revealed that intermediate and advanced training programmes have significance positive effect on the career performance of NSCDC personnel in Kaduna state command. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of training programmes and effect on career performance of NSCDC personnel in Kaduna Command. It concluded that training (basic intermediate and advanced training) can improve the career performance of NSCDC personnel. It recommended among others that the NSCDC as a security organization should organize training on regular basis to improve the career performance of personnel of their organization in view of the current security challenges facing the country
CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF POLICY AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION IN BENUE STATE
Get PDFThe challenge of policy and programme implementation in Nigeria has become deeply entrenched. Arguably, this challenge is replicated at all levels of government in the country with negative implications for service delivery. This paper has isolated the experience of policy and programme implementation in Benue State since its creation in 1976. The paper uses a conceptual and theoretical exploration to interrogate the problematic of policy formulation and programme implementation in the state over the period. Preliminary investigations reveal that a combination of factors has, over time, hindered the effectiveness in the formulation of policies and programmes and the efficiency in their implementation in the state. It argues that the quality of policy formulation and programme implementation is dependent on the quality of strategic approaches deployed by relevant stakeholders. It concludes that since its creation, Benue State has not recorded a significant milestone in its policy formulation and programme implementation as a result of discontinuities, political factors as well as economic forces, among others. It is on the basis of this conclusion that the paper points to the way forward
THE RACIAL FACTOR AND PAN-AFRICANISM IN NIGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Get PDFThis paper assesses the racial factor and Pan-Africanism in Nigerian foreign policy. Nigeria’s effort to end racism and encourage Pan-Africanism had a very profound impact on the national liberation struggle of the African people. It has helped and indeed informed the development and articulation of a philosophy for the global engagements of the post-colonial African states. The paper adopts secondary sources of data and the role theory as a framework of analysis. The building of transnational and transcontinental solidarity among the people of African descent has been central to Nigerian foreign policy direction. The paper discovered that, Nigeria as a black nation has displayed a great commitment in the liberation struggles waged against slavery, colonialism, neo-colonialism and racist regimes in African continent such as in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia among others. Again, it is important to note that, Nigeria spearheaded formation of the Organization of African Unity (now AU). The racial factor and pan-Africanism in Nigerian foreign policy proves Nigeria’s commitment to addressing the challenges of Africa as recognized by the framers of Nigerian foreign policy. The paper recommends that, Nigerian foreign policy should seek to protect the integrity of the black man across the globe
TOWARDS A HARMONIOUS LABOUR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Get PDFA harmonious labour management relation is a necessary precondition for academic excellence in the university system. Experiences in the Nigerian University system have however shown that all is not well with industrial harmony. Studies have been conducted on Labour management relations in the Nigerian public sector with little attention on contemporary issues that shapes the relationship in the Nigeria Public Universities. This paper examines contemporary issues in labour-management relations as it relates to the Nigerian Public Universities setting. It anchored on Neo-liberalism as its framework of analysis. The paper relied on secondary sources of data which were analysed using content analysis. Findings reveal that prevailing political, economic and other intervening variables such as globalization, economic recession, dominance of western model of democracy,emerging technology have always shapes government responses to the industrial crises in the Nigerian University system. The paper recommends that university unions must take cognize of them in their negotiations with the government for industrial harmony to prevail
AN EXAMINATION OF RAWLS’ SOCIAL JUSTICE MODEL: AN ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA
Get PDFSo much injustice, oppression, suppression, etc. were prominent among the many ills and short comings which characterized the life of man in the “state-of-nature”. The situation was described aptly by Hobbes when he asserted that “the life of man in the state-of-nature was “nasty, solitary, brutish, poor and short”. He suggested that life in the state-of-nature can literarily be described, in many ramifications, as worthless and meaningless. Life was without any hope for tomorrow because many events were unforeseen and there was no room for history. This was one of the reasons why men decided to abandon the state of nature, which many scholars have christened “the Primitive society”, and create the social society via the apparatus of the “social contract". The experiences of the two societies have helped analysts reach the conclusion that the civil society (state) is far more preferable than the state-of-nature. The civil society, thus, emerged. Be that as it may, some of the imbalances and imperfections which characterized the state of nature found its way in to the (modern society) state. Among others, two of such problems that found their way were injustice and oppression. The salient question is how did injustice and oppression find their way into the state and how can they be eliminated from the civil society so that there will be no resemblance between the civil society and the state-of-nature? It is against this back drop that this paper is set to examine John Rawls’ theory of justice which is prescribed as an antidote in resolving the problems of injustice and oppression. Nigeria is one of those countries of the world who crave and cry for equal rights and justice, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a view of testing its practicability and effects on the Nigerian social-political environment. A society where no one will feel ill-treated, abandoned, marginalized or neglected as far as the distribution of resources is concerned. Rawls’ postulations have been considered too technical and unrealizable, to this end, this study will show how true or otherwise this position is
FROM PROTECTIONISM TO GLOBALIZATION: THE ONE BELT, ONE ROAD DYNAMICS IN AFRICA
Get PDFThis study examines the One Belt, One Road Policy of China in Africa with the central aim of depicting the impact of globalization and protectionism. This research work is located within the precincts of globalization and protectionism. Data were obtained through homogenous purpose sampling and content analysis was used to study this work. Certain factors such as globalization, protectionism, trade, barriers and consumers were selected for study in this work. It adopts the theoretical framework of globalization as propounded by Williams I. Robinson who argues that as goods and services get transferred across national borders, their manufacturing and production also get fragmented. It ascertains that globalization allows free trade through broken barriers and it has both positive and negative implications on economies that promote globalization. African economies are bedevilled with ailing industrial sectors and lack of funds to promote capital projects. Should Africa protect its economy and derive the needed capital from trade or should Africa submit to the whims and caprices of China? China is a strong economic ally of most African countries because of trade, infrastructural development and finances. Most African economies are indebted to it, however, the restrictions offered by protectionism promotes the development of industries in Africa as against the huge competition promoted by globalization. While it’s understandable that protectionism offers no innovative potentials, globalization on the other provides global economic growth, job creation, competitive markets and prices. This research work therefore aims to examine the concept of globalization against protectionism, it intends to draw inferences and develop a model that would work for Africans and the Chinese
GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE
Get PDFThis study was carried out to examine gender discrimination and women employment opportunities in Calabar, Cross River State. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the relationship between educational status and women's employment opportunities in Calabar, Cross River State; access the relationship between age and women's employment opportunities in Calabar, Cross River State, and identify the relationship between marital status and women's employment opportunities in Calabar, Cross River State. Relevant literature were reviewed in line with the topic under study. The structural functionalism and feminist perspective formed the theoretical framework for this study. The study adopted survey research design where research questionnaire was used as the main instrument of data collection. The questionnaire was designed in closed ended questions and administered to the respondents. 400 questionnaires were administered and retrieved for analysis. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to sample respondents for the study. Chi-square statistical tool was used to analyze hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. After the analysis of data, the null hypotheses were rejected. The findings revealed that; there is a significant relationship between female genital mutilation and psychological development of the girl child, there is a significant relationship between educational status, age, marital status and women's employment opportunities in Calabar. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others that: Government should provide equal opportunities in education and also within the workforce which will accelerate a woman's career. The significance of equality should start from the classroom by teaching children that gender discrimination is not right. If girls are offered equal opportunities both academically and, in their careers, they will grow up to enter the workplace assured that their talents and abilities will not be overlooked
CYBERSECURITY AS A TOOL OF STATE POWER: ASSESSING THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF OFFENSIVE CYBER OPERATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Get PDFThis paper critically examines cybersecurity as a tool of state power, focusing on the geopolitical implications of offensive cyber operations in the twenty first century. It situates the historical evolution of offensive cyber activities, from early state sponsored intrusions to landmark cases such as Stuxnet, Russian operations in Ukraine, and Chinese cyber espionage, showing how these have redefined strategic competition. The study argues that cyber operations function not only as tools of coercion, deterrence, and hybrid warfare but also as instruments that reshape sovereignty, legitimacy, and balance of power. Using constructivist perspectives, the analysis demonstrates that offensive operations gain meaning and legitimacy through contested norms, discourses of cyber sovereignty, and state identity. Case studies of U S Russia confrontations, U S China rivalry, and the Russia Ukraine war underscore the centrality of cyber strategies in contemporary geopolitics, while regional implications in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East reveal vulnerabilities and opportunities for normative entrepreneurship. The paper further interrogates international legal and normative frameworks, highlighting both the potential and limits of the Tallinn Manual, UN dialogues, and attribution mechanisms. Risks of escalation, attribution dilemmas, blurred state and non-state boundaries, and the disruptive potential of artificial intelligence and quantum computing are critically assessed to project future trends. The key contribution lies in proposing that cyber power be reconceptualised as a socio political as well as technical phenomenon, where procedural innovations in attribution, accountability, and regional governance can help stabilise cyber interactions. In doing so, the study advances scholarship on cybersecurity and international relations by integrating power politics with normative and institutional dimensions
KNOWLEDGE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USAGE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION AMONG STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN SOUTHERN SENATORIAL ZONE OF KADUNA STATE
Get PDFUnplanned pregnancies among young female adults are increasingly becoming a social and economic problem for both society and the respective individual. Each year between 2.2 to 4 million female adolescents resort to unsafe abortion globally, and about 2million are exposed to the risk of reproductive health complications. As a result of the increasing involvement of female adolescents in risky sexual activities coupled with the attendant health challenges associated with the practice, this study examines the knowledge of emergency contraception among students of tertiary institution in Southern, Kaduna State and also identify the factors militating against its usage. Data for the study was obtained through the use of questionnaire survey. The required information was elicited from 270 female respondents selected from the three (3) tertiary institutions chosen for the study. Descriptive statistics such as the use of frequency distribution, percentages and chi-square were employed for data analysis. The study revealed that respondents have low knowledge of emergency contraception in spite their increasing involvement in unprotected sexual relationships. The study also showed that a higher proportion of the respondents demonstrated preference for modern contraceptives to traditional contraceptives. Factors such as fear of untimely death, religious teachings or injunctions, poor knowledge of emergency contraception, cultural disapproval among others were found to have influenced the utilization of emergency contraception. The results of the chi-square test revealed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge of emergency contraception and its usage. Arising from these findings the study recommends that a comprehensive reproductive health services should be provided in all health facilities. Also, besides creating public awareness on the benefits of emergency contraception, this study also advocates for the inclusion of topics on the subject in the general studies curriculum of tertiary institutions
PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF KIDNAPPING IN SOUTHERN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFKidnapping is one of the security challenges Nigeria is faced with and Taraba State is not an exception. Extant literature on kidnapping have mostly captured the discourse on kidnapping from the prism of its historization and causes with paucity of research with regards to the prevalence and consequences especially as it affects Southern Taraba State, Nigeria. This paper therefore, examines kidnapping from its prevalence and consequences on the citizenry in Southern Taraba State Nigeria. The study was anchored on routine activity theory. Exploratory research design was adopted using qualitative method (key Informant Interview and In-depth Interview) for the collection of data. The sample size for this research comprised groups that were either directly or indirectly affected by the cases of kidnappings within the study area. Two sampling procedures involving purposive and snowballing sampling procedures guided this research in the selection of participants. The study found kidnapping to be very high in Southern Taraba giving it a ‘Hobbesian state’- of life been ‘brutish, nasty and short’. It results to waste of human and material resources, increased social disharmony and fear, decline of agricultural trading and commercial activities -which has consequences on youth employment, poverty eradication and food security. The study suggests increased security surveillance, community policing, increased youth employment and poverty eradication as a panacea