Wukari International Studies Journal
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EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL THEFT ON INTERNAL SECURITY OF DELTA STATE
Full text linkThis study examines how economic marginalization and weak governance fuel criminal activities, leading to violent confrontations between security forces and oil thieves, using the Frustration-Aggression Theory. Crude oil theft in Delta State poses significant threats to internal security, contributing to economic losses, environmental degradation, and increased violence. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews among local communities, security personnel, and government officials. Findings indicate that oil theft is driven by unemployment, inadequate government intervention, and the complicity of local elites. Data analysis reveals that areas with high crude oil theft incidents experience increased militia activities, arms proliferation, and organized crime. Qualitative insights highlight the perceived injustice among local youth, who view oil theft as a means of economic survival. Security agencies struggle with inadequate resources and corruption, exacerbating the crisis. Strengthening security frameworks through enhanced intelligence sharing and community policing is recommended to curb oil-related crimes. Additionally, economic empowerment programmes targeting youth in affected areas in Delta State can reduce incentives for criminal participation. This study contributes to the literature by integrating the security and economic dimensions of crude oil theft, unlike previous studies that focused primarily on economic losses. It provides new empirical insights from mixed-methods data, bridging the gap between structural causes and security responses. The findings offer a holistic policy direction, emphasizing both punitive and preventive measures
AFFORESTATION AS A MECHANISM FOR MITIGATING VIOLENT CONFLICTS BETWEEN FARMERS AND HERDERS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Full text linkIn the quest for sustainable peace against the spate of conflicts between Farmers and Herders in Northern Nigeria, this paper examined the viability of afforestation in taming the protracted violent embroil between the two land users which has claimed many lives and property across the region. The new thinking of using tree planting mechanism in ameliorating the causative agents of the conflicts is borne out of the capacity of trees in providing the desired vegetation for both Famers through its capacity to check climate change with its vulnerabilities such desertification, drought, erosion, erratic rainfall, heat waves etc. which often times trigger the South-Ward migration of herders in desperate search for greener pasture and water points which consciously or unconsciously leads to encroachment of famer lands and eventually sparks resentment, mistrust and violent conflicts. This study is obviously a shift from existing studies that pay little or no attention to applying the afforestation strategy in addressing the backgrounds to which conflict erupts between farmer and herders in Nigeria with specific reference to North-central region. The study relied on secondary sources of data collection mainly from newspapers, reports, published journals, and text books. The paper adopted Eco-Violence theory as a framework of analysis. Thus, the study discovered that, mass tree planting can go a long way in addressing our environmental condition through is natural ability to absorb Greenhouse Gases (GHG) which through emission deplete the ozone layer that over time caused change in climate condition,creat favorable vegetation that attract rainfall,etc To this end, the paper suggested greater collaboration of government with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), community heads, religious and traditional institution in achieving the renew thinking, inclusion of Climate Change Education in our schools curriculums and strengthening our legal frameworks for environmental protection against climate change among other policy recommendations
DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY: A STUDY OF THE MUHAMMADU BUHARI’S ADMINISTRATION (2015 – 2021)
Full text linkThis study sets out to ascertain the impact of the domestic environmental variables on Nigeria’s foreign policy, with reference to the Buhari’s administration (2015-2021). To this end, it examined the dependent character of Nigeria’s economy and her security challenges, with a focus on the Boko-Haram insurgency, because not much have been written on the subject, therefore, this study seeks to fill these yawning knowledge gaps. We anchored our analysis on the linkage theory as espoused by Rosenau (1967), Frankel (1972), and adopted the descriptive research design. The study employed the secondary/qualitative method of data collection, while content analysis was utilized for the analysis of data. Essentially, we discovered that the economic down-turn which the Buhari’s administration inherited in 2015, prompted it to seek more financial succor from its bilateral and multilateral partners such as the USA, China, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This trend fosters the dependent status of the Nigerian economy which tends to undermine the development of a consistent and dynamic foreign policy. The rise in the wave of insecurity occasioned by the Boko Haram phenomenon, kidnapping, armed robbery, among others, had a negative impact on Buhari’s economic diplomacy, following the exit of some major foreign investors to other countries with peaceful and stable economic environments. Consequently, the study recommends among others, the transformation of the weak, fragile and dependent economic structure of Nigeria, in other to achieve economic self-reliance
PASTORAL CARE AND MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY. A CASE STUDY OF PASTORS' PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT IN REDEEMED CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF GOD, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.
Full text linkPastoral care serves as a vital framework for addressing mental health literacy among religious leaders, particularly in managing psychological disturbances within faith communities. This study explores the intersection of pastoral care and mental health literacy, with a focus on the psychological distress experienced by Pastors in the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), Ogun State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive method with a qualitative case study approach, the research examines the prevalence of psychological disturbances among pastors, their coping mechanisms, and the effectiveness of structured mental health literacy programs in enhancing their well-being. Findings reveal that while pastors function as primary sources of emotional and spiritual support for congregants, they often lack adequate mental health literacy, leading to difficulties in managing their psychological challenges. The study stressed the impact of targeted training interventions on improving mental health awareness, reducing stigma, and fostering a supportive environment for pastoral leaders. It also highlights the role of faith-based institutions in integrating mental health education into pastoral training curricula and establishing peer support networks to enhance psychological resilience among religious leaders. The research contributes to the growing discourse on mental health literacy within religious settings, advocating for a holistic approach that combines theological insights with psychological expertise. Recommendations include the development of structured ministry-based training in mental health literacy programs tailored to the unique needs of Pastors, with the establishment of collaborative partnerships between religious institutions and mental health professionals
GENDER RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF OLAMABORO 1960 - 2020
Full text linkThis study explores Gender Relations and Its Impact on the Economy of Olamaboro, examining how traditional gender roles and expectations influence economic participation and development within the community. Through qualitative method, the research analyzes the contributions of both men and women to local economic activities, highlighting disparities in access to resources, education, and employment opportunities. Findings reveal that gender relations significantly affect economic outcomes, with women facing systemic barriers that limit their participation in key economic sectors. The study recommends policies aimed at promoting gender equity and empowering women to enhance overall economic growth in Olamaboro. By addressing these gender imbalances, the community can harness the full potential of its population, leading to sustainable development and improved economic resilience. This work contributes to literature on gender and economic history by shedding light on community level experiences and advocating for inclusive policies that promote gender equity in the local economies
PUBLIC POLICY AND THE CHALLENGES OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis article is on public policy and the challenges of rural development. In recent times rural areas in Nigeria is characterized with myriads of challenges limiting the areas from developing. Strange challenges like terrorism and banditry have cost lives and properties with rural unemployment and poverty. To address these challenges, purposive public policy needs to be formulated and implemented in line with robust third tier of government. The structural functionalism theory was adopted to explain the research article. Qualitative research anchored on secondary sources was used. The article recommended that, States and Federal Government should allow local government to operate full autonomy, involvement of the rural populace in policy decisions and the accountability of political leadership in local government administration
THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: CONCEPTUALIZING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSITIONING TO LOW LOW-CARBON ECONOMY
Full text linkDespite escalating climate risks, many economies continue to underprice the long-term costs of inaction, resulting in delayed transitions to sustainable, low-carbon pathways. This study examines the economics of climate change by conceptualizing the costs and benefits of transitioning to a low-carbon economy, with a focused analysis on Nigeria as a case within the global South. Using secondary data, trend analysis, and sectoral estimates from 2015 to 2024, the study evaluates economic losses from climate impacts alongside potential gains from clean energy investments, job creation, and improved public health. Results show that Nigeria incurred over ₦3.5 billion in infrastructure losses from climate-related flooding in 2022 alone, with cumulative annual agricultural losses rising from ₦210 billion in 2015 to ₦370 billion in 2023. Conversely, projections suggest that up to 190,000 green jobs and ₦82 billion in health cost savings could be realized by 2030 through renewable energy deployment and emission reductions. Yet, only 3.5% of global clean energy investment reached Sub-Saharan Africa in 2023, underscoring deep regional disparities. The study highlights the critical role of carbon pricing, clean technology investment, and institutional resilience in delivering equitable and efficient transitions. It recommends that Nigeria and peer economies adopt robust green financing models, strengthen policy coherence, and prioritize adaptation investments in high-risk sectors like agriculture and transport to unlock the full economic potential of climate action
CORPORATE SOCIAL ROLES AND CORPORATE INCOME TAX RELATION
Full text linkCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept of voluntary business activities “whereby corporations integrate social concerns and other environmental concerns into their economic activities. CSR activities could be used to drive the financial performance of an organization upwards, while some corporations undertake them for other reasons, like reduce tax payment. Taxation is vastly seen as a leakage of the motives of the firm since it is paid out of the firm’s profit, this incentivizes tax avoidance and non-compliance. The study recommended that companies should be expected to increase CSR program activities not only for the environment by reforesting the natural damage that has been done to mining activities, but also to the surrounding community so that the surrounding community can take advantage of the company's existence which in the end will improve the standard of living of the surrounding community and gain legitimacy for the company so that the company's operations become smoother and do not get rejection from the community
THE DILEMMA OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs): BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND REALITY
Full text linkInternal displacement remains a critical humanitarian and ethical issue, especially in Nigeria, where it is driven by entrenched socio-political dynamics. While existing literature highlights legal and policy frameworks, these often overlook the lived, context-specific realities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Africa. A persistent gap exists between theoretical models and local experiences. This study addresses this disconnect by foregrounding the complex realities of displacement in Nigeria.
The research employs a contextually grounded, mixed-methods approach. It combines a comprehensive review of relevant literature and policy documents with fieldwork conducted in Abuja, Nigeria. Data includes in-depth interviews with IDPs and key stakeholders, enabling a robust analysis of both theoretical assumptions and on-the-ground conditions.
Engaging critically with legal and humanitarian paradigms, the study challenges dominant frameworks that universalize displacement. It argues for an epistemic shift toward context-sensitive models that reflect the cultural and socio-political particularities of Nigerian IDPs.
Findings reveal significant shortcomings, despite the presence of international conventions and national policies, IDPs continue to face structural marginalization, inadequate access to resources, and poor coordination among humanitarian actors. Interview data illustrate a pronounced misalignment between policy intentions and the lived experiences of displaced persons, particularly in terms of agency, representation, and adaptive capacity.
The research concludes that current protection frameworks inadequately address the realities of Nigerian IDPs. A fundamental rethinking of displacement response is required, one that centres on local knowledge and conditions.
This study bridges the theory-practice divide and advances a more grounded framework for humanitarian action. Its focus on local voices marks a shift from abstraction to practical relevance.
The study advocates for adaptive, locally-informed strategies that prioritize agency, resource flexibility, and cross-sectoral coordination in addressing internal displacement
NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL THREATS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN ARMY CYBERWARFARE COMMAND
Full text linkResearch Problem:
Nigeria faces escalating cyber threats with direct implications for national security, yet its cyber defence architecture remains underdeveloped. Despite the establishment of the Nigerian Army Cyber Warfare Command (NACWC), institutional weaknesses, inadequate resources, and limited public trust continue to undermine resilience. Existing studies often highlight cybercrime as a growing concern, but rarely examine the institutional and political dimensions.
Methods/Theory:
The study employed a mixed-methods design, combining structured surveys with key informant interviews to capture quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The analysis was anchored in Cybersecurity Theory and Securitisation Theory, which together explain how socio-technical weaknesses and weak securitisation framing intersect to shape cyber defense outcomes.
Results:
Findings revealed that NACWC suffers from a significant human resources deficit, with limited numbers of skilled cyber operators and ICT specialists. Second, the Command relies on outdated infrastructure, constraining its ability to monitor, detect, and respond to cyber threats effectively. Cybersecurity Theory frames these as deficits in adaptive resilience, where both technology and human expertise must evolve.
Conclusion:
Nigeria's cyber defense remains fragile, not only due to technical limitations but also because of institutional gaps and the weak securitization of cyber threats.
Key Contribution to Knowledge:
This study extends cybersecurity research in Nigeria by linking institutional fragility with securitisation dynamics, providing context-specific insights into the structural barriers facing military-led cyber defense.
Recommendation:
The government should invest in continuous capacity-building through advanced training and international exchange programmes, modernise cyber infrastructure, and foster indigenous innovation through policy-driven support