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Die Integration von Design Thinking in das Scrum-Framework
Get PDFDiese Arbeit untersucht die Integration von Design Thinking in das Scrum-Framework und bietet eine Analyse sowie Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen, die ein solches Konzept implementieren möchten. Zunächst werden die Grundlagen von Design Thinking und Scrum vorgestellt, danach wird eine detaillierte Untersuchung anhand ihrer Kernkonzepte durchgeführt. Anhand von zwei bereits konzipierten Integrationsansätzen werden Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und Handlungsempfehlungen herausgearbeitet. Die Auswahl zwischen den Ansätzen hängt von spezifischen Anforderungen und Zielen eines Projekts sowie den vorhandenen Ressourcen ab. Schließlich werden Herausforderungen der Integration diskutiert.This thesis examines the integration of Design Thinking into the Scrum framework and provides an analysis and recommendations for action for companies that want to implement such a concept. First, the basics of Design Thinking and Scrum will be introduced, followed by a detailed investigation based on their core concepts. Using two integration approaches that have already been designed, similarities, differences and recommendations for action are identified. The choice between the approaches depends on the specific requirements and objectives of a project as well as the available resources. Finally, challenges of the integration are discussed
Managing space debris : risks, mitigation measures, and sustainability challenges
No full textSpace debris consists of non-functional, human-made objects remaining in Earth's orbit or entering the atmosphere, creating significant challenges for space operations. Current surveillance systems track nearly 40,000 larger debris fragments, yet it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of smaller pieces and millions of tiny, untracked particles further contribute to the risk of high-velocity collisions. These objects threaten spacecraft integrity, satellite functionality, and the long-term sustainability of space activities. This review article investigates the hazards posed by space debris, providing an overview of its impact on satellite operations, crewed space missions, and orbital stability. It examines risk mitigation strategies, including the enforcement of stricter disposal regulations, advancements in satellite design for controlled re-entry or deorbiting, and the active removal of large debris objects. A structured approach to space debris mitigation is also explored, outlining a proposed four-step strategy: designing spacecraft for impact resistance, implementing advanced remote tracking and monitoring systems, integrating onboard detection and avoidance mechanisms, and developing impact mitigation strategies to minimize damage. Additionally, the importance of enhanced tracking technologies and international cooperation is underscored, as collective efforts are necessary to address this escalating issue. Increasing awareness of the growing risks and exploring practical mitigation strategies strengthens ongoing efforts to safeguard space activities and ensure the long-term viability of Earth's orbital environment.PeerReviewe
Weight dynamics of learning networks
No full textNeural networks have become a widely adopted tool for tackling a variety of problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence. In this contribution, we use the mathematical framework of local stability analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the learning dynamics of feedforward neural networks. We derive equations for the tangent operator of the learning dynamics of three-layer networks learning regression tasks. The results are valid for an arbitrary number of nodes and arbitrary choices of activation functions. Applying the results to a network learning a regression task, we investigate numerically how stability indicators relate to the final training loss. Although the specific results vary with different choices of initial conditions and activation functions, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict the final training loss by monitoring finite-time Lyapunov exponents during the training process.PeerReviewe
Coping and quality of life of parents of children with achondroplasia : a narrative review
No full textBackground: Caring for individuals with a chronic disease imposes a substantial burden on parents, significantly impacting their quality of life. For parents of children with achondroplasia, caregiving has notable implications for coping mechanisms and overall wellbeing. This review summarizes findings on these parents’ coping strategies and quality of life. Methods: A narrative approach was employed to synthesize research on parental outcomes related to caring for a child with achondroplasia. The PRISMA chart flow was utilized to present the article screening strategy and results, following established guidelines for systematic reviews. Results: The review reveals a scarcity of studies examining the impact of caring for a child with achondroplasia on parental outcomes, with only two studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies suggest that having a child with achondroplasia significantly affects parental coping and quality of life, indicating substantial emotional and social implications. Additionally, no specific tools or measures to assess outcomes for these parents, highlighting a significant gap in research and resources. Conclusion: The parental experience of caring for a child with achondroplasia involves significant emotional and social challenges. Stressors from emotional distress, social isolation, altered family dynamics, and demanding healthcare interactions underscore the need for robust support systems. Addressing the research gaps requires developing and validating specific measures to assess the outcomes for parents of children with achondroplasia accurately. This will encourage further research and guide the development and evaluation of interventions to improve the coping and QoL of parents of children with achondroplasia.PeerReviewe
Adoption of AI-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Checklist for Healthcare Providers Based on a Narrative Review of AI Evaluation Resources and Expert Interviews
No full textBackground: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to support healthcare professionals and improve patients’ outcomes. AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are reported to be particularly promising. To ensure the suitability of an AI-CDSS and prevent negative impacts, healthcare providers should ask the ‘right’ questions before adoption. However, there is yet no evaluation tool for AI-CDSS adoption publicly available. This thesis aimed to (1) identify guidelines and evaluation tools applicable to the adoption of CDSS and AI, and (2) synthesise AI-CDSS adoption considerations in a checklist for healthcare providers.
Methods: Trustworthy AI evaluation tools were previously identified in a scoping review by the author and colleagues. Guidelines and evaluation tools for other pre-identified categories of AI-CDSS adoption considerations were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google. Additional data was collected through four semi-structured interviews with experts who have backgrounds in medicine, bioethics and law, and the social science of the internet. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, while items from each literature source were categorised to summarise and structure AI-CDSS adoption considerations.
Results: A total of 76 literature sources, published between 2011 and 2025 and originating mainly from developed countries, were included. The majority of these sources focused on trustworthy AI or AI maturity, though guidance and evaluation tools related to other adoption categories were also identified. Their items were synthesised into a list of 227 AI-CDSS adoption questions covering the following categories: (1) regulatory and legal compliance, (2) utility, (3) trustworthy AI, (4) economic aspects, (5) usability, (6) workflow integration, (7) AI maturity, and (8) vendor reliability, support, and agreements. The expert interviews verified considerations covered by the list and helped to identify the most relevant ones. They also provided guidance on the development of an AI-CDSS adoption checklist with 20 questions.
Conclusions: The checklist integrates findings from 76 literature sources and four expert interviews. It can support both the decision whether an AI-CDSS should be adopted and the deployment of a system. While feedback on the checklist has been received from three experts and incorporated, a Delphi study involving a larger number of experts from diverse disciplines would enhance its usefulness. Furthermore, the checklist’s practicality needs to be tested in the real-world, and it should be updated as the use of AI in healthcare continues to evolve
Gesundheitskompetenz, Gesundheitszustand und Einsamkeitsempfinden unter Studierenden : Eine Mixed-Method-Untersuchung von Zusammenhängen im Kontext des Hochschulmoduls „CCGinteraktiv: House of Health“
Get PDFHintergrund: Das Studium geht mit akademischen und sozialen Anforderungen einher, die das Einsamkeitsempfinden und den Gesundheitszustand von Studierenden beeinflussen können. Als Lebenswelt von Studierenden hat die Hochschule die Möglichkeit, Ressourcen für die Bewältigung der Anforderungen zu fördern. Das Hochschulmodul „CCGinteraktiv: House of Health“ der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg hat zum Ziel, die Gesundheitskompetenz als Ressource für die Gesundheit Studierender zu fördern. Offen ist jedoch, wie sich die Gesundheitskompetenz bei einer Teilnahme am Modul tatsächlich verändert, wie die Studierenden das Modul wahrnehmen und wie sich die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Gesundheitskompetenz und dem Einsamkeitsempfinden der teilnehmenden Studierenden gestalten. Für diese Arbeit ergeben sich daher die Forschungsfragestellungen (1) „Wie verändert sich die Gesundheitskompetenz der Studierenden während der Teilnahme am Hochschulmodul „CCGinteraktiv: House of Health“?“, (2) „Welche Zusammenhänge liegen zwischen der Gesundheitskompetenz der Studierenden, ihrem Einsamkeitsempfinden und ihrem allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand vor?“ und (3) „Wie wird das Modul „CCGinteraktiv: House of Health“ von den teilnehmenden Studierenden wahrgenommen und bewertet?“
Methodik: Zur Bearbeitung der Forschungsfragen wurde ein Mixed-Method-Ansatz mit einer quantitativen Längsschnittuntersuchung der Gesundheitskompetenz, des Gesundheitszustandes und des Einsamkeitsempfindens vor und nach der Teilnahme am Modul mit einem zeitlichen Abstand von ca. drei Monaten verwendet. Ergänzend wurden beim zweiten Messzeitpunkt qualitative Items zu Veränderungen der Gesundheitskompetenz sowie deren Zusammenhang mit Einsamkeit hinzugefügt. Außerdem erfolgte die separate Erhebung einer Lehrevaluation und soziodemografischer Daten. Die Datenauswertung umfasste gepaarte t-Tests, bivariate Korrelationstests, eine Mediationsanalyse und eine zusammenfassende Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.
Ergebnisse: Die quantitative Auswertung von 15 Studierenden bei der ersten und 12 Studierenden bei der zweiten Erhebung zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Gesundheitskompetenz, jedoch wiesen qualitative Daten auf eine tendenzielle Verbesserung dieser hin. Das Einsamkeitsempfinden korrelierte statistisch signifikant mit der Gesundheitskompetenz, insbesondere mit den Fähigkeiten der Selbstwahrnehmung sowie der Kommunikation und Kooperation. Die Voraussetzungen für die Mediationsanalyse waren nicht erfüllt, sodass die Analysen nicht wie geplant durchgeführt werden konnten. Von den Studierenden wurden der Veranstaltungszeitpunkt und inhaltliche Wiederholungen zu anderen Modulen kritisiert, während insbesondere das Veranstaltungsformat und die Lernatmosphäre als positiv hervorgehoben wurden.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse liefern Anhaltspunkte für die Optimierung der Gesundheitskompetenz sowie für Zusammenhänge dieser mit dem Einsamkeitsempfinden. Für die weiterführende Untersuchung von Zusammenhängen zwischen den betrachteten Variablen ist die quantitative Forschung anhand Stichproben mit größerer statistischer Power sinnvoll
Große Wissenslücken bei Konsumenten : Produktwahrnehmung bei Tomaten untersucht – Teil 1 einer Studie der HAW Hamburg
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On-road vehicle aerodynamics with a large-scale stereoscopic-PIV setup : “the Ring of Fire”
No full textThis paper presents the first full-scale particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements to analyze the flow field of a car under real driving conditions. The Ring of Fire (RoF) measurement concept, introduced by Terra et al. (Exp Fluids 58:83, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2331-0), is adapted to automotive demands to validate CFD simulations for further improvements of vehicle aerodynamics. The experiment consists of a tunnel setup, where neutrally buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles are used as flow tracers and are illuminated by two high-speed lasers. Four high-speed cameras captured the particles motion in two separate Stereo-PIV configurations with fields of view of 1.3 0.6 m2 and 2.8 2.2 m2. Data for a Volkswagen up!, while driving on a test track at a constant speed of 33.33 m/s, was acquired for the wake and the side mirror region and processed with standard multi-pass PIV algorithms, in order to quantify the flow field and estimate limits of the described measurement principle for on-road car aerodynamics. The resulting ensemble averaged velocity fields are compared with CFD simulations, showing agreement for the here considered cases within 7.0–9.7%, based on the root-mean-square error between the experimental and the numerical results. Furthermore, drag calculation from the obtained velocity fields based on moment conservation is performed and the percent difference to wind tunnel measurements reaches values below 3.0%.PeerReviewe
