SRN Intellectual Journals
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The Impact of Income Inequality, Human Development, Gender Development and Open Unemployment on Economic Growth in Indonesia
Full text linkGood economic growth reflects equitable income distribution and high labour absorption, leading to job creation. Addressing economic development is a government priority in Indonesia to tackle poverty, inequality, income disparity, and unemployment. This study investigates the impacts of income inequality, human development, gender development, and open unemployment on economic growth in Indonesia using panel data regression from 34 provinces (2015-2022). Data on income inequality, the human development index, the gender development index, and the open unemployment rate are from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia, while economic growth data are from the SIMREG Bappenas. The results indicate that the fixed effects model is optimal. Income inequality, the human development index, and the open unemployment rate negatively and significantly affect economic growth, while the gender development index has a positive and significant effect. This study proposes that the Indonesian government should consider implementing measures to reduce income inequality through taxation policies and enhance education, healthcare, and infrastructure in remote areas
Effective Customer Relationship Marketing: Roadmap to Organization’s Optimal Customer Retention
Full text linkCustomer Relationship Marketing (CRM) is a strategic approach focused on managing customer interactions to foster long-term loyalty. It aims to deliver personalized, relevant, consistent experiences across multiple channels, enhancing value for the business and its customers. As CRM is not a universal solution, its efficacy varies across organizations and is influenced by unique opportunities and challenges specific to each context. This essay critically examines the extant CRM literature to identify the key factors affecting customer retention, such as customer satisfaction, trust, and engagement. Based on this analysis, we propose a conceptual framework to guide businesses in developing CRM strategies that align with their objectives, resources, and capabilities. This framework emphasizes the importance of comprehending customer needs, leveraging data for personalization, and ensuring a seamless cross-channel experience. In conclusion, this essay proposes recommendations for future CRM research, suggesting that further investigation is necessary to address emerging trends and technologies, such as AI and big data, that are transforming the CRM landscape. Organizations can strengthen customer relationships and achieve sustainable business success by adopting a tailored approach to CRM
The Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic has altered the perception of poverty, necessitating rapid and urgent implementation of an affirmative policy. COVID-19 has significantly affected the economy, health, children\u27s education, and employment rates. The Central Bureau of Statistics reported that the number of low-income families in Indonesia\u27s urban and rural areas in 2020 was 26.42 million. This figure increased by 5.09 percent compared with 2019, which was 25.14 million. This issue is challenging to address because of budgetary constraints. Numerous policies have been implemented to mitigate poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic, but these efforts have not yielded significant results. This study aims to analyze the implementation of poverty alleviation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia. This mixed-methodology study collected data through surveys with 150 respondents and in-depth interviews with ten low-income families, community leaders, and local government actors. These results indicate that poverty alleviation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully implemented. Inhibiting factors include the accessibility of poverty programs and activities, the high number of impoverished individuals affected by COVID-19, and the diversion of local government funds to address COVID-19
A Study of Clean Water Resources Development Policy in Atambua at Belu Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkDeveloping clean water resources is essential for policies addressing populations that lack access to safe potable water. Belu Regency is classified as underdeveloped, partially due to the community\u27s limited capacity to manage existing water resources for basic needs. This study investigates the implementation of clean water resource development policies in the Belu Regency and identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, this study involves stakeholders such as government entities, private sector organizations, businesses, and non-governmental organizations. Data collection encompasses library and field research through observations, interviews, and documentation. These findings indicate effective policy implementation; however, the objectives have not been fully achieved. Supporting factors include community and stakeholder participation while inhibiting factors include communication, resource capability, implementers\u27 attitudes, and the bureaucratic structure. The study concluded that single-region management may result in conflicts of interest in water regulation between the residents of the two regions. Consequently, collaboration between the government and stakeholders is necessary, involving an integrated water resource management pattern with participation from the community, religious leaders, and business sector, based on UNDP provisions. This cooperation is feasible because of the strong emotional and cultural ties between the two countries\u27 populations
Implementation of the Role-Playing to Develop Speaking Skills for Early Childhood
Full text linkSome kindergarten children exhibit delayed speech development and require an appropriate learning methodology to enhance their speaking skills during early childhood, specifically between the ages of 4-5 years. This study aimed to investigate the application of role-playing in developing speaking skills and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for developing speaking abilities in kindergarten children aged 4-5 years in Samarinda, Indonesia. This qualitative study employed observations, interviews, and documentation as data-collection techniques. Data sources were derived from primary data, namely principals, homeroom teachers, and representatives of the curriculum section, whereas secondary data were obtained from documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method in three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicated that role-playing in developing the speaking skills of children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten is determined by the theme, sub-theme, topic of activities, and play materials. It is implemented using a rolling system wherein the teacher explains the child\u27s role, provides examples, and elucidates the game\u27s rules regarding subsequent play activities. The teacher then invited the children to select their roles and read storylines. Once the child comprehends the activities, the teacher encourages the child to engage in play. The teacher\u27s responsibility is to supervise while posing questions to obtain information about the child\u27s play experience while providing examples of communication by delivering appropriate vocabulary. Evaluation of role-playing involves indirect observations during children\u27s play, assessment of children\u27s work, notes on children\u27s developmental observations, and indicators that serve as learning targets
Literary and Historical Notes of Pennsylvania Colony: A Model of Multicultural Society
Full text linkAmerican society\u27s multicultural nature stems from its diverse ethnicities, cultures, religions, and denominations underpinned by democratic principles as the foundation of its sociopolitical system. This diversity is not a spontaneous occurrence but the result of a long historical process dating back to the colonial era. The Pennsylvania colony is considered one of the significant contributors to early American multicultural society. This study examines the strategies employed by William Penn, the colony\u27s proprietor, to establish Pennsylvania\u27s multicultural foundation. Utilizing Nash Smith\u27s interdisciplinary approach, which combines historical and literary perspectives, this research identifies three key strategies implemented by Penn to foster equal relationships through friendship: incorporating a tolerance clause in the First Frame of Government, which served as the colony\u27s constitution, and recognizing the life and liberty of each ethnic group. The first strategy aimed to persuade various ethnic groups, particularly Native Americans, to coexist peacefully with European settlers, as illustrated in the poem "Treaty of Penn." The second strategy provides a legal framework to ensure mutual trust among all inhabitants. The third strategy represented the practical application of the second strategy and demonstrated William Penn\u27s commitment, as evidenced in a letter he wrote in London before founding the Pennsylvania colony. These strategies were rooted in Penn\u27s Quaker beliefs, which emphasized the equality of all human beings, regardless of race, gender, nationality, religion, language, or other differences
Unveiling the Impact of ESG Reporting on Stock Returns: Insights from India\u27s Top 500 Companies
Full text linkHigh-profile cases of corporate financial misconduct, such as those involving Satyam and Enron, have prompted regulatory authorities to introduce mandatory disclosure requirements regarding non-financial activities. These regulations aim to enhance transparency and enable stakeholders to better understand a firm’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) implemented a pivotal policy mandating the top 500 publicly listed companies, ranked by market capitalization, to publish annual Business Responsibility Reports (BRRs). This study investigates the impact of these disclosure requirements from the perspective of investors by examining and comparing the financial performance of the affected firms before and after the regulation\u27s implementation. The analysis reveals a notable trend: a greater proportion of firms experienced negative stock returns following compliance with the non-financial disclosure mandate, compared to those that recorded positive returns. To further explore this phenomenon, a focused analysis was conducted on a subset of 50 companies within the top 500, selected based on their ESG ratings as assessed by Standard & Poor’s. The results indicate a significant decline in financial returns among firms with strong ESG performance after 2015, suggesting a potential inverse relationship between ESG compliance and short-term financial outcomes during the post-regulation perio
A Framework for the Adoption of Marketing Automation Strategies by Impact Tech Start-ups in South Africa
Full text linkThis study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption and sustainability of marketing automation tools among Impact Tech Startups (ITS) in South Africa. Amid accelerating digital transformation, marketing automation offers startups a pathway to scale operations, personalize customer engagement, and optimize limited resources. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research draws on in-depth interviews with sixteen ITS founders and managers to explore internal and external factors shaping adoption decisions and long-term sustainability outcomes. Findings highlight internal enablers such as leadership commitment, financial support, and employee capability as foundational to successful adoption. Leadership and funding were key drivers, while employee readiness emerged as both a challenge and an opportunity for capacity building. Externally, customer demands for personalized, real-time interactions and competitive market pressures strongly influenced adoption behavior. Although some participants reported experiencing persistent vendor marketing, reactions varied, ranging from appreciation to resistance, underscoring the importance of trust, timing, and relevance in vendor outreach. Marketing automation is broadly perceived as enhancing the sustainability of ITS by increasing brand visibility, improving operational efficiency, and enabling scalable customer acquisition. For early-stage startups, these tools have become essential to achieving business continuity and growth through cost-effective marketing strategies. This study expands the limited literature on marketing automation in emerging markets and startup contexts. It provides practical insights for startup founders, policymakers, and technology vendors seeking to support digital adoption. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the need for context-sensitive strategies and policy frameworks that align with the dynamic challenges faced by startups in resource-constrained environments
The Effect of Working Capital Management on the Performance of Malaysian Public Listed Companies
No full textWorking capital management plays a crucial role in today’s organizations for maintaining efficiency. Despite the significance of this topic, empirical evidence of the relationship between working capital and performance in Malaysia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic is still scarce. This study aims to investigate the effect of working capital management on the company\u27s performance of Malaysian listed firms. Average collection period, inventory turnover, average payment period, and cash conversion cycle are adopted as proxies for working capital management, and profitability is measured by return on assets (ROA). Panel data on 78 firms from the consumer non-cyclical sector, listed on Bursa Malaysia between 2021 and 2023, are employed. The results indicate that the average level of WCM represented by CCC is 105 days. This implies that companies need more than three months to transform their working capital into cash inflows. The panel data analysis demonstrates that CCC is significantly and negatively related to firm performance, which implies firms with shorter CCC have better financial performance. The results provide new empirical evidence and strategic insight into the firm’s performance in relation to working capital management
Identifying Key Challenges and Opportunities of Green Bonds for Sustainable Finance in ASEAN
Full text linkThe increasing global awareness of sustainability has led to the growth of green bonds as an essential financial instrument in ASEAN countries, particularly Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. This study explores the implementation of green bonds as a sustainable financing tool while identifying key challenges and opportunities in the region. The research aims to analyze the role of government policies, investor awareness, and regulatory frameworks in the adoption of green bonds. Using a qualitative research method with a literature review approach, this study examines previous findings on green bond implementation and evaluates its impact on sustainable finance. The results indicate that while ASEAN countries have taken significant steps toward green bond adoption, challenges such as low domestic awareness, inconsistent reporting standards, and limited green projects hinder market growth. Indonesia and Vietnam face regulatory and investor education gaps, while Malaysia and Thailand require better market incentives. Singapore leads in standardization and financial infrastructure but still faces challenges in expanding domestic green investment. The study concludes that harmonized policies, improved transparency, and stronger investor incentives are crucial for enhancing green bond adoption in ASEAN. Strengthening sustainable finance through green bonds will not only support environmental objectives but also provide economic growth opportunities for the region