International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Not a member yet
3901 research outputs found
Sort by
Pattern of adverse drug reactions with chemotherapeutic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of North India: a retrospective study
Get PDFBackground: Adverse drug reactions are important causes of mortality and morbidity in the patients. Early detection, evaluation and monitoring of ADRs is essential to improve public health.
Methods: This was an observational, non-interventional and retrospective study conducted at the ADR monitoring centre of a tertiary care hospital of North India. Suspected ADR forms reported over a period of 4 years involving at least one chemotherapeutic drug with at least one dose were analyzed.
Results: A total of 261 chemotherapeutic drugs associated ADRs were analyzed. Out of these, maximum numbers of ADRs were reported by males (54%). Maximum reporting was done by Skin and VD department (37.93%). Causality assessment was probable in maximum number of cases (54%). Most common ADRs were skin rashes (21.46%), followed by jaundice, urticaria and fixed drug eruptions. Maximum ADRs were suspected to be caused by Anti tubercular drugs (31.42%) followed by anticancer drugs (14.56%).
Conclusions: ADRs due to antibiotics and anticancer drugs is a significant health problem
Does COVID-19 cause erectile dysfunction in males?
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic brought on by the SARS-COV-2 is a novel healthcare problem. A cytokine storm caused by the hyper-inflammation present in this pandemic leads to serious consequences such micro thrombosis. There have been reports of some male genital organs being impacted by very severe illness instances, leading to erectile dysfunction (ED). Given the high rate of COVID-19 transmission, ED could also be a serious outcome for a sizable portion of the population. It is still little understood and is crucial given that the virus has been discovered in pensile tissue. In this account, we sought to compile potential explanations for the ED development driven by COVID-19. The psychological toll of COVID-19 and endothelial dysfunction, which are among the routes of ED, are now better understood according to recent research
Examining mental health of medical students: a DASS21 scale assessment
Get PDFBackground: Stress is a global phenomenon that affects nearly everyone. The medical curriculum is often regarded as one of the most difficult professional degree courses in the world, and so the prevalence of stress is clear. Because of this trend, the pupils' mental health must be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to gather information about stress levels among undergraduate medical students.
Methods: The research was carried out at the RUHS college of medical sciences. Data was acquired using Google Forms via a self-administered questionnaire that contained students' consent and semester information. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions based on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21).
Results: The response rate of this study was 91.02% (213/234). The study also revealed more active female participation than male respondents. Out of the total responses (n=234), 54.6% were females and 44.8% were male. The analysis showed that medical students had experienced higher levels of depression (55%), and anxiety (64%) relative to stress (34%). Female students were found more anxious and depressed.
Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students. Preventive approaches for improving student mental health are so required
A case report on angioedema induced by ramipril in a patient treated in a tertiary care hospital in north India
Get PDFAngioedema is non-pitting edema, or swelling, of the area beneath the deep dermis, subcutaneous, and/or mucosal layers of tissue resulting from fluid buildup, and it can be fatal if the larynx and pharynx are implicated. Drug-induced angioedema, like other cutaneous drug reactions, is most frequently elicited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-lactam antibiotics, while reliable information obtained from epidemiologic research is lacking. The latest studies have revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have an increasing role in the development of life-threatening angioedema. Because of its safety and efficacy, ramipril is a commonly prescribed ACEI. This case report describes the clinical manifestations, management, and outcome of ramipril-induced facial angioedema in a 70-year-old Indian man
Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria
Get PDFBackground: Acne is a chronic inflammatory process in the pilosebaceous glands. The appearance of acne is a process of follicular hyper-keratinization, which causes blockage of the pores so that the hair follicles are blocked by bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes. Clove flower oil contains eugenol compounds which have the strongest activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Methods: In this research, antibacterial activity tests were carried out on clove flower oil with various concentrations and nano-emulsion gel preparations were made with a clove flower oil concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.5%, which was then tested for antibacterial activity on the nano-emulsion gel preparations of clove flower oil measured using a caliper and the diameter of the inhibition zone produced was recorded.
Results: the results of the organoleptic research showed that the color was yellow, transparent and had a distinctive odor, homogeneity showed that there were no coarse particles, viscosity was still within the required range, pH showed that the pH was still within the required range of 4.5-6.5, particle size test was below 200 nm, cycling test showed that it was stable during storage at hot and cold temperatures for 6 cycles of P. acnes inhibitory clove flower oil nano-emulsion preparation with a concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.% respectively have resistance of 11.60 mm, 13.53 mm, 15.76 mm
Conclusions: From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that clove flower oil can be formulated into a nano-emulsion gel preparation, is stable during cycling tests, and has a particle size below 200 nm. Nano-emulsion gel formulations have the greatest antibacterial activity compared to emulsion gel formulations
Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported at the adverse drug reaction monitoring centre at tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Get PDFBackground: The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported at ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in Punjab.
Methods: This observational retrospective study was done in department of Pharmacology, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 148 ADRs were reported during the study period. Each ADR was analyzed for demographic data and characteristics of ADR. Assessment of causality, severity and preventability was done according to WHO UMC scale, modified Hartwig and Siegel scale and Modified Schumock and Thornton Preventability Scale respectively.
Results: A total of 148 ADRs were reported from both outpatients and in patients of various departments. Most of the ADRs were found in males (55%) and patients of age group 31-45 years (33%). Majority of ADRs were reported from dermatology department (40%). Overall, 38% of ADRs were due to antimicrobial drugs. Most of the ADRs were reported as possible (57%), followed by probable (41%) as per WHO causality assessment. Most of the ADRs were moderate severity (83%). 97% of the ADRs were found to be definitely preventable type.
Conclusions: We concluded that most of the ADRs were reported from antimicrobial drugs, so it is advisable to have close monitoring of the antimicrobial drug therapy to prevent ADRs in the patients. Although the majority of ADRs were moderate in nature but mostly were recovered. The study of ADRs in a particular institute using demographic patterns will contribute to patient safety by sensitizing the clinicians in that particular institute
A review of interventional schizophrenia trials registered in clinical trials registry of India
Get PDFBackground: The current therapies for schizophrenia are targeted at reducing the severity of symptoms and they do not cure the disease. The research in this field is going on for many years. The present study was designed to access the current status of interventional studies conducted in schizophrenia based on studies registered in the CTRI.
Methods: Interventional studies for schizophrenia registered on CTRI from 2007 to May 2022 were reviewed and analysed, using the keyword “schizophrenia”. Parameters such as number of studies, year wise distribution of the studies registered, status of the studies at the time of analysis, types of study designs, randomization, blinding, geographical distribution, type of intervention.
Results: Out of 42952 studies registered with CTRI from 2007 to May 2022, 323 studies exclusively involved schizophrenia which accounts for only 0.75% of the total studies. 206 were interventional studies. Among the interventional studies 188 were randomized and 87 were blinded. Of all the interventional studies 141(68.4%) involved pharmacological interventions (Allopathy), 53 (25.7%) were non drug interventions, the rest were AYUSH. Of the 141 studies involving pharmacological interventions 28 were comparative studies with active control, 23 were addon studies, 14 were single arm efficacy and safety studies and 76 were BA/BE studies.
Conclusions: The study showed a rise in schizophrenia interventional study registries in the last 5 years. However, it highlighted the need to conduct more comparative studies with active control or efficacy and safety studies rather than BA/BE studies, in order to propose better alternatives to the existing therapy
Cosmetovigilance: knowledge, attitude and practice study
Get PDFBackground: Adverse reactions due to cosmetics should be reported to avoid similar incidences and is highly required to evaluate the risks and benefits of ingredients used in cosmetics.
Methods: This study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetovigilance among PGs, interns, and consumers of cosmetics. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire- based study conducted among 180 participants of SSMC Tumkur, Karnataka, in India for a period of 1 month.
Results: The Results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics.: About 46.1% of the participants were aware about the concept of cosmetovigilance. Only an average of about 5% of participants practiced this concept but the attitude towards this concept was satisfactory.
Conclusions: Overall the participants had a less satisfactory overview of this concept and hence educational interventions can aid in serving the purpose especially among medical students
Effect of oral clonidine premedication on attenuating haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation during general anaesthesia
Get PDFBackground: Laryngoscopy with or without tracheal intubation evokes a defense mechanism that in turn alters patients’ haemodynamic responses in terms of increased heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). Aim of current investigation was to study the efficacy of orally administered clonidine in a dose of 3-3.5 µg/kg given 90 minutes prior to scheduled time of the surgery, in attenuating the adverse haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea.
Methods: Eighty normotensive patients between 20-60 years of age and having ASA grade I/II physical status were subdivided in two groups with 40 patients in each; test group received clonidine in a dose of 3-3.5 mcg/kg of body weight orally, 90 min before surgery and control group did not receive clonidine premedication. Induction was done with Thiopentone intravenous injection (5 mg/kg), followed by succinylcholine (1-1.5 mg/kg).
Results: Haemodynamic responses in terms of parameters like HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at pre induction and at 1, 2, 3, 5 minutes following laryngoscopy. The 1-minute post induction values of SBP, DBP, MAP were significantly less in clonidine group (p<0.001) and the significance in listed parameters between two groups persisted until 5 minutes. Increase in HR was less in clonidine group than in control group.
Conclusions: Premedication with oral clonidine 3-3.5 mcg/kg of body weight, 90 minutes before laryngoscopy and intubation is an efficient, simple and inexpensive method in attenuating the haemodynamic response generated due to laryngoscopy and intubation
Anaphylaxis to oral misoprostol in a term pregnant patient who is non-allergic to vaginal misoprostol-a case report
Get PDFMisoprostol (PGE1) is a drug that is very commonly used in obstetrics for labour induction. Apart from its side effect of causing congenital malformations in offspring of users who have unsuccessfully used it as an abortifacient, it is considered a safe drug with few side effects. We here report a severe hypersensitivity reaction to misoprostol in a 33-year-old term pregnant patient who is non-allergic to vaginal misoprostol. The patient developed anaphylactic features like swelling of lips, low voice due to laryngeal oedema, and bradycardia. Prompt administration of adrenaline and emergent caesarean section allowed for the safe delivery of the neonate. When inducing labour, quick identification and treatment of anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions are necessary to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality