Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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New Approaches to Improve the Intranasal Absorption of Insulin
Get PDFInsulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. Due to its large molecular weight and short half-life, it has been usually administered subcutaneously accompanied with side effects such as the possibility of hypoglycemia episodes, weight gain, pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, nerve damage and inadequate post meal glucose control. In order to overcome these limitations, alternative delivery routes of insulin are expected to provide better safety and compliance for the patient. Non-invasive insulin delivery system represents one of the most challenging goals for pharmaceutical industry. Nasal insulin delivery has been extensively studied as an alternative to subcutaneous injection for the treatment of diabetes. The pharmacokinetic profile of nasal insulin is similar to that obtained by intravenous injection. Nasal drug administration has been used as an alternative route for the local or systemic availability of drugs restricted to intravenous administration. This is due to the large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, high total blood flow, the avoidance of first-pass metabolism and ready accessibility. The nasal administration of drugs, including numerous compound, peptide and protein drugs, for systemic medication has been widely investigated in recent years. Drugs are cleared rapidly from the nasal cavity after intranasal administration, resulting in rapid systemic drug absorption. This review describes the main barriers preventing nasal insulin absorption and special attention is given to new approaches to improve the intranasal absorption of insulin, including the application of new safe absorption enhancers and the use of appropriate delivery systems. It seems that bioadhesive delivery systems or water-insoluble powders with absorption enhancers are the most promising methods for intranasal delivery of insulin
The Role Of Technology In Promoting Wellness Tourism: A Case Study Of Thrissur, Kerala
Get PDFThis research paper explores the implications of technology in promoting wellness tourism in Thrissur, Kerala. Thrissur, renowned for its cultural heritage and natural beauty, has emerged as a significant destination for wellness tourism, offering Ayurvedic retreats, yoga centers, and holistic healing practices. In recent years, technological advancements have reshaped the tourism industry, presenting opportunities for enhanced marketing strategies, personalized experiences, and improved accessibility. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of online marketing data and qualitative insights from tourists, wellness practitioners, and local stakeholders, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of technology-driven promotional strategies in attracting wellness tourists to Thrissur. It also analyzes the impact of digital platforms on visitor experiences, identifies challenges and opportunities for leveraging technology in wellness tourism promotion, and provides recommendations for stakeholders. The findings contribute to the understanding of the role of technology in shaping wellness tourism destinations and offer practical insights for destination marketers, policymakers, and businesses in Thrissur
Food And Feeding Habits Of Schizothorax Niger In Dal-Lake,From Kashmir
Get PDFThe food and feeding habits of Schizothorax niger in Dal-lake was studied by examining guts collected throughout the year.The fish samples used in the study was within the range of 200mm to 340mm in total length and weight ranging from 100g to 424g in weight and the sampling duration was from March 2021 to April 2022.During the analysis the food and feeding habits of S.niger it was concluded that the fish is herbivorous.Its food mainly consists of plant matter 67.53% and 23.43% animal matter. Green algae, which made up around 30.01% of all food items, was the main contributor to the plant food. It was found to be at its highest (32.64%) in July and at its lowest (10.18%) in January. The primary source of animal food was crustaceans, which accounted for 16.20% of all food items. The highest percentage of crustaceans was reported in the month of February (30%), while the lowest percentage was recorded in the month of July (9%)
Assessment Of Oral Mucosal Epithelium In Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Exfoliative Cytology: A Preliminary Study
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a worldwide health concern. By vigilantly tracking the well-being of individuals affected by diabetes, it becomes possible to thwart diabetic complications. Our objective was to scrutinize changes in the structure and cellular characteristics of buccal epithelial cells in type 2 DM patients through the utilization of oral exfoliative cytology techniques. This endeavor seeks to establish the significance of such analysis in the context of public health screening, as well as the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. A total of 72 type 2 diabetic individuals and 46 control individuals underwent oral smears collection from two distinct oral locations: the buccal mucosa and tongue dorsum. These oral smears were subsequently stained with Papanicolaou solution. A comprehensive assessment of both quantitative and qualitative alterations was conducted on each slide. Specifically, 50 well-defined cells per slide were meticulously examined under a microscope, and photographs were subjected to morphometric analysis. Diabetic group exhibited significantly greater cytoplasmic and nuclear areas compared to control. Conversely, the cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio was lower in the control group compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, at both smear sites, a higher proportion of cells displayed nuclear changes in the diabetic group. These findings suggest that diabetes mellitus can induce discernible modifications in the oral epithelium, which can be detected through the exfoliative cytology method employed in this study. Consequently, this method holds promise as a viable approach for assessing this disease as well as progression
Clinically Evaluating The Level Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha On Tissue Around Implant And Tooth
Get PDFBackground: Implant dentistry has become increasingly prevalent, with complications such as peri-implantitis posing challenges. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been implicated in the inflammatory response around dental implants, akin to its role in periodontal diseases. Evaluating TNF-α levels in peri-implant tissues compared to healthy tooth tissues could provide insights into the inflammatory environment and aid in clinical management.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 participants with dental implants and healthy adjacent teeth. Peri-implant mucosal samples and gingival tissue around healthy teeth were collected. TNF-α levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Statistical analysis was performed to compare TNF-α concentrations between peri-implant tissues and healthy tooth tissues.
Results: The mean TNF-α level in peri-implant tissues was found to be 120 pg/mL (standard deviation ± 25 pg/mL), whereas in healthy tooth tissues, it was 60 pg/mL (standard deviation ± 15 pg/mL). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in TNF-α levels between peri-implant tissues and healthy tooth tissues.
Conclusion: Elevated levels of TNF-α in peri-implant tissues suggest a heightened inflammatory response compared to healthy tooth tissues. This underscores the potential role of TNF-α in peri-implantitis pathogenesis and emphasizes the importance of monitoring inflammatory biomarkers for early detection and targeted intervention in implant dentistry
Virosome: A virus created specifically to deliver a vaccination
Get PDF Liposomes are particularly interesting as a novel medication delivery technology because of their potential as gene carriers and capacity to reduce drug toxicity. Optimized lipid components have been developed to prevent the uptake of reticuloendothelial system (RES). The liposome surface has been altered with antibodies or ligands that are recognized by particular cell types in order to increase tissues localization. Liposomes and fusiogenic viral envelope protein have been combined to form new virosomes, which introduce molecules directly into cells, hence improving the efficiency of gene delivery. Efforts had been made to use virosomes as adjuvants or antibodies, and also for means of drug delivery and organics, for therapeutic applications because they are biocompatible, nontoxic, non-auto-immunogenetic and, biodegradable. In contrast with conventional methods of vaccine development, a vaccine based on virosomes represents a new era in the field of immunization since it strikes a balance between acceptability and efficacy because of its immune-stimulating mechanism. The ability of virosomes to function as a therapeutic target and vaccine adjuvant, as well as their capacity to transport a different kind of substances, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic and their ability to target specific drugs. The main topics of this article are the basics of virosomes, their formulation, composition, and advantages, development, current clinical status, interactions with the immune system, recent developments, and virosome-related research, as well as the safety, effectiveness, and tolerability of vaccines based on virosomes and their prospects for the future
The Point Prevalence, Etiological and Hemato-Biochemical Investigations of Post-Parturient Haemoglobinuria (PPHU) in Buffalo Population in Tehsil Bhalwal, Pakistan
Get PDFThe current study was designed to explore all possible etiological features including mineral composition of soil and their effects on hemato-biochemical profile in buffaloes suffering from post-parturient hemoglobinuria. The total 384 buffaloes were randomly selected from Tehsil Bhalwal, District Sargodha, Pakistan. The post parturient hemoglobinuria was observed during the period of four months, from November 2016 to February 2017. The parameters including point prevalence of PPHU and hemato-biochemical profile were investigated. The data was analyzed using T-test and regression analysis through SPSS software. Out of 384 animals, 40 (10.4%) were confirmed with PPHU. All hemato-biochemical profile showed significant difference between healthy and affected groups instead mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum calcium and glucose, which were not significant. Vital signs including pulse and respiration showed significant difference but heart rate was found non-significant between both groups. The results regarding mineral analysis of the soil showed significant difference in phosphorus and copper and non-significant difference in calcium and molybdenum. Moreover, strong positive correlation was associated with phosphorus and molybdenum level while moderate positive correlation was attributed to the calcium and copper level in the soil. It is concluded that post parturient hemoglobinuria in buffaloes of Tehsil Bhalwal was associated with variation of soil composition, particularly the deficiency of phosphorus which is main cause of hemoglobinuria. It is necessary to fulfill the minerals requirement of soil and animal’s feed to overcome the problems of PPHU in affected areas.
The Evaluation Of The Factors Effects On The Branded Television Sets Based On The Vision Of Consumers
Get PDFIn contemporary times, numerous institutions acknowledge their product brands and services as paramount assets. These brands constitute substantial capital, crucial not only for upholding the company\u27s value but also for nurturing customer allegiance. The stronger the brand\u27s resonance in consumers\u27 minds, the higher the potential for revenue generation. This study employs David Aaker\u27s customer-centric brand equity model, encompassing four key dimensions: brand awareness, brand association, perceived brand quality, and brand loyalty.
It scrutinizes diverse factors such as familial dynamics, brand identity, corporate image, and pricing, assessing their influence on these dimensions of brand equity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting brand equity dimensions, particularly concerning television brands, from the perspective of female consumers. The study is conducted among female television brand consumers in Karnataka state, chosen via simple random sampling. The results reveal that both familial background and corporate image directly impact brand recognition, brand linkage, and perceived brand excellence. The brand name directly influences brand recognition and perceived brand excellence, while pricing directly affects perceived brand excellence. Ultimately, brand recognition, brand linkage, and perceived brand excellence collectively contribute to overall brand equity
Prevalence Of Foot Health Kinesiophobia Among Clinical Physiotherapist Of Delhi-Ncr
Get PDFAim: Foot health kinesiophobia (FHK) is the fear of movement related to foot health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FHK among clinical physiotherapists in Delhi-NCR.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among clinical physiotherapists practicing in Delhi-NCR. The Fear of Movement Scale for Foot Health (FMS-FH) was utilized to assess FHK prevalence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis.
Results: Out of the 150 physiotherapists surveyed, 100 responded (response rate: 60%). The prevalence of FHK among clinical physiotherapists in Delhi-NCR was found to be 45%, indicating a significant concern among practitioners regarding movement related to foot health conditions. Factors such as experience, specialization, and exposure to foot health cases influenced FHK prevalence.
Conclusion: This study highlights the considerable prevalence of FHK among clinical physiotherapists in Delhi-NCR. Addressing FHK among practitioners is crucial to providing effective foot health rehabilitation services
Impact Of Tobacco Toxins On The Lifespan Of Fruit Flies (Drosophila Melanogaster)
Get PDFTobacco, a extensively consumed plant recognized for its adverse health effects in humans, comprises various toxic compounds. Previous researches have solely delved into the impact of nicotine exposure on the reproductive and developmental aspects of fruit flies. Consequently, our investigation seeks to broaden the comprehension of the detrimental impacts encompassing all constituents of tobacco extract on the lifespan of fruit flies. Varied concentrations of tobacco extract (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 g) were employed to establish a spectrum of exposure levels and the data included the number of fruit flies at each developmental stage in the new generation and the lifespan in each concentration group over the time. Our findings demonstrate a decline in population size within the first and second filial generations when transitioning from a normal condition to a high concentration of tobacco. Furthermore, our results reveal an inverse relationship between pupa size and tobacco concentration, resulting in smaller fruit flies when exposed to higher concentrations of tobacco extract. This suggests a detrimental impact of tobacco toxins on the embryonic development and overall well-being of fruit flies. The implications of our study extend to a broader understanding of potential risks associated with tobacco exposure in various organisms, including humans