Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism And It’s Lifestyle Impact
Get PDFThe Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism, with its three main allelic variants (APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4), has gained prominence in genetic research due to its critical implications for human health. This review article offers a concise introduction to the APOE protein polymorphism and its influence on individual’s way of life. The APOE gene encodes apolipoprotein E, a critical component of lipid metabolism that is essential for both cholesterol transport and neuron repair in the central nervous system. APOE ℇ4 raises Alzheimer\u27s risk, ℇ2 protects, and ℇ3 is neutral. Lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and cognitive engagement, predict susceptibility to chronic illnesses like Alzheimer\u27s and cardiovascular disease (CVD). For APOE ℇ4 carriers, a heart-healthy lifestyle can reduce elevated risk, while ℇ2 carriers, being less vulnerable, may need less intervention
Body Condition Score (BCS) And Parity Of Bali Cows Experiencing Reproductive Disorders Kept Under Smallholder Farms In Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of body condition score (BCS) and the parity of Bali cows experiencing reproductive disorders in Bulukumba District. A total of 54 Bali cows kept under smallholder farms were used in the present study. The cows were identified using a survey method to the cows owned by the farmers, and data collection was carried out was only in Bali cows at the study location. Clinical examinations were carried out to all the cows such as general reproductive health, pregnancy examination, examination of reproductive disorders, and measurement of body condition scores (body condition score = BCS; scale 1–9). All data were analyzed using regression analysis and correlation tests with the help of SPSS 24 program. The results of this study showed that out of the 54 Bali cows examined, 42 (76.4%) had normal status and 12 (23.6%) had reproductive disorders. Parity 1 was the highest proportion in Bali cows experiencing reproductive disorders (41.7%), followed by Parity 4 (25.0%), and 16.7% in Parity 2 and 3, respectively. The highest BCS values in Bali cows experiencing reproductive disorders were BCS ≥3 (50.0%), BCS 4-6 (33.3%), and BCS 7-9 (16.7%). The correlation test conducted between parity and BCS stated that it was correlated (P <0.01) with the degree of perfect compression (0.87). It can be concluded that the lower BCS value resulted more potential to be experiencing for reproductive disorders. The parity value obtained cannot be used as a standard for determining reproductive performance but can be used to assess reproductive efficiency
A Study on Physico Chemical Properties of the Soil in the Gautham Khani Open Cast Mine Kothagudem Coal Fields Region, Telangana
Get PDFThe soil quality refers to a broad range of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that maintain environmental quality, productivity, and microbial proliferation, the soil samples are collected from Gautham Khani Open Cast Mine it was located in Goutampur Village, Chunchupalli Madal, Badradri Kothagudem District in Telanagan State. The texture of the soil sample, physical properties like bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity as well as chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and macronutrients like N, P, K are analysed in the soil samples, As a result, the study analyzed soil samples and observed that study area soils need the restoration to improve the soil quality In order to evaluate the condition of the soil in coal mining sites for reclamation methods
Russia-Ukraine War and Its Impact on Global Oil and Food Prices
Get PDFDue to the war between Russia and Ukraine, oil and gas prices and food prices have risen worldwide. This disruption has affected the distribution and production of trade commodities for which Ukraine and Russia are key players. Among the reasons for the price increase were oil and food items, such as wheat, oilseeds, and gas. Due to this, people who are low-income survivors have a hard time surviving. In response, policymakers provided relief for these people with subsidies or lowered taxes. However, these short-run subsidies are inadequate and ineffective remedies that will lead to a shortage of supplies. Through targeted measures, such as cash transfers, policymakers can reduce the impact of these higher prices on lower-income households. Historically, commodity price shocks have induced policy and market responses that led to a larger supply of resources and, in the case of oil price shocks, greater efficiency in consumption and substitution away from oil. Likely, the recent price spike will once again spur more efficient energy consumption and a faster transition away from fossil fuels, especially if policy responses are supportive. We collected data from different sources, including the World Bank, the IMF, and the International Energy Agency, and reports from British Petroleum and the European Commission. The trends show that besides the rise in energy prices, prices of food items are also increasing, and this trend is making people\u27s lives very hard. These price hikes will have the most significant impact on low-income countries, and this will also lead to food shortages worldwide. Changes in relative prices will also affect global food production. As a result of the war, however, there are many uncertainties related to food supply availability, and low-income countries may have a prolonged need for international assistance due to the war.  
Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors With Entamoeba histolytica Infections In School Children
Get PDFEntamoeba histolytica is medically important pathogenic parasitic protozoan of human in origin which causes amoebiasis that is common in children of devolving nations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. A total of 100 children, comprising 45 boys and 55 girls, were screened to calculate the prevalence and risk factors of E.histolytica along with their socio-demographic characteristics among school children at Chkadara, Lower Dir, Pakistan. The stool samples were collected and transported to the Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Separtment, Malakand University for parasitic investigation. Each of the stool samples were processed through floatation and sedimentation procedures and techniques and examined under the microscope first under low and then high power objectives. The protozoan cysts and the helminth eggs were have been investigated and identified through valid keys. The data was analysed through chi-square test via GraphPad version 5. The p vale was considered statistically significant if less than 0.05 at 95% CI. The results indicates that Entamoeba histolytica is a prominent pathogenic protozoan parasite in school children, with a total of 67 cases identified. Boys showed a slightly higher prevalence of this parasite, with 58.8% (n=30/51) cases compared to 58.7% (n=37/63) in boys. Ascaris lumbricoides, is another common intestinal parasite, was observed in a total of 35 cases, (30.7%) with an almost equal distribution among boys (17 cases) and girls (18 cases). Moreover, hookworm species was found in 11 children, with a somewhat higher prevalence in girls 11.1% (7 cases). Giardia spp, although less prevalent, still accounted for 4 cases, equally distributed among boys. E.histolytica was highest in prevalence as 58.7 %( 67/114) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides 30.7 % (n=35/114), then hookworms 9.64 % (n=11/114) while Giardia spp was found in least prevalence 0.87 %( n=1/114). Pattern of infection reveal that most of the students were found to be infected with 2 species of parasites including one is E.histolytica (37%) followed by single infection 20% with E.histolytica while least number of participants were reported to be infected with 3 species of parasites 10%. The overall prevalence was reported as 67%. Age and types of stool were not significantly associated with the prevalence of E.histolytica P>0.05, however all other factors sex, diarrheal status, parent education, parent employment status and economic conditions were significantly related to the prevalence of E.histolytica infection (P<0.05).
Study on the extraction and purification of Chitin and Chitin based derivatives from Exoskeleton of Fresh water prawns
Get PDFCrustacean’s shells constitute the traditional and current commercial source of Chitin. Chitin and its derivatives as a potential resource as well as multiple functional substrates have generated attractive interest in various fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and environmental industries. In the present investigation, chitinous wastes were collected from the fresh water areas of Dehradun and Rishikesh of Uttarakhand State. The bacterium, Bacillus sp. isolated from soil produces chitinase enzyme responsible for degradation of chitin obtained from chitinous wastes. Further the chitinases enzyme was utilized to degrade the chitinous wastes into chito-oligosaccharides. The chitin active molecule present in the chitinous waste at another stage was deacetylated to chitosan. Further the antibacterial activity of chitinases, chitin, chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides were determined in vitro by well diffusion method. The enzyme purified showed potent activity against the bacterial cultures, but no activity was observed against the fungal test cultures. Amongst the test bacterial cultures the chitinase showed maximum inhibition against Micrococcus luteus (diameter of zone of inhibition: 21 mm) followed by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (diameter of zone of inhibition: 20 mm) and Salmonella abony (diameter of zone of inhibition: 17 mm). Further, chitin, chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide were subjected to antimicrobial activity against the similar strains and the results were found to be very satisfactory as the chitin and chitin-based derivatives were equally antimicrobial in nature. Further the antifungal activity of chitinases, chitin, chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides was determined in vitro by well diffusion method against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Amongst the test fungal cultures, the chitinase showed maximum inhibition against Aspergillus niger (diameter of zone of inhibition: 24 mm) followed by Candida albicans (diameter of zone of inhibition: 14 mm). Deacetylated form of chitin i.e chitosan showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (diameter of zone of inhibition: 24 mm) followed by Aspergillus niger (diameter of zone of inhibition: 18 mm). The chitin extracted showed almost similar antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans (diameter of zone of inhibition: 15 mm) respectively. The low molecular weight derivatives viz. chito-oligosaccharide showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (diameter of zone of inhibition: 14 mm) but no activity was found against Candida albicans
Comparative Analytical Procedure Based On Protic The Solvents For The Extraction Of Antidiabitic Drug Allium Sativum
Get PDFOne of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in the world, diabetes mellitus (DM) lowers quality of life in people of all ages. The illness is now a worldwide public health issue that has an impact on a person\u27s socioeconomic standing. The most important factor in obtaining active phytoconstituents from medicinal plants is selecting the right extraction technique. Variations in extraction methods impact the biological activity and production of phytocomponents. In this research work, we observed the comparative analytical procedure based on protic solvents such as ethanol and water for the extraction of antidiabitic drugsAllium sativum. The extraction yields a much higher phenolic, saponin, and tannin content in addition to a much higher overall extract yield.
 
"Correlation Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters and Zooplankton Found in Dholi Dhaja Dam, Surendranagar, Gujarat"
Get PDFA two-year (July 2021 - June 2023) study was done the physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton diversity of the Dholi Dhaja Dam in Surendranagar, Gujarat, India. To assess waterbody efficiency, various parameters were monitored, including pH, solids (total dissolved, total, and suspended), and oxygen levels (dissolved and biological oxygen demand). Water samples were collected from specific points, 21 distinct zooplankton species belonging to five taxonomic groups: Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, and Ostracoda were identified from the selected study site. Significant positive correlations were observed between zooplankton diversity and both pH (r = .710**, p < .01) and BOD (r = .598**, p < .01). This suggests that increased alkalinity and nutrient richness in the water promote greater zooplankton diversity. These findings contribute to our understanding of Dholi Dhaja Dam\u27s ecological status and the relationship between zooplankton and physico-chemical parameters of this study site.
 
Products Recalled During The Covid 19 Era: A Comparison Of Materiovigilance In India And Usa
Get PDFThe healthcare system benefits from medical devices because they are instruments that can save lives. There are a number of negative effects that these devices have in addition to their therapeutic effects. To control such unfavourable impacts, a strong cohort vigilant system was required. Material caution had been developed as a result of this. Materiovigilance entails monitoring and analysing incidents that occur as a result of the use of medical technology. It not only controls AE but also brings about international harmony.In India, the post-marketing surveillance mechanism for medical devices is less strict than it is for drugs. Materiovigilance entails monitoring unfavourable outcomes brought on by medical devices after they have been marketed. Many nations, including India, have set up their own post-marketing monitoring systems in accordance with WHO guidelines. It is referred to as the Materiovigilance Programme of India in India. (MvPI).Strict monitoring of medical devices is necessary to stop the use of those that don\u27t reach the minimum standards for quality. If necessary, manufacturers or authorised representatives can also pull certain batches of medical devices off the market. Recall is the term used to describe any action taken by a medical device\u27s maker or supplier to remove or withdraw the device from the market or to retrieve the device from anyone to whom it has been given because the device poses a risk to health.
A thorough understanding of adverse events related to medical devices will be provided by the comparative research of the materiovigilance programmes in India and the US. Along with existing regulations, adverse event reporting, and guidance materials, the post-market vigilance framework for medical devices was examined. In order to conduct a thorough research, data was collected from various search engines and combine
“A Review of Nanofiber: Current Progress in Application of Polymeric Nanofibers to Tissue Engineering”
Get PDFNumerous types of polymer nanofibers have been developed to serve as synthetic alternatives to extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these, electrospinning is a widely used technique for the production of nanofibrous scaffolds. This method creates nanofibers having a porous structure and a large specific surface area. Both organic and artificial Electrospun polymers have been used to create a fibrous framework that mimics the ECM and promotes cell activity. Tissue engineering is a technology that uses biomaterials, chemistry, and cell biology to create tissues in three dimensions (3D) that closely resemble the matrix extracellular in structure. The ECM is formed by braiding nanofibrous structures together. Electrospinning is widely used in the creation of nanofibrous scaffolds. It produces porous nanofibers with a highly particular surface area. The electrospinning technique and the parameters of the solution strongly influence the nanofibers\u27 structural shape and assembly. By combining natural or synthetic polymers used in electrospun nanofibers, their function can be modified. Furthermore, electrospun nanofibers can be functionalized using a range of surface modification methods. This work presents the latest advancements in electrospun nanofiber synthesis and describes various methods for surface modification of the scaffolds to increase their activity. There is also discussion of the use of cutting-edge polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds in human vascular tissue regeneration, ligaments, and tendons