Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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Prevalence Of Caries And Gingivitis In Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment
Get PDFBackground: Orthodontic treatment is commonly associated with an increased risk of dental caries and gingivitis due to the presence of fixed appliances, which can impede proper oral hygiene maintenance. Understanding the prevalence of caries and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is crucial for implementing effective preventive measures.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 200 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at a dental clinic. Clinical records were reviewed to assess the prevalence of caries and gingivitis. Dental caries were evaluated using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index, and gingivitis severity was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Among the 200 patients, 65% exhibited caries, with an average DMFT score of 3.5 ± 1.2. Gingivitis was present in 80% of patients, with an average GI score of 2.7 ± 0.8. The most affected teeth by caries were the molars, while the highest gingival inflammation was observed in the interdental areas.
Conclusion: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a high prevalence of both caries and gingivitis. Proper oral hygiene education and regular dental check-ups are essential to prevent and manage these conditions effectively during orthodontic treatment
Morphometric description of greater & lesser tubercles at proximal humerus: An Anatomical study
Get PDFBackground: Humerus, a typical long bone of arm forms shoulder joint at its proximal end and elbow joint at its distal end. Greater and lesser tubercles are two bony protrusions present on its proximal end with intertubercular sulcus (Bicipital groove). These tubercles are very much prone to fractures & also many other pathological conditions of shoulder joint which is termed as the most mobile joint. So, the main aim of our current study was to estimate the morphometry of greater and lesser tubercles of proximal humerus among North Indian Population group.
Materials and Methods: This present study was conducted on 100 adult dry humerii of both sexes obtained from bone bank, Department of Anatomy, FMHS, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India over a span of one year. Detailed Morphometry of Greater and lesser tubercles like length and width along with some bony distances were measured using digital vernier calliper on both sided bones.
Results: The mean value with standard deviation for length and width of greater tubercle was 30.88±1.78 mm & 6.53±1.56 mm respectively & length and width of lesser tubercle was 16.29±1.30 mm & 4.35±1.85mm respectively on right side which was comparatively more than the left side. But distance from head to lesser tubercle was comparatively more on both sides than distance from greater tubercle.
Conclusion: The morphometry of Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus among North Indian population will be a great help for the surgeons for the management of proximal humeral fractures & associated abnormalities.
 
Biogenic Synthesis Of Chitosan Silver Nanocomposites Using Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) And Its Anti-Microbial And Anti-Cancer Studies
Get PDFhitosan is a marine polysaccharide commonly seen in the crustacean family, and the exoskeleton is covered by chitosan. In this study, shells of mud crabs were subjected to chitosan extraction which has been followed by demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogens -E.coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhi. It has therefore received attention as a potential food preservative. Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also spots out chemical bonds in a molecule by creating rather an infrared absorption spectrum. FTIR is an effective instrument for analysis and for also detecting the functional groups as well as characterizing covalent bonding information. FTIR spectroscopy finds out the functional molecules involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles and also, provides accuracy and reproducibility, which helps to detect small absorbance changes in the sample. The chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized further using FESEM.The FESEM pattern performs or indicates the silver nanoparticles to be embedded in a matrix of CS. The size of the particles is seen as with their uniformity. Not only this, but also the FESEM image of Ag nanoparticles shows somewhat the particles of spherical shape. Also, by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique, the chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized. It exhibits that synthesized chitosan/silver nanocomposites have indeed a shape such as spherical with their uniformity as to their dispersion. Further, the chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized using Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS histograms reveal rather successfully the percentage weight ratios of the elements found on the chitosan surface and the nanosilver concentrations in this study. In addition, by XRD analysis the chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized. It recognizes the multifarious crystalline phases present in the material so that the information touching the chemical compositions are revealed. In this study, mcf-7 cell line is chosen. Mcf-7 is a commonly used breast cancer cell line. For evaluation of anticancer study against mcf-7, the mcf-7 cell line is chosen for the study. In this study, anti-cancer study was very specially subjected to research and the chemical compositions of chitosans were characterized very seriously by FESEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD for such anticancer study and therapy
Analysing Climate Change Manifestations Through People\u27s Perception in Kashmir Valley, India.
Get PDFThe Kashmir Himalayas, a fragile mountainous region, are experiencing the adverse effects of climate change, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events. This study, based on primary data from 384 respondents in the Kashmir Valley, assesses people\u27s perceptions of climate change impacts, particularly on temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events, and agriculture. Results indicate that 57% of respondents observe a decline in rainfall, 75% note a significant reduction in snowfall, and almost 60% perceive a decrease in stream discharge. Additionally, 75% believe that extreme weather events have become more frequent and intense, adversely affecting agricultural productivity. These findings align with empirical studies on climate change in the region and can serve as a basis for mobilizing public participation in government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at adaptation and mitigation
Development And Evaluation Of Colon Targeted Drug Delivery For Mesalamine
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to formulate mesalamine loaded alginate microspheres for local treatment of ulcerative colitis and optimized batch were then filled in capsules coated with Eudragit S 100. The microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method. Box Behnken design using design expert software was employed in formulating and optimizing the microspheres. Microspheres were evaluated for particle size, shape and entrapment efficiency. The optimized batch was then filled in capsule coated with Eudragit S100.This encapsulated system released alginate microspheres at colon region in a sustained manner. The drug release of microspheres showed a longer residence time in the colon due to better mucoadhesion properties of sodium ALG. Therefore mesalamine-loaded alginate microspheres enteric coated in capsules can be potential delivery system for local treatment of ulcerative coliti
Spiritual Values In Buddhism And Christianity: A Philosophical Study
Get PDFThe spiritual values of Buddhism and Christianity, are two major world religions with profound influences on the lives and beliefs of millions of people. Buddhism, originating over 2,500 years ago with Siddhartha Gautama, "the Buddha," and Christianity, rooted in the teachings of Jesus Christ, offer rich spiritual values centered on compassion, love, morality, mindfulness, and forgiveness. Through an in-depth examination of these values, the study unveils their significance and influence in guiding the lives of adherents. Compassion, regarded as the cornerstone in both Buddhism and Christianity, drives the alleviation of suffering and ethical living. Love and charity are paramount in Christianity, while Buddhism emphasizes generosity. Moral conduct is fundamental in both, with Buddhism placing strong emphasis on the Noble Eightfold Path. Mindfulness is a shared practice, that promotes self-awareness and inner peace. Forgiveness, crucial in Christianity, emphasizes reconciliation and restoration. These values, though differently interpreted due to their theological foundations, demonstrate a universal theme of empathy and interconnectedness. This study further accentuates the relevance of these shared values in the contemporary world, fostering dialogue between Buddhists and Christians to cultivate a more compassionate and understanding society. It delves into the practical implications of these values for personal growth and ethical decision-making, offering insights into their potential to bridge differences and promote empathy. By highlighting these shared spiritual compasses, this study encourages the pursuit of virtuous and righteous living within the diverse contexts of Buddhism and Christianity and paves the way for an enriched interfaith discourse
An In-Vitro Study On Streptococcus Pyogenes : A Review
Get PDFAim: An in-vitro study on Streptococcus pyogenes: a review
Materials and Methods: Tonsillitis caused by bacteria, commonly known as GAS (Group A Streptococcus) or Streptococcus pyogenes. (1) Several homoeopathic drugs have shown effect on tonsillitis. The present review reveals the evidence based medicinal effects of different homeopathic medicine on Streptococcus pyogenes, in-vitro with the help of quality studies. The antibacterial potencies were determined by the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Articles published between the years 2000 to 2022 were encompassed in this review. Articles published in relevant studies are summarized by different computerized database literature searches (searches were made in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate).
Result: After studying various articles, some articles were reviewed for the study. The articles reviewed were from 2000 to 2022 years.
Conclusion: On comprehensive evaluation of various articles on Streptococcus pyogenes by Homoeopathic medicine, Anti-bacterial test, Well diffusion method and MIC were used to evaluate the Anti-bacterial activity by in-vitro process
CHROMATOGRAPHY: INTRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT SEPARATION METHODS AND MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR ADJUSTMENT OF COLUMN PARAMETERS AND FLOW RATE IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TO REDUCE ANALYSIS TIME AND COST
Get PDFChromatographic techniques play a major role in the pharmaceutical industries for separation, including clinical applications, environmental applications, forensics, food analysis, and the analysis of biological samples. Different chromatographic techniques are available for analysis, like TLC, HPLC, UPLC, GC, LCMS, ion exchange, affinity, and Size exclusion chromatography, etc. In each chromatographic technique, the movable (Mobile) phase and fixed (Stationary) phases play a major role in the separation of mixture compounds. In Liquid chromatography, the “small particle size” of the stationary phase increased the performance of chromatographic separation after adjustment in Column parameters (length & internal diameters), resulting in reduced analysis time, consumption of chemical/Solvent, and Cost of analysis which is support to Green Chemistry. Isolation of content depends on partitioning between mobile and stationary phases which is completed with the help of Vander Waals\u27 forces through dipole-dipole, dipole-induce dipole, л-complex bonding, hydrogen bonding interaction, adsorption/desorption, Physico-chemical interaction, capillary ways holding-bonding pattern, size and shape pattern, and ligand-receptor phenomena. In all the above techniques the movable phase is liquid or gas whereas the stationary phase contains solid material and solid support coated with a liquid material
Recent Advances In Synthetic Developments Of Flavonoids: A Comprehensive Overview
Get PDFBeing ability to produce molecules with high enantiomeric purity and biological interest makes synthesis an increasingly useful technology. Flavonoids are organic substances having a variety of biological functions. Numerous methods of stereoselective synthesis have been used in order to produce enantiomerically pure forms and take use of their biological potential. These methods include the cycloaddition of 1,4-benzoquinone, Mitsunobu reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and chalcone epoxidation. In order to produce chiral bioactive flavonoids with a high enantiomeric ratio, chiral auxiliaries, organometallic, biocatalytic, and chiral auxiliaries were also used. There have also been reports of the Diels-Alder reaction being used to create pure enantiomers of flavonoids utilising catalyst complexes or a racemic mixing approach based on the stereodivergent reaction. As evidenced by the asymmetric coupling of 2-hydroxychalcones triggered by visible light, biomimetic routes also demonstrated a different strategy. The recent synthesis of (R,R)-cis-alcohols, which will serve as the building blocks for the stereoselective synthesis of flavonoids, also utilised an asymmetric transfer hydrogen-dynamic kinetic resolution
Knowledge of Postnatal Mothers regarding Respectful Maternity Care admitted in a selected Hospital, Odisha
Get PDFChildbirth is a critical event in the life of a woman. However, pregnant women are still exposed to various forms of disrespect and abuse worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) recommended respectful maternity care (RMC), which refers to providing supportive care without discrimination to all pregnant women. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of postnatal mothers regarding RMC . A descriptive study was conducted among 40 postnatal mothers at the selected public hospital of Odisha. Knowledge regarding RMC was assessed with the help of structured interview schedule by the researcher. Total forty postnatal mothers were considered for this study and they were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of Structured Interview Schedule to assess the level of knowledge regarding RMC. With regards to knowledge of mothers regarding RMC it reveals that around 27(72.5%) postnatal mothers had poor knowledge, 9(22.5%) postnatal mothers had average knowledge and 2 (5%) had good knowledge regarding RMC