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Phytoremediation of Iron and Antimony Polluted Waste Dump Sites in Anyigba Kogi State, Nigeria: A Multivariate Statistical Technique
Get PDFSoil degradation by anthropogenic means is increasing day after day all over the globe, particularly in Nigeria. This research became necessary to show how plants grown surrounding waste dumps are able to mitigate soil pollution by Fe and Sb. Both media (plants and soils) were collected, and leached, and analyses were performed to assess the quantum of Iron and Antimony found within sampled media. The EDX3600B X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze for soil and plants sampled. The bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), and metal uptake efficacy (%) ME for both media were calculated. The evaluated data revealed that Colocasia esculent and Amaranthus viridis showed the maximum capacity as Fe hyperaccumulators. Also, Colocasia asculenta, Physalis angulate, and Zea mays were suitable plants as hyperaccumulators of Sb. Only Loportea aestuans suffices as phytoextractor for Antimony. Amaranthus hybridus, Colocasia asculenta, and Corchorus aestuans have capacities to stabilize Sb in soils. Species collected showed the required ability as phytominers of Sb. The quantities of Iron and Antimony in acquired media were higher than allowable benchmarks in leaves (vegetables). From this investigation, the acquired plants showed evidence of good specimens with abilities to remove Iron and Antimony from the soil. The collected species also showed attributes and characteristics of good reservoirs of Iron and Antimony
Challenges and the Way Forward for Management and Handling of Hazardous Waste
Get PDFHazardous waste poses significant threats to human health and the environment, necessitating stringent regulatory management. This study explores the challenges and prospects associated with hazardous waste management, emphasizing the critical need for sustainable practices. Drawing on field observations, stakeholder interviews in India, and extensive literature reviews, the research addresses challenges such as inadequate stakeholder consultation during law enactment, resource constraints, insufficient authorized disposal facilities, and transportation issues. The study underscores the importance of sustainable waste reduction practices through proactive industry engagement and government facilitation of necessary infrastructure. It advocates for streamlined regulatory processes, inter-state cooperation, and responsive authorities to ensure effective hazardous waste management. The research emphasizes the adoption of innovative and sustainable waste reduction methods supported by comprehensive root cause analysis and well-crafted policies to achieve environmental sustainability goals. In conclusion, the study highlights the global applicability of findings, emphasizing collaborative efforts for effective hazardous waste handling and disposal to ensure a clean and pollution-free environment
Priming Bean Seedlings to Boost Natural Plant Defenses Against Common Bacterial Wilt: Leaf Architecture, Leaf area, Foliage Water Content, and Plant Biomass Results (Part 3)
Get PDFThis greenhouse study evaluated the effects of two chemicals for priming kidney bean seedlings against bacterial wilt disease (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. Flaccumfaciens) (CFF). The premise of this study was that the oxidant properties of chlorine dioxide would mimic the signaling properties of radical oxygen species thereby initiating a cascade of molecular plant defenses. The factorial study included two levels for the foliar chlorine dioxide treatment, two levels for the bacterial wilt inoculation treatment, and two optional treatments. The biomass variables included oven dry total plant biomass, oven dry fruit biomass, and oven dry leaf biomass. Also, foliage and total plant water content data was collected, as well as total leaf area. Specific leaf area (SLA) was estimated from the leaf area and biomass data. The primers had equivalent leaf area, plant and fruit biomass as the water control for the CFF wilt inoculated plants. The EB 400 mg/l primer reduced SLA for the CFF inoculated plants. Both EB formulations increased aboveground water content in the CFF wilt inoculated plants. Multivariate tables revealed several significant correlations among leaf architecture, plant tissue water content, and biomass growth parameters for the EB primers and the water control treatment for the two CFF wilt treatments. Re-allocation of plant resources from plant growth to plant defenses due to chemical primers were estimated and discussed to determine the tradeoffs between plant yield and enhanced plant defenses. The three articles in this study show that chlorine dioxide primers can initiate a series of ROS and salicylic acid signals. This interplay of ROS signals and salicylic acid signals generated by the chlorine dioxide primers activates a long-term SAR response that protects plants against future pathogen attacks. In addition, interaction of the ROS and salicylic acid signals activates a suite of defense mechanisms that provide universal, multifaceted plant immunity that can be sustained across a crop season
Study on the Influence Law of Temperature Profile of Water Injection Well
Get PDFDue to the lack of knowledge on the influence law of the temperature profile of layered water injection wells, it is still highly challenging to quantitatively diagnose the water injection profile of layered water injection wells using distributed optical fiber temperature sensing (DTS). In this paper, a temperature profile prediction model for layered water injection wells has been developed by considering the micro-thermal effect and non-isothermal reservoir seepage. The influence of various single-factor changes on the temperature profile of layered water injection wells is simulated and analyzed. Orthogonal experiment analysis results demonstrate that the sensitivity of different factors on wellbore temperature from strong to weak is the injection temperature of the water, injection time, water injection rate, wellbore diameter, formation thermal conductivity, wellbore trajectory, and the permeability of injection formations (Tinj＞t＞Qinj＞D＞Kt＞θ＞k). The injection temperature of water, injection time, and water injection rate are the dominant factors affecting the temperature profile of water injection wells. The results of this paper provide a theoretical foundation for the accurate evaluation of the water injection profile and water injection scheme optimization for the layered water injection wells
Analysis of the Computational Cost of PolyFront: an Algorithm for Planar Triangulation
Get PDFThe triangulation of planar domains is a relevant and largely studied problem in many applied sciences. This paper analyzes the computational time of a triangulation algorithm for plane domains with holes, introduced in a previous paper. This algorithm is based on the normal offsetting technique starting from a polygonal approximation of the domain boundary. It is shown that the computational time is linear with respect to the number of vertices of the triangulation. Experimental results confirm the theoretical upper bound obtained for the computational time
Human Footprint on Natural Systems: Missing Post-war Scenario in the Urban Context of Damascus
Get PDFAll regions in Syria have witnessed a decline in green spaces due to the spread of illegal logging operations and a decline in interest in agricultural wealth due to the need for construction with the growing population during the past decade. In addition to the burning and destruction of many of them due to the war actions that took place during the period of the Syrian crisis, a war that affected the urban, architectural, and human fabric of the city alike, Damascus lacks sufficient green spaces compared to the cement blocks and its external facades considering global climate change. This unjust urban expansion, accompanied by the impact of the fires caused by the war, damaged humans and environment, extending from the heart of the city to its countryside and contributing to the erosion of its Ghouta in particular, the lung and living breath of Damascus, According to what we observe today, the dominance of the cement mass in the city plan of Damascus, with the lack of balance between it and the green space of gardens, public spaces, and public places
Reservoir Characterization Using Seismic Inversion Based on Sparse Layer Reflectivity and Hybrid Genetic Algorithms: A Comparative Case Study of Blackfoot, Canada
Get PDFThis research paper introduces a comparative case study on reservoir characterization through seismic inversion techniques. The study specifically explores sparse layer reflectivity and a hybrid approach involving genetic algorithms and pattern search. The research assesses the effectiveness of these methodologies in delineating subsurface properties, with a particular focus on acoustic impedance. Through meticulous analysis, the paper aims to identify the strengths and limitations of each method, considering factors such as parameter estimation precision, computational efficiency, and adaptability to complex geological structures. The findings contribute valuable insights for selecting optimal seismic inversion techniques in reservoir characterization, advancing our understanding of how the integration of sparse layer reflectivity and hybrid genetic algorithms can enhance subsurface imaging accuracy and reliability. The results obtained from our inversion process significantly enhance the interpretation of seismic data by providing detailed insights into the subsurface. Both the sparse layer reflectivity (SLR) and hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) algorithms have exhibited outstanding performance when applied to real datasets. The inverted impedance section reveals notable low acoustic impedance ranging from 8000 to 8500 m/s g/cc. This distinct zone, identified as a reservoir (sand channel), is located within the time interval of 1040–1065 ms. Our observations indicate that HGA demonstrates superior correlation results not only in the vicinity of well locations but also over a broader spatial range, suggesting its potential to provide higher-resolution outcomes compared to SLR
A Short Introduction of Blade Cooling Mechanisms in Old Gas Turbines with the Aim of Proper Distribution of Temperature Profile
Get PDFPresently, old gas turbines are used in the industry of some developing countries without high tech, which face many problems in the field of thermal efficiency and output power. Typically, turbines operate in the temperature range of 1200 to 1500 degrees Celsius. Many studies have been done to increase the efficiency of such systems. The results show that this increase in temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine has negative consequences, such as increasing the thermal load of the turbine blades and thus reducing the lifetime of the blades. On the other hand, a damaged blade can cause serious damage to other blades as well as the main shaft and other parts in various ways and sometimes lead to complete failure of the turbine. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider cost reduction considerations, including maintenance. Hence, due to the limitation of thermal stresses for the continuous operation of gas turbine blades, the distribution of heat transferred to them must be controlled. In this regard, the presence of blade cooling mechanisms is necessary for its safe operation, because the operating temperature of the gas turbine is much higher than the allowable temperature of the blades. In addition to cooling the blades, cooling the shell and inlet nozzle of gas turbines is also extremely important. But since the blades are exposed to high-level stress and tension for a long time, their cooling is more important and sensitive. For this reason, in the present article, the authors tried to provide a short introduction to the efficient mechanisms in cooling the blades related to the old systems, whose effect is noticeable on increasing the lifetime of the blades
Stress Regimes and Stress Fields Analysis Using Fault-Slip Data; Eastern Iran
Get PDFIn this paper direction of stress tensors and stress ellipsoids shape in Neogene, Paleogene, and older units were investigated. Moreover, relationship between shape of stress ellipsoid and exhumation of igneous units were determined using analysis of stress tensors. Analysis of relationships between stress regime and uplifting indicate that in the areas we observed the uplifting of the igneous units the shape of stress ellipsoid has been displaced locally from prolate to oblate which is due to local change of stress regime. Hence, local variation of stress regime in the eastern part of Shekarab Mountains caused boarder outcrops of igneous units. In the western part of study area shape of stress ellipsoid is prolate and it's due to existing reverse fault with strike-slip component. Comparison shape of stress ellipsoid in Eocene units indicate that shape of stress ellipsoid in the western, middle and eastern Shekarab Mountains is prolate, and as local there is oblate stress ellipsoid shape in eastern part. Results of this research indicate that direction of major stress axis had clockwise rotation from Cretaceous times to the present
Economic Efficiency of Applying Biological Growth Regulators for Growing Sunflower in the Zone of Steppe Soils
Get PDFIn the conditions of climate change, the selection and adjustment of crop cultivation systems in the moisture deficit zone and the management of risky agriculture to ensure the profitability of production remain an urgent issues. In particular, the Steppe of Ukraine is a zone of increased risk for agricultural production, which is associated with difficult climatic conditions characterized by droughts and low rainfall. An effective measure to ensure stable harvests is the use of growth-regulating biological preparations. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to establish the regularities of the influence of growth-regulating biological preparations on the formation of productivity and the economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the zone of risky agriculture. The study was conducted in 2021–2022 in the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine. A three-factor field experiment was set up to study the influence of various biological preparations (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance, and Biocomplex-BTU) and plant stand density (30, 40, and 50 thousand pcs/ha) on the productivity of sunflower hybrids Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravyi, and Epikur. It was found that the hybrids Yarylo, Epikur, and Yaskravyi had considerably lower levels of productivity. However, foliar fertilization had a positive effect and contributed to an increase in their productivity. A low level of productivity in 2022 (1.51 t/ha) was observed in the hybrid Epikur under the plant density of 30 thousand pcs/ha. The results of the field experiments allowed establishing that foliar fertilization with different biological preparations is an efficient and effective method for improving plant growth conditions, and can increase the level of agrocenosis genetic potential realization. It was found that the hybrid Vyrii with a seeding rate of 40 thousand pcs/ha and plant treatment with the biological preparation Helafit Combi is the most economically efficient hybrid, with a profitability of 25.59%, and a net profit of $127.20 per ha