Brazilian Journal of Science
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Uso de inteligência artificial na detecção de plantas daninhas
Get PDFCurrently, the techniques used have yielded positive results for remote sensing due to their low cost, as they have provided mapping solutions with high spatial and temporal resolution, with great potential in areas such as precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, civil construction, mining, among others. others. Despite the low costs compared to an aerial survey carried out by a manned aircraft or acquisition of an orbital image with similar spatial resolution, the processing of data obtained by Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) is usually performed in commercial programs. The present work used data from a multirotor drone mapping of the brand DJI model Phantom 4 Standard was carried out, in a commercial property in the municipality of Rio Verde, district of Ouroana on October 5, 2022 before the sowing of the soybean crop. The property is located at geographic coordinates (-18.147623°S and -50.663644°W) and elevation of 674 m. DroneDeploy application was used with a flight height of 120 m and frontal and lateral overlap of 80 and 75%, respectively. The mapping was carried out on a partially cloudy day, these being the best weather conditions at the time. RandomForest classifier proved to be efficient for classifying unwanted vegetation within the crop, but this was possible based on a consistent base of training sample data. The use of technologies with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), photogrammetry, geoprocessing and artificial intelligence in an adequate way to manage the rural property brings improvements in the use of agricultural inputs.Actualmente, las técnicas utilizadas han dado resultados positivos para la teledetección por su bajo costo, ya que han brindado soluciones de mapeo con alta resolución espacial y temporal, con gran potencial en áreas como agricultura de precisión, monitoreo ambiental, construcción civil, minería, entre otras. otros. otros. A pesar de los bajos costos en comparación con un levantamiento aéreo realizado por un avión tripulado o la adquisición de una imagen orbital con resolución espacial similar, el procesamiento de datos obtenidos por Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (SAPR) generalmente se realiza en programas comerciales. El presente trabajo utilizó datos de un mapeo con dron multirotor de la marca DJI modelo Phantom 4 Standard se realizó en un predio comercial del municipio de Rio Verde, distrito de Ouroana el 5 de octubre de 2022 previo a la siembra del cultivo de soja. La propiedad está ubicada en las coordenadas geográficas (-18.147623°S y -50.663644°W) y elevación de 674 m. Se utilizó la aplicación DroneDeploy con una altura de vuelo de 120 m y superposición frontal y lateral del 80 y 75%, respectivamente. El mapeo se realizó en un día parcialmente nublado, siendo estas las mejores condiciones climáticas en ese momento. El clasificador RandomForest demostró ser eficiente para clasificar la vegetación no deseada dentro del cultivo, pero esto fue posible en base a una base consistente de datos de muestra de entrenamiento. El uso de tecnologías con vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV), fotogrametría, geoprocesamiento e inteligencia artificial de manera adecuada para administrar la propiedad rural trae mejoras en el uso de insumos agrícolas.Atualmente as técnicas utilizadas têm surtido resultados positivos para o sensoriamento remoto devido ao baixo custo, pois tem provido soluções de mapeamento com alta resolução espacial e temporal, tendo seu grande potencial em áreas como agricultura de precisão, monitoramento ambiental, na construção civil, mineração dentre outras. Apesar dos baixos custos em relação a um aerolevantamento realizado por uma aeronave tripulada ou aquisição de uma imagem orbital com resolução espacial semelhante, o processamento de dados obtidos por Sistema de Aeronave Pilotada Remotamente (SAPR) costumam ser executados em programas comerciais. O presente trabalho, utilizou dados de um mapeamento com drone multirotor da marca DJI modelo Phantom 4 Standard foi realizado numa propriedade comercial do município de Rio Verde, distrito de Ouroana no dia 05 de Outubro de 2022 antes da semeadura da safra de soja. A propriedade está localizada nas coordenadas geográficas (-18.147623°S e -50.663644°W) e elevação de 674 m. Foi utilizado o aplicativo DroneDeploy com altura de voo de 120 m e sopreposição frontal e lateral de 80 e 75%, respectivamente. O mapeamento foi realizado em um dia parcialmente nublado, sendo estas, as melhores condições meteorológicas da época. O classificador RandomForest demonstrou-se eficiente para classificar a vegetação indesejada dentro da lavoura, porém isso foi possível a partir de uma base consistente de dados amostrais de treinamento. O uso de tecnologias com veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT), fotogrametria, geoprocessamento e inteligência artificial de forma adequada para gerenciar a propriedade rural traz melhorias no uso de insumos agrícolas
Enhanced degradation of methylene blue dye using hydrothermally synthesized Nickel-doped Strontium oxide catalysts
No full textMethylene blue is an organic contaminant that is produced by the plastic, textile, and dye industries. Many studies have been undertaken to investigate the cleanup of methylene blue from industrial effluents. SrO nanoparticles are now being utilized to remove methylene blue colours from water. We used a hydrothermal technique to create strontium oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic MB breakdown under light conditions. To enhance the solar light activity and avoid charge recombination, we employed a hydrothermal technique to add Ni as a dopant in strontium oxide nanoparticles. Strong base NaOH, nickel nitrate, and strontium nitrate were used as precursors. The nanoparticles were crushed into powder and calcined at 450 °C in a muffle furnace to produce SrO and Ni-doped SrO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were analyzed using several analytical methods to determine their morphological and structural properties. At 309, 312, and 317 nm, UV-Vis spectroscopy showed absorbance values of SrO doped with varied nickel concentrations. The Ni–O stretching peak was identified in the FTIR analysis of strontium oxide nanoparticles at 402 cm-1 and 581 cm-1, whereas the Sr–O bond gave a signal at 854.84 cm-1. SEM images of Ni-doped SrO nanoparticles were created at various magnifications. The nanostrips are hexagonal and cylindrical. Sherrer's equation was used to compute the average crystalline structure, which showed that the diameters of pure and Ni-doped SrO (2 percent, 3 percent, and 4 percent) nanoparticles were 45.54 nm, 36.14 nm, 42.93 nm, and 41.21 nm, respectively. According to the EDX examination, the relative concentration of Ni-doped SrO is about 72 percent Sr and oxygen, with around 1.34 percent Ni. The resulting sample was tested for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution, such as methylene blue, and the completion of the reaction was monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy to measure the % photocatalytic degradation during light illumination. According to the UV-visible spectra, 90% of the dye was effectively destroyed
Loading of anticancer drug anastrozole using Fe3O4@SiO2
Get PDFAnastrozole is a prescription drug that is used to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer, mostly in women who have gone through menopause. Once a day, it is taken by mouth. Anastrozole stops the activity of an enzyme called aromatase, which changes androgens into oestrogens. But taking the drug often comes with side effects that depend on how much you take, such as tiredness, diarrhea, hot flashes, nausea, headaches, muscle and joint pain, and so on. Anastrozole has also been linked to other side effects and more bone loss. To overcome the side effects of anastrozole and for their efficient delivery anastrozole must be loaded on the surfaces which is biocompatible and stable towards human body. So, the co-precipitation method was used to make iron oxide nanoparticles, which were then covered with silica using the Stober method. The made Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was taken out as a black powder and studied using FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The SEM picture showed that the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles size ranges were between 30 and 45 nm and 55 to 70 nm respectively. We also looked at how contact time, pH, and the amount of nanocomposite affected the loading of the drug. The best adsorption (85.6%) happened when the reaction lasted 12 h, the pH was 4, and the adsorbent dose was 10 mg
Determinando a altura de plantas de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Malvaceae f. com auxílio de drone
No full textThe use of drones in crop assessment has become increasingly common. The use of drones presents benefits for evaluating the height of plants in various crops, including cotton, checking nutritional, phytosanitary, genetic parameters, abiotic and biotic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of drones to aid in the evaluation of trials in cotton cultivation. The study was carried out at the Goiano Institute of Agriculture, located in the municipality of Montividiu, State of Goiás, Brazil. A Phantom 4 Pro drone was used to carry out the mapping and WebODM was used to carry out photogrammetry and obtain a digital model of the surface area in the cotton field. In the experimental design, 4 randomized blocks with 10 treatments were used. The results demonstrated that there was no difference between the four blocks for vegetative index. The digital surface model proved to be efficient in detecting possible differences between the analyzed blocks. This analysis is essential to understand variations in response to cotton cultivation in different blocks and identify possible factors that contribute to these differences.O uso de drones na avaliação de lavouras tem-se tornado cada vez mais frequente. O uso de drones apresenta benefícios para a avaliação na altura de plantas em diversas culturas, inclusive na cultura de algodão, verificando parâmetros nutricionais, fitossanitárias, genéticos, efeitos abióticos e bióticos. O objetivo desse estudo, foi avaliar o uso de drone no auxílio sobre a avaliação de ensaios na cultura de algodão. O estudo foi realizado no Instituto Goiano de Agricultura, localizado no município de Montividiu, Estado Goiás, Brasil. Foi utilizado drone Phantom 4 Pro para realizar o mapeamento e o WebODM para realizar a fotogrametria e obtenção do modelo digital da superfície de área na lavoura de algodão. No delineamento experimental, foram utilizados 4 blocos ao acaso com 10 tratamentos. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença entre os quatro blocos para índice vegetativo. O modelo digital da superfície se mostrou eficiente na detecção entre possíveis diferenças entre os blocos analisados. Essa análise é essencial para entender as variações nas respostas à cultura do algodão nos diferentes blocos e identificar possíveis fatores que contribuem para essas diferenças
Consumer willingness to buy products with geographical origin (PGO) and protected designation of origin (PDI): A review
No full textThis scientific review explores the factors influencing consumer willingness to purchase products with geographical origin (PGO) and protected designation of origin (PDI) over the past twenty-five years. It examines consumer behavior, perceived value, marketing strategies, and the impacts of ethical and environmental considerations and more specifically how the consumers are willing to consume products from protected designation of origin compared with the other products that exist in markets. The review integrates findings from recent peer-reviewed studies, surveys, and reports, offering a comprehensive analysis of consumer attitudes toward PGO/PDI products. In conclusion, the consumers are willing to buy the PGO and PDI products if there is a better price and marketing presentation
Interaction of dihydrofuran-2-one and its derivatives with either MAO-B or COMT enzymes using a theoretical model
No full textThere are several drugs for treating Parkinson's such as L-Dopa, carbidopa, benserazide, entacapone, bromocriptine, safinamide, rasagiline, and others. However, some of these drugs can produce some secondary effects such as hypotension, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, and constipation. In the search for a new therapeutic alternative for treating Parkinson´s, this study aimed to evaluate the theoretical interaction of Dehydrofuran-2-one (1) and their derivatives (2-31) with both MAO-B and COMT enzymes. To evaluate the interaction of Dehydrofuran-2-one (1) and their derivatives (2-31) with both MAO-B and COMT enzymes, the 1gos and 1vid proteins as theoretical tools. Besides, some drugs, such as selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide, entacapone, and tolcapone, were used as controls in the DockingServer program. The results showed differences in the interaction of compounds 1-31 with either 1gos or 1vid proteins surface compared to the controls. Other data showed that inhibition constants (Ki) for 2, 3, 12, and 26 were lower compared to selegeline, rosagiline, and sofinamide, respectively. In addition, the Ki for 1-3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 21, and 25 were lower than entacapone and tolcapone. These data suggest that 1-3, 12, and 26 could act as MAO-B inhibitors and compounds 1-3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 21, and 26 as COMT antagonists. In conclusion, these compounds may be a good therapeutic alternative for treating Parkinson´s disease
Precision and innovation: Carbon dioxide laser excision of ranula
No full textA ranula is a relatively uncommon condition characterized by the formation of a mucus-filled cyst within the floor of the mouth. This benign lesion typically originates from a blocked or damaged sublingual salivary gland duct, accumulating saliva in a localized cyst-like structure. Aspiration of cystic fluid, sclerotherapy, marsupialization, incision and drainage, excision of the ranula alone, excision of the sublingual gland with or without ranula, laser excision, and ranula vaporization are just a few of the suggested therapies for ranula. The outcomes of the varied treatments have been inconsistent. Most surgeons concur that the sublingual gland must be removed from the ranula. The authors provide a case report on carbon dioxide laser treatment for ranula, as well as a literature review. According to the authors' experience and literature, carbon dioxide laser excision of ranula is a safe procedure with minimum recurrence
Performance and carcass characteristics of Isa Brown cockerels fed graded levels of dried neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf and bark meal
No full textThe use of synthetic additives has some safety risks, residues, and consumer dissatisfaction. This has led Poultry farmers to prefer the rearing of healthy birds using natural growth and health-promoting natural feed additives. Azadirachta indica (neem leaf and bark) has good potential as feed additives. This study assessed the effect of graded levels of neem leaf and bark meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of ISA Brown cockerels. The study used two hundred and seventy (270) day-old ISA Brown strain cockerels. The birds were randomly allotted to nine dietary treatments of thirty birds each, replicated thrice with ten birds per replicate. The treatments were 0 g Neem leaf meal (NLM) and Neem bark meal (NBM) as control, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 7.5 g, and 10.0 g NLM/kg feed-1, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 7.5 g and 10.0 g NBM/kg-1 feed in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were fed the experimental diets from 1st week to 20th week of age. Daily feed intake (DFI), Daily Weight Gain (WG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and carcass weight were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model at p = 0.05. Cockerel chickens fed 2.5 g/kg-1 NLM exhibited significantly higher Final Weight (FW), DWG, and ADG during the starter phase compared to the control. In the grower phase, birds fed 5.0 g/kg-1 Neem Bark Meal (NBM) showed significantly heavier FW, DWG, and ADG. Carcass features like wings, thighs, drumsticks, back, breast, head, and neck were similarly affected. At the finisher phase, neem bark meal up to 5.0 g/kg-1 of feed enhanced growth performance. Based on the outcomes of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: Feeding cockerels with neem bark meal at a rate of up to 5.0 g/kg-1 of feed improved final body weight and resulted in a better feed conversion ratio. However, supplementation with 7.5 g/kg-1 neem leaf meal enhanced carcass characteristics in cockerel chickens
Toxic effect of elements on the germination and initial development of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Get PDFBarley (Hordeum vulgare) is an agricultural vegetable from the Poaceae family used in food and beer production. The study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu) on germination and initial development in barley seeds cultivar KWS Irina. Different concentrations (0, 35, 85 and 125 mg L-1) of aqueous solution of Al and Cu were produced from their chlorides. The toxicity experiment was carried out in a germination box maintained in a germination chamber with a 12-h photoperiod. After 15 days of germination, the seedlings were measured using a millimetric ruler (cm) where they were evaluated for plant length, root length, and fresh and dry mass of plant and root determined on a digital analytical scale (g). Barley seedlings cultivar KWS Irina demonstrated to be intolerant to concentrations of the toxic elements Al and Cu in all plant parameters analyzed, except for plant dry mass. Future studies should be carried out comparing the initial and reproductive development of this barley cultivar in terms of the presence and absence of toxic elements
First report of Calvatia fragilis Fr. (Basidiomycota) in Central-West Brazil
Get PDFCalvatia fragilis, a species belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum, is noted for its presence in tropical and neotropical regions. However, this fungus has been scarcely documented in natural habitats in Brazil. The present study aims to enhance the understanding of the geographical distribution of Calvatia fragilis, reporting the first record of this species in a Cerrado ecosystem, specifically in the Brazilian Midwest, in the State of Goiás. The discovery site is an area dedicated to agricultural production, characterized by a red dystroferric clay soil. In December 2023, specimens of Calvatia fragilis were collected in this region. The gathered basidiomes were meticulously catalogued and identified using a specific identification key for the Calvatia genus. Prior to this study, records of the species were limited to the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul. This research expands the knowledge on the distribution of Calvatia fragilis, now including the State of Goiás among the Brazilian areas where this fungus occurs