Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Identification and Validation of Chemoresistance-Associated Genes in A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Integrated Transcriptomic and qPCR Analysis
Get PDFResistance to chemotherapy presents a significant challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly among patients receiving platinum-based therapies like cisplatin. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance is crucial for improving treatment effectiveness. This study utilized a combination of computational and experimental methods to identify genes associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. We downloaded transcriptomic datasets GSE73935 and GSE51683 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed them for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We selected common DEGs across both datasets and performed functional enrichment analysis on them. To validate key gene candidates, we conducted quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on cisplatin-resistant and non-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines. Several genes exhibited consistent changes in expression across both datasets. Specifically, ABCB1 and TOP2A were significantly upregulated, while CDH1 was noticeably downregulated, suggesting their involvement in drug transport, cell proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also identified additional genes unique to each dataset, such as BCL2, MMP9, BIRC5, and CDKN1A, which are linked to apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Enrichment analyses connected these genes to mechanisms of platinum resistance and the p53 signaling pathway. qRT-PCR results confirmed substantial increases in ABCB1 and TOP2A expression in resistant cell lines. These findings provide potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, and may inform the development of personalized treatment strategies in clinical practice
Environmental valorization of Peruvian orange Biowaste: sustainable extraction of functional compounds to reduce agro-industrial waste: A Review
Get PDFThis review discusses the potential of valorizing orange biowaste as an eco-friendly approach for environmental mitigation and resource reuse. This paper focuses on how high-value compounds, such as essential oils (limonene, citral), flavonoids, polyphenols, pectin, dietary fibers, and carotenoids, found in orange peels, pomace, and seeds, can be recovered by citrus-processing industries. The systematic review references peer-reviewed studies, government policies, and case studies from citrus-producing regions, particularly in Peru, Spain, Brazil, and the United States. It provides an overview of key waste-to-value technologies. It highlights successful local initiatives in Peru, where producer organizations and small businesses have developed extraction processes to create natural food additives and cosmetic ingredients. The experiences from international models demonstrate that biowaste valorization can be integrated within the framework of a circular economy, suggesting a potential for scaling up these practices. At the same time, there are constraints, such as technological limitations and market competition, which affect the potential use of citrus biowaste in value chains. This integration can enhance environmental sustainability, leading to a cleaner and healthier environment, while also improving socio-economic conditions. The paper concludes that effective policy-making, investments in research and development, and the implementation of a circular economy model are crucial for promoting the valorization of citrus biowaste in agro-industrial systems
Molecular Identification and New Distributional Records of Two Epiphytic Orchids from Nagaland, India Using DNA Barcoding
Get PDFStereochilus laxus (Rchb.f.) Garay and Thrixspermum tsii W.H. Chen and Y.M. Shui are two epiphytic orchid species that are reported as new distribution records for the orchid flora of India, specifically from the state of Nagaland. These species were collected during field surveys in 2018 from subtropical evergreen forests in the Peren and Zunhebhoto districts of Nagaland. Their morphological identities were confirmed using DNA barcoding, which employed a three-locus approach with the genetic markers ITS, matK, and rbcL. The sequence data were analyzed and compared with existing GenBank accessions using BLAST searches, genetic distance calculations, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results indicated a high sequence similarity to reference sequences from Myanmar and southern China, confirming the identification of these species. Further validation of species resolution was achieved using concatenated datasets, ensuring their correct placement within their respective genera. This molecular documentation provides accurate and valid DNA barcode references for these species in India, significantly enhancing the regional orchid identification and conservation database. Additionally, these findings expand the known geographical distribution of both species into the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, highlighting the rich yet underexplored orchid diversity of Nagaland
Inorganic–Organic Fertilization for Sustainable Rice Production: Enhancing Yield and Soil Fertility
Get PDFThe study evaluated the effects of integrated inorganic and organic fertilization on rice yield, nutrient uptake, and soil health over six cropping cycles from 2013 to 2019 in different intensive and diversified rice-based systems in West Bengal, India. A split-plot design was used, which included three cropping sequences: rice-mustard-jute (C1), rice-wheat-maize with greengram (C2), and rice-lentil-sesame (C3). The study examined four nutrient treatments: 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) using NPK fertilizers; 75% RDF (NPK) combined with 25% nitrogen from biogas slurry (BGS); 50% RDF (NPK) combined with 50% nitrogen (BGS); and 100% nitrogen from biogas slurry (BGS). The legume-based systems (C2 and C3) demonstrated higher rice yields, better nutrient uptake, and improved soil fertility compared to the cereal-oilseed systems. The application of solely inorganic fertilizers (100% RDF) resulted in the highest rice grain yield of 3.25 tons per hectare. However, the combined application of 75% RDF and 25% BGS achieved yields statistically similar to those with 100% RDF, while increasing soil organic carbon levels by 12% and improving nutrient availability. In contrast, the 100% BGS treatment yielded the lowest at 1.73 tons per hectare due to slower nutrient release. Overall, this study highlights that integrated nutrient management, through partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry, is beneficial for soil health without compromising production. The findings underscore the potential of utilizing both organic and inorganic sources within diverse cropping systems to promote sustainability in rice production and enhance long-term soil fertility
Evaluation of the intraspecific genetic diversity of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv., a medicinal plant used in Benin
Get PDFUvaria chamae is a medicinal plant traditionally used in West Africa to treat various ailments, including blood-related disorders. However, limited systematic scientific information is available regarding its genetic diversity and mode of action. This study aimed to provide important molecular tools to support the conservation, domestication, and utilization of U. chamae as a medicinal plant with potential anti-sickle-cell properties. Genomic DNA was extracted from 19 U. chamae accessions collected across Benin. PCR amplification was performed using ten pairs of SSR primers derived from Annona senegalensis. These transferable markers were then used to assess genetic variation within the species. The PCR products were analyzed on 3% agarose gels to confirm successful amplification at each locus. UPGMA and PCoA analyses were conducted using NTSYS v2.11a to evaluate genetic structuring among the accessions. Among the selected markers, nine were transferable, and four were polymorphic. LMCH29 was the most polymorphic marker, revealing six alleles. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.00 for markers LMCH4, LMCH6, LMCH43, LMCH78, and LMCH79 to 0.8335 for LMCH29, with a mean PIC of 0.3354. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) was consistently high (1.00) across all markers, while the fixation index (Fis) values were negative for all polymorphic loci, indicating a surplus of heterozygosity. The average deviation from panmixia was -0.331. Cluster analysis identified two major groups, roughly corresponding to accessions from the southern and central-northern regions of Benin, with a similarity rate of 65%. These groups were further subdivided into five subgroups at a 78% similarity level. These findings highlight a moderate yet structured genetic diversity within U. chamae populations in Benin. The successful transfer of SSR markers from A. senegalensis provides valuable molecular tools for genetic studies of U. chamae. Overall, this study lays a solid foundation for the conservation, domestication, and sustainable utilization of this medicinal plant, which has been traditionally used for its anti-sickle-cell properties
Agrobiodiversity integration in farming systems for income generation and livelihood options of smallholder farmers in Nepal: A case study of Bhimphedi Municipality
Get PDFFood and nutrition security are critical global concerns, particularly for smallholder farmers in Nepal who face challenges with resources and inputs. This study explores how the Chabeli Farmers Group in Bhimphedi Municipality can utilize agrobiodiversity to enhance their farming systems and income. To achieve this, a survey was conducted involving 20 farmers (10 male and 10 female), supplemented by focus group discussions and field observations. The study identified 60 species across cereals, vegetables, fruits, forage, and fodder crops, representing 99 genotypes and 10 types of livestock. Farmers preserve and manage these species through traditional practices, such as storing seeds in Bhakari containers made of bamboo and mud. The findings of this study highlight the importance of passing knowledge from one generation to the next and the role of traditional methods in protecting biodiversity. Additionally, a Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) facilitates the sale of organic cash crops. The study demonstrates that effective biodiversity management enhances resilience, diversifies income, and improves market access. In conclusion, integrating agrobiodiversity with community-driven systems improves food security, protects biocultural heritage, and offers scalable solutions for long-term sustainable farming
Ecological control of aphids in mandarins using pyroligneous acid derived from citrus waste
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore the production and application of pyroligneous acid derived from mandarin pruning biomass as a sustainable alternative for controlling aphids (Aphis spiraecola) in the cultivation of Citrus reticulata. Pyroligneous acid was produced through the pyrolysis of post-harvest mandarin waste using a pilot dry-distillation oven, resulting in a liquid product rich in biocides. The chemical composition of the acid was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified for total polyphenols, confirming the presence of active compounds with potential insecticidal and biostimulant properties. To evaluate its efficacy, four concentrations of pyroligneous acid (326.91 ppm, 544.85 ppm, 700.53 ppm, and 817.28 ppm) were applied to immature shoots affected by aphids in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Significant differences were observed among treatments (p < 0.005). The 1000 ml concentration demonstrated the highest effectiveness, achieving a 98% reduction in aphid populations and significantly outperforming the lower doses. The results support the use of pyroligneous acid as a viable ecological alternative to synthetic pesticides. It offers advantages such as reduced environmental impact, compatibility with organic farming practices, and the valorization of agricultural waste. These findings highlight the potential of integrating pyroligneous acid into sustainable pest management strategies, contributing to improved ecological balance and long-term agricultural sustainability
Effectiveness of two types of cytokinins in the in vitro propagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Get PDFClavel, or carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the most important ornamental flowers worldwide. To mass-produce high-quality plants, in vitro techniques are widely used. Cytokinins, which are plant hormones that play a vital role in the multiplication and development of in vitro shoots, are essential in this process. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight treatments and five repetitions to evaluate the in vitro propagation of various carnation explants using four doses of cytokinins (Kinetin and Benzyl adenine): 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg. The in vitro propagation was assessed, and an analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey test at a 5% significance level, was conducted to compare the means of the AxB factors. The primary conclusion of this study is that Kinetin, particularly at a dosage of 3 mg/l, is the most promising option for optimizing carnation explant production. However, further research is needed to explore additional doses and combinations of cytokinins that could further enhance this process
A Novel Herbal Combination of Cistus ladaniferus, Petroselinum crispum, and Rosmarinus officinalis (CCPR) for Managing Hypertension: Enhanced Efficacy through Synergistic Antioxidant and Hypotensive Effects
Get PDFHerbal formulations offer an intriguing option for managing various health concerns, including hypertension. This study investigated the pharmacological and safety profiles of a newly designed combination product (CCPR), which includes extracts of Cistus ladaniferus (CLE), Petroselinum crispum (PCE), and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROE). Additionally, the pharmacokinetic potential of the CCPR components was analyzed using in silico methods. The study screened in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while its efficacy was further validated through a non-invasive hypotensive test. Synergistic interactions among the extracts were evaluated using an interaction index. Based on these results, the optimized combination CCPR underwent acute toxicity and antihypertensive testing. Pharmacokinetic parameters were predicted using the SwissADME platform. The results demonstrated that CCPR exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, correlating with its hypotensive effect. The administration of CCPR at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to other combinations. Furthermore, interaction index analysis confirmed the synergistic effects of the extracts within CCPR. The antihypertensive tests indicated that CCPR, at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg, significantly lowered SBP and improved oxidative stress markers compared to both the standard antihypertensive drug “Enalapril” (15 mg/kg/day) and the hypertensive model group treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day). The acute toxicity test confirmed the safety of CCPR, showing no abnormalities at a single dose of 2 g/kg. In silico pharmacokinetic analysis revealed favorable properties for the major compounds in CCPR, including high absorption and minimal adverse effects, supporting its suitability for long-term use. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that CCPR has the potential to be an effective formulation for managing hypertension. This formulation presents a valuable approach for the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for developing dietary supplements or as adjunctive therapy
CONSERVATION STATE OF THE NATIONAL ZOO FOREST OF ABIDJAN (COTE D'IVOIRE)
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the degradation of the National Zoo of Abidjan. To achieve this, we employed two field methods: surface survey and linear survey. The surface survey involved counting all plant species within each plot, focusing on those with circumferences greater than or equal to 7.85 cm at breast height. A 100-meter-long rope was stretched horizontally just above the ground for the linear survey. Using this technique, 100 measurements were taken at regular one-meter intervals. At each contact point, we recorded the species and the distance at which each individual was encountered along the survey line. The results indicated that the forest possesses a good regeneration capacity. Analysis of the structural profiles revealed numerous openings, and it was found that the most dominant species include lianas (such as Acacia kamerunensis, Adenia cissampeloides, and Harms) and nanophanerophytes. Additionally, the observations showed that this area is a remnant of degraded semi-deciduous forests. Based on these findings, developing strategies to protect this forest and provide valuable goods and services to Abidjan is essential