Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
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EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH ATTRIBUTES, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF DIFFERENT RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE TRANSPLANTED CONDITION
Get PDFRice is very responsive to nitrogen fertilization under transplanted conditions; however N use efficiency and uptake by different varieties may vary. A field study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 to assess the effect of four nitrogen levels in three rice varieties under the transplanted condition at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design (SPD) with three replications. The total number of treatments was twelve involving three rice varieties (V1- BPT-5204, V2- Rajendra Kasturi and V3- HUBR 2-1) in main plots and four nitrogen levels (N1- 100, N2- 120, N3- 140, and N4- 160 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. Rice variety BPT- 5204 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. leaf number hill-1(37.17), SPAD value (chlorophyll content 31.83), the higher number of days taken to 50 percent flowering (103 days), maturity (130.17 days), grain yield (50.73 q ha-1), biological yield (112.90 q ha-1) and harvest index (0.45) as well as NPK uptakes by grain (60.96, 13.01 & 10.95 kg ha-1) and straw (29.72, 7.15 & 101.55 kg ha-1) as compared to other varieties. However, straw yield (62.17 q ha-1) was reported higher under HUBR 2-1 as compared to the rest varieties. Among the nitrogen levels, N4-160 kg N ha-1 was recorded significantly higher above the same parameter as compared to other nitrogen levels. Hence, the application of N @ 160 kg ha-1 along with rice variety BPT- 5204 can be recommended for achieving higher rice yield, nutrient uptake, and efficiency in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER AND WEED MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN ONION (Allium cepa L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to find out appropriate nutrient and weed management practices for yield maximization and nutrient uptake of onion during rabi 2018-19 at the experimental plot of Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Keonjhar of Odisha. The experiment was laid out in Split plot technique with fifteen treatments viz., Main plot belongs to Nutrient management (N) with treatments i.e. N1- Soil test based fertilizer recommendation (STBFR), N2 - 50% STBFR + FYM (Based on N requirement), N3-STBFR + Sulphur), while Subplots belongs to weed management (W) with treatments viz., W1- Pendimethalin (PE) @ 0.8 Lha-1, W2- Oxyflurofen (PE) @ 0.2 Lha-1, W3- Pendimethalin (PE) @ 0.8 Lha-1+ one hand weeding at 25 days after transplanting(DAT), W4-Oxyflurofen (PE) @ 0.2 Lha-1+ one hand weeding at 25 days after transplanting(DAT), W5- one hand weeding at 25 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest onion bulb yield of 16.72 t ha-1 was obtained under the treatment applied with Pendimethalin (PE) @ 0.8 Lha-1 along with one hand weeding at 25 DAT, followed by Oxyfluorfen 0.2Lha-1pre-emergence + 1 hand weeding at 25 DAT (15. 88 t ha-1). The treatment combination of N2W3 (96.83, 16.80, 57.73 kg ha-1) was recorded the highest N, P, and K uptake by crops respectively while N3W3 (51.39 kg ha-1) was recorded as the highest S uptake by a crop over the rest of the treatments
TIME-DEPENDENT DETERMINATIVE BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS FOR SALT TOLERANCE MECHANISM IN MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) R. WILCZEK)
Get PDFMungbean is one of the commercially valuable pulse crops. Time-dependent biochemical modulations in the mungbean varieties PKV AKM 12-28 and VBN (Gg)3 exposed to 75, 100, and 125 mM NaCl were estimated, and the results were concluded through multivariate modeling. The cluster analysis gave two fairly distinct clusters that had similar biochemical responses. Results on the principal component analysis suggested that protein content (PC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, proline content (PRC), total free amino acid (TFAA) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were dominant traits in the shoot as compared to the root. These can be taken as the primary indicators to assess the effect of salt stress on mungbean varieties. The discriminant analysis had identified TFC, MDA, and total sugar content (TSC) as discriminating variables between the roots and shoots. Further, MDA and TFC were identified as discriminating variables under different salt concentrations, and TSC was identified as a discriminating variable at different exposure durations. Discriminant partial least squares analysis further identified optimum biochemical modulations in the shoots of PKV AKM 12-28 and 75 mM NaCl. The salt treatment produced a strong biochemical modulation after 30 and 45 days, which helped plants survive under salt stress. The multivariate approaches efficiently interpreted time-dependent biochemical modulations in shoots and roots of mungbean varieties under salt stress
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MICROALGAL EXTRACT AND ITS APPLICATION IN METAL ION REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Get PDFHeavy metal pollution is of great concern and cannot be ignored as heavy metals are highly mobile in soil and are recalcitrant. Nanotechnology provides a novel sustainable approach for synthesizing materials of desired properties, composition, and structure, it is however expected to adsorb heavy metals and play a significant role in water treatment. Green chemistry is the cost-effective, non-toxic, and environment friendly approach that involves the use of biological components as reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In the present study, heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd II) and lead (Pb II) were successfully removed from its aqueous solution by an adsorption process using the silver nanoparticles of size ~15nm biosynthesized using freshwater algal extract. The adsorption peak at 411 nm confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles. The maximum value of metal ion adsorption capacity (23.98 mg/g) was observed for Pb (II). The higher value of R2 showed that the experimental data were fitted best with Langmuir isotherm. The rate kinetics study showed that Pb (II) adsorption on Ag nanoparticles followed pseudo-second order kinetics (R2>0.9) indicating that Pb (II) was attached to the nanoparticles surface through electrostatic force of attraction, also referred to as chemisorption whereas Cd (II) adsorption on Ag nanoparticles followed pseudo-first order kinetics (R2>0.8) indicating physical adsorption between adsorbate and adsorbent
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION DOSES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF Citrus clementina variety “Fina Berkane”, A VARIETY OF CLEMENTINE PRODUCED IN TRIFFA PLAIN, NORTH EASTERN MOROCCO
Get PDFMorocco is a Mediterranean country with an economy based on exporting agricultural products mainly to Europe. However, the ongoing climate change characterized by the frequency and the intensity of drought, along with the regularity of the rainfall is undeniably affecting the productivity of major agricultural products in Morocco. Citriculture is one of the key pillars of agricultural products in Moroccan conditions and the productivity of citriculture is tightly related to water management. To reduce this dependency under climatic change, a pilot study, over three years, has been launched to assess the effect of water stress on the production of clementine (Citrus clementina 'Berkane Clementine'). This study was carried out on the clementine, variety "Fina Berkane" at the Triffa plain, Northeastern Morocco. This variety was grafted on Volkameria rootstock with a density of 3m x 6m. Experimental variety was planted during October 2012, in loam-clay soil equipped with a drip irrigation system. Four doses of water irrigation (60%, 80%, 100%, and the conventional irrigation dose⩾120%) were tested based on the real water demand of the studied plant. Throughout the three-year monitoring, the effect of used water amount on the various parameters including yield, fruit size, and fruit quality have been studied. Results of the study revealed that the treatment 100% ETc provided a high number of fruits, yield, and a good quality ratio. It was also well reported that adopting a dose of 80% ETc could save a significant amount of irrigation water (more than 40% ETc) compared to the conventional irrigation dose (⩾120% ETc) without significantly affecting either the yield or the desired caliber profile (marketable standard)
ESTIMATION OF VARIABILITY ANALYSIS PARAMETERS FOR MAJOR GROWTH AND FLOWERING TRAITS OF Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii GERMPLASM
Get PDFThis experiment was carried out to evaluate the Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii germplasm collected from the different natural habitats from all over Korea. In total 30 accessions were studied for nine traits viz. plant height, leaf length, leaf width, the numbers of flowers, flower diameter, length of outer tepal, width of outer tepal, the number of leaf burn, and days to flowering in randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA revealed highly significant variability prevailing among the investigated genotypes for almost all studied traits (except leaf width). The higher estimated value of GCV, PCV, heritability (H2), and genetic advance as percent of the mean was obtained for the number of flowers and leaf burn. The moderate to high GCV and PCV coupled with higher heritability estimates (H2) and GAM were found for plant height and flower diameter. Progeny selection would be effective as the prevalence of additive gene effect for these traits. Besides, leaf width, leaf length, length of outer tepal, the width of outer tepal, and days to flowering traits were possessed moderate to low GCV and PCV value coupled with the moderate value of heritability estimate with the low level of GAM proved to be the prevalence of non-additive genetic effect thereby indicating the necessity of alternative breeding approach for these traits improvement and breeding scheme. For the former group of traits breeding hybridization and selection would be an effective method, and primarily mean performance of these traits would be very handy for the decision of selection
ROLE OF SUBSTANCE P IN PANCREATITIS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES
Get PDFSubstance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that has its place in the tachykinin family and helps in the transmission of neurogenic signals. SP is also a neuromodulator that plays a crucial part in pain during inflammatory processes. It is produced by the capsaicin-sensitive unmyelinated C fibers sensory neurons by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Substance P is known as a critical primary responder to most of the extreme stimuli, i.e., specifically those with the ability to destabilize the biological integrity. Hence, SP can be considered as an instantaneous system for defense, stress, healing, etc. SP is known to perform a vital role in neurogenic inflammation and the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Out of these, neurogenic inflammation is responsible for acute interstitial pancreatitis as a result of oedema. SP binds itself to the G-protein coupled neurokinin-1 receptor and causes plasma leakage, cell proliferation, and invasion resulting in pancreatic cancer. SP along with comparable neuropeptides seems to be crucial targets with the capability of satisfying several unfulfilled medical requisites. This review article mainly focuses on compiling the available evidence to show that SP could be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic diseases, and more exploration into the SP signaling pathways is the call of the hour
In vitro ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF AN INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANT – Pterospermum rubiginosum
Get PDFThe current study was carried out to determine the antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory activity, and cellular viability of Pterospermum rubiginosum (PR), a tropical tree endemic to the Western Ghats. The antioxidant activities of the PR bark methanolic (PRME) and aqueous extract (PRAQ) were tested using ABTS as well as superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical assays. Total antioxidant activity was evaluated by adopting the colorimetric method and correlation with their antioxidant activities was derived by Pearson co-efficient analysis. The PRME showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, EC50 (46.09µg/ml) followed by PRAQ (52.08µg/ml). Furthermore, the PRME exhibited the highest scavenging activity against superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The MTT assay results revealed good cellular viability up to a concentration of 100µg/ml with an EC50 (106.869µg/ml). The inflammatory mediators such as Cox-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB were reduced during the treatment of PRME in LPS stimulated RAW cells. The stress marker in rat liver cells such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels was found in normal levels when compared to the untreated group of rats. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and catalase also exhibited notable bioactivity in PRME treated groups up to a concentration of 1000µg/ml. The present study showed excellent In vitro and In vivo antioxidant activity; the potent anti-inflammatory ability of PRME in reducing the LPS induced inflammation in cell culture conditions
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF MENTALLY CHALLENGED ADOLESCENTS IN INDIA AND THE EFFICACY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH HERBS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Get PDFHealth is the state of well-being in physical, social, spiritual, and mental health. Apart from physical health, mental health is of prime importance. The brain is one of the most complex organs in the body. The brain has multiple tasking abilities like learn, play, concentrate, remember and it helps in sustaining a clear mind. Brain comprises around 60% fat with omega 3 fatty acid and Docosahexaenoic acid, these two supports the normal neuronal membranes. The modern diet lacking in omega 3 and DHA may harm cognitive development. In the world, India stands second place with a population of 135.26 crores. India comprises one fifth of the adolescent population that is around 27.05% of the total population. According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, “Mental retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour. Mental health in adolescents is neglected and it increased morbidity and mortality during recent years. Cognitive development in adolescence occurs in three main areas. The three areas are advanced reasoning skills, abstract thinking, and formal operational thinking. The psychiatric disorders in adolescents begin before the age of 14 and nearly 50% of adolescents are affected during this period. The remaining 20% of the adolescent’s population are affected by predisposing or precipitating factor. Plants have been used as a medicine based on folk remedies and experience. Due to the immense potential of medicinal plants, the research work was planned to carry out on plant based medicine. Various nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical components have been derived from medicinal plants. Plants such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, and various herbs are rich source of omega 3, Alpha-linolenic acid, Minerals and Vitamins which helps in cognitive development and work as memory enhancer in human being
A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON MINDFULNESS PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE AMONG SPORTS INDIVIDUALS
Get PDFMindfulness practice has become an increasingly popular intervention in optimizing athletic performance in sports. Numerous studies have reported on applying mindfulness for improving the performance of various sports such as tennis, table tennis, shooting, cricket, archery, golf, running, hockey, swimming, and cycling. This narrative review addresses different existing mindfulness programs that enhance sports performance, the outcome measures of mindfulness therapy, and identifies the anxiety and depression that affect the performance of sports individuals. To cope with the issues, the efficacy of mindfulness in performance enhancement and future research directions on mindfulness needs attention