Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
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Isolation and determination of Vibrio spp. pathogen from Sciaenops ocellatus suffering from hemorrhagic disease under cage culture in Vietnam
Get PDFThis study was carried out to isolate and determine the Vibrio spp. from the Red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus) suffering from the hemorrhagic disease in Vietnam. In this study, 18 strains of Vibrio bacteria were identified from 27 samples of Red drum fish. The isolated bacterial strains were identified with the 16S rRNA sequencing method and checked for morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics by using the API 20E KIT. Results of the study revealed the presence of twelve strains of V. alginolyticus, three strains of V. fluvialis, and three strains of V. orientalis. All Vibrio strains have gene similarities with those on the Genbank ranging from 98.05 to 100%. The biochemical characteristics of these 18 isolates were similar and these are susceptible to tetracycline and doxycycline and entirely resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Get PDFNow in these days, artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a major role in healthcare. It has many applications in diagnosis, robotic surgeries, and research, powered by the growing availability of healthcare facts and brisk improvement of analytical techniques. AI is launched in such a way that it has similar knowledge as a human but is more efficient. A robot has the same expertise as a surgeon; even if it takes a longer time for surgery, its sutures, precision, and uniformity are far better than the surgeon, leading to fewer chances of failure. To make all these things possible, AI needs some sets of algorithms. In Artificial Intelligence, there are two key categories: machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NPL), both of which are necessary to achieve practically any aim in healthcare. The goal of this study is to keep track of current advancements in science, understand technological availability, recognize the enormous power of AI in healthcare, and encourage scientists to use AI in their related fields of research. Discoveries and advancements will continue to push the AI frontier and expand the scope of its applications, with rapid developments expected in the future
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Bubble Belly Massage Oil and their Crude Ingredients
Get PDFBubble Belly massage oil is popular among Malaysians since its commercialization in 2018. The massage oil contains lemon oil, vitamin E oil, aloe vera oil, eucalyptus oil, ginger oil, black pepper, fenugreek, Caesalpinia sappan, Usnea barbata, and Helicteres isora. The massage oil is believed to reduce weight, cellulite, menstrual pain, body ache, and scar appearances. The study evaluated oil and its crude ingredients for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays, antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. The crude ingredients soaked in the massage oil were dried and underwent aqueous extraction. Phenols, tannins, and quinones were detected qualitatively in the samples. Highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging of 73.1% at 0.78% (v/v), and 98.2% at 12.5% (v/v), respectively were shown by the oil. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to the oil at 100% (v/v) with a zone of inhibition of 15.0 mm, 14.0 mm, 12.0 mm, 9.0 mm, and 14.0 mm, respectively. All the tested bacteria were resistant to the crude ingredients. The MIC values against B. cereus, MRSA, K. pneumonia, and E. coli treated with oil were in the range of 0.39 to 0.78% (v/v). Both the crude ingredients and oil showed MBC values of 12.5 mg/mL and 0.39% against B. cereus and MRSA, respectively. In a nutshell, the massage oil showed significant inhibitory and radical scavenging activities and thus is potential as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent
Elucidation of the morpho-physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress
Get PDFAgriculture is an essential sector for the increasing world population, hence the need for more food production. However, the aim of increasing food crop production is mostly suppressed by abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Salinity is a major limiting factor that inhibits the potential of plant growth and productivity worldwide. Hence, understanding the mechanisms behind plant stress response is important for developing new biomarker approaches that will increase salt tolerance in crops. To survive, plants exhibit various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes when faced with saline conditions. This study was carried out to explore and evaluate the morphological and physiological effects of salinity on maize grown in the absence/presence of NaCl, followed by measurement of the various growth parameters at the end of a treatment cycle. Results of the study revealed that salt stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf area, leaf length, and shoot (weight and length). On the other hand, salinity decreased physiological traits such as stomatal count, stomatal density, transpiration, and respiration rates. This study has shown the negative effects of salt stress on the morphology and physiology of maize. These findings can be used as a reference tool in stress response studies focusing on salt stress pathways in maize and other related crops
Effects of a combination of herbal oils (rosemary, black cumin, and clove) on quail growth, antioxidant enzymes and health status
Get PDFThe purpose of this trial was to evaluate the potential of herbal oil combinations (rosemary, clove, and black cumin) in quail feeding as a natural growth enhancer. The effects of dietary gradual levels of this blend (RCBC) on growth indices, carcass attributes, and blood biochemical variables were compared to the control group (basal diets). For this, 300 1-week-old developing quails were employed. Birds were kept on the baseline diet with or free of herbal oils blend (RCBC) at three different amounts (0, 1.50, and 3.00 cm3/kg diet) from one to six weeks of age to suit their nutritional needs. There were no variations in live body weight or body weight gain over the entire period or at intervals. Compared to the control, birds fed RCBC-supplemented diets devoured more feed (P<0.01). RCBC supplementation in the diet did not affect the feed conversion ratio. Except for heart %, all carcass features were statistically (P <0.01) different after RCBC treatment when compared to the control. The amounts of total globulins, total protein, and albumin in quails given RCBC were higher than the control (P<0.001). In quails, the hepatic levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, catalase, GR, GPx, and GST all increased (P<0.001). MDA concentrations in hepatic homogenate were dramatically reduced by RCBC diets. Finally, RCBC supplementation at a dose of up to 3.0 cm3/ kg diet is recommended to enhance the growth and general health of quails during growth, which would have a favorable impact on the general health of quail meat consumers
Effects of Liquid Organic and NPK Fertilizers on the Nutrient composition of Grass Jelly (Premna oblongifolia Merr) in Tropical Peat Soil
Get PDFPeat soil is deficient in nutrients and agricultural development in this type of low in fertility soil is very difficult. Grass jelly (Premna oblongifolia) is a dark green shrub-like medicinal plant that has been widely used for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of organic fertilizers and NPK on the growth, nutrient absorption, and flavonoid content of grass jelly plants grown in peat soil. The study was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors including liquid organic fertilizer and NPK inorganic fertilizers. Three doses of liquid organic fertilizer consisting of P0 (without liquid organic fertilizer), P1 (Agrobost), and P2 (Nasa), and three levels of NPK fertilizer consisting of N0 (0g NPK polybag-1), N1 (1 g NPK polybag-1), and N2 (2 g NPK polybag-1). The results of the study revealed a nonsignificant interaction between liquid organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer in terms of leaf growth, leaf area, fresh weight, and flavonoid of grass jelly plant growth. Further, in the case of plant nutrient contents, combined application of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer and 2 g polybag-1 NPK fertilizer tends to increase the nutrient content of N, P, and K and have the highest impact as compared to other treatments. The results of the study can be concluded that administration of liquid organic fertilizer and NPK did not affect the plant growth characteristics of grass jelly plants while in the case of nutrient content except flavonoids the level of N, P, and K of plant leaves increased
Fungal and bacterial species in degrading carbamazepine: a metabolite perspective: Mini-review
Get PDFCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a ubiquitous pharmaceutical pollutant found in various water environments. This is due to the ineffective CBZ removal, despite employing advanced physiochemical treatment technologies in the current conventional wastewater treatment plants. Thus, bioremediation that utilizes enzymes in microorganisms' systems to bio-mineralize CBZ is suggested as an alternative or complementary technique to remove CBZ more effectively. However, information from published research on the biodegradation of CBZ, the toxicity of metabolites, or toxicity testing was rarely evaluated or assessed cohesively. This aspect is important because if bioremediation of CBZ produces toxic metabolites, it will defeat the main purpose of bioremediation. Thus, the focus of this review is to assess the effectiveness of fungi and bacteria in the biodegradation of CBZ, particularly by looking at the type of enzymes expressed, and the metabolites produced. In this review, information related to the fungal and bacterial species that were reported to degrade CBZ was collated from the published literature and analyzed. Results of the analysis showed that cytochrome P450, laccase, and manganese peroxidase were the common enzymes responsible to degrade CBZ. However, such enzymatic activities can sometimes produce epoxy-CBZ, which is a more toxic compound than the parent compound. Only the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was able to oxidize epoxy-CBZ via the acridine pathway into acridone, the latter a metabolite that is susceptible to further biodegradation into nontoxic metabolites. However, the identity of the end metabolites is not reported nor characterized. Further, Pseudomonas spp. is the most promising bioremediating agent since it can metabolize CBZ into catechol, the latter can enter the carbon central pathways to generate energy for the bacterial cells
In Silico Targeting of influenza virus haemagglutinin receptor protein using Diosmetin, Tangeritin, and Anthocyanidins as potential drugs
Get PDFInfluenza viruses cause acute respiratory illnesses in birds, humans, and other mammals, and are a major public health concern around the world. Pandemic flu could be caused by an unforeseen human adaptation of an influenza subtype or strain rather than currently circulating influenza viruses. The need for plant metabolites-based new anti-influenza drugs appears to be urgent. Blocking Haemeagglutinin (HA) protein is one of the most appealing drug targets to halt the growth of the virus. The influenza virus can acquire resistance to currently existing therapies, therefore necessitating the development of new medications. The plant's bioactive metabolites, flavanoids are having potential medicinal efficacy. The current study aimed to identify certain flavonoids (Diosmetin, Tangeritin, and Anthocyanidins) that might interact with the HA protein of the influenza virus and help in inhibiting its growth. We used PyRx v0.8 for virtual screening and docking studies. The highest binding affinity docked structures were analyzed using PyMOL and Discovery Studio Visualizer. The present study revealed that these naturally occurring compounds interacted with HA protein, resulting in the minimization of energy in the range of -5.2 to -7.0 kcal/mol. Diosmetin showed the best binding affinity of -7.0Kcal/mol. The molecular binding studies revealed that Diosmetin, Tangeritin, and Anthocyanidins are potential compounds to test against HA protein and can be used to develop effective anti-influenza agents
Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Shrimp Pond Sludge in the Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
Get PDFThis study has been carried out to analyze the physical and biological indicators of shrimp pond sludge samples obtained from the Phu Vang and Phu Loc districts of the Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. All standard methodologies have been used to analyze the selected parameters like pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphate, and microbial density. The results of the study revealed that the sludge was characterized by a neutral to alkaline pH (6.9 - 7.5), and the total organic carbon content was in the range of 103.8–173.5 mg/kg. The sludge was rich in organic matter (17.8–29.9%), total nitrogen (13.5–32.5 g/kg), and total phosphate (7.9-20.1 g/kg). Further, in the case of the microbial density of pathogenic microorganisms, the density of total bacteria, coliform, E.coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., and Clostridium spp. was also estimated at two opposing weather conditions (spring, February to March; summer, June to July). The microbial community increased rapidly during the cool spring months. The total bacterial levels were recorded as 8.77 log10 CFU/mL in the Phu Loc district and 9.11 log10 CFU/mL in the Phu Vang district. The levels decreased during the hot summer months, and the level of total bacteria, Coliform, E.coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio was reported 2.57, 1.49, 1.06, 0.56, and l2.54 log10 CFU/mL respectively from the Phu Loc district of Vietnam. The results obtained using the anaerobic decomposition model showed that on the 60th day, the amount of CH4 generated at the high output value for the Phu Vang district was 22385 ppm. The results reported here revealed that CH4 gas can be potentially produced from shrimp waste sludge in this province
Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of Trypanosoma lewisi and Toxoplasma gondii in Malang City, Indonesia Rats
Get PDFRats are reported to be the intermediate hosts and reservoirs of several zoonotic protozoal diseases. Trypanosoma lewisi is commonly reported in rats’ blood and is considered non-pathogenic protozoa in humans. However, some countries documented several cases in humans with T. lewisi infection. Another zoonotic protozoon that develops in rats and can be transmissible to humans is Toxoplasma gondii. We intended to present the morphology and morphometry of T. lewisi and T.gondii in wild rats collected around Malang City to explore the potential risk of transmission nearby. The rats were collected using single live traps followed by identification, sexing, age approximation, and body morphometry. All specimens were euthanized according to the standard procedure followed by blood and peritoneal fluid collection. The fluid smear preparation and Giemsa staining were performed to detect the presence of T. lewisi and T. gondii. Morphologic and morphometric analyses were conducted using ImageJ software. Among the collected 50 collected rats, 23 were identified as Rattus norvegicus (46%), 22 as Rattus rattus (44 %), and 5 as Mus musculus (1%). In the case of protozoans infection, ten individuals were infected with T. Lewisi (20%) from the blood smear check, whereas peritoneal fluid smear examination revealed an infection of T. gondii in a specimen (2%). Results of the study proved trypanosomiasis and toxoplasmosis in wild rats in Malang City. Though the clinical significance to human and public health impact is questionable, further research and surveillance of rodent-borne parasitic pathogens will provide more information for pre-emptive action