Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
A pilot study of Resilience Programme through Group Dynamics on Academic Problems among the Matthayom Suksa 1 Students of Chiang Mai University Demonstration School
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to develop a Resilience Programme through Group Dynamics on Academic Problems among Matthayom Suksa 1 Students at Chiang Mai University Demonstration School. For this, four junior high school students were selected as respondents. The effect of the resilience program was evaluated through a general questionnaire, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measures (COPM), and Resilience Inventory. Further, the resilience program was developed by using cognitive behavioral therapy combined with acceptance and commitment therapy, group dynamics, and resilience according to the concept of Grotberg. The total period of the program was 11 weeks, with 1 session per week lasting for 60 minutes. Results of the study revealed that all the selected respondents had higher academic performance and most of them (75%) had higher academic satisfaction and resilience score. After participating in this program, the samples had a higher average resilience score (114.5) as compared to those before participating in the program (107.5). The results of this study can be concluded that the newly developed resilience program can improve the resilience component in almost all the students. Hence, it can be practiced in junior high school students to manage their academic problems. This program can also be a prototype for developing future resilience programs
Incidence of Multidrug Resistance Escherichia Coli Bacteria in Broiler Chickens in Malang Regency
Get PDFChicken meat is an important source of protein but the presence of bacterial infections such as colibacillosis is a major concern for the chicken producers. Further, colibacillosis is a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and economic loss for the poultry industry. Various efforts including the use of antibiotics have been carried out to treat colibacillosis. Recently, inappropriate use of antibiotics not only induced antibiotic resistance, but sometimes it might change into multidrug resistance due to a large number of antibiotic uses. This study aimed to identify the incidence of multidrug resistance in broiler chickens on 4 farms of Malang Regency. For this, samples of 40 chicken jejunum swabs that had a history of colibacillosis with clinical symptoms of lethargy, drooping, dwarfism, hair loss, depression, thinness, diarrhea, abdominal swelling, and osteoarthritis were used in this study. Testing begins with a microscopic examination, followed by the isolation of E. coli on Nutrient broth (NB) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media, and finally, antibiotic sensitivity was tested against eight antibiotics namely Gentamicin, Bacitracin, Enrofloxacin, Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Colistin, and Amoxicillin on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The microscopic observations showed that the chickens had a hemorrhage in the proventriculus and intestines, pericarditis, and fibrinous exudate in the air sacs and heart. Among the tested samples, 72.5% (29 samples) were found positive for E. coli. Further, in case of antibiotic resistance, 100% of E. coli positive samples were found resistant to Erythromycin, Bacitracin, and Amoxicillin, 96.6% to Enrofloxacin, 92.6% to Oxytetracycline, 37.9% to Colistin and Doxycycline, 10.3% to Gentamicin. Results of the study can be concluded that most of the E.coli positive samples have antibiotic resistance and the maximum samples are showing multidrug resistance against four or more antibiotics
Effect of Titanium, Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles on Microalgae in the Aquatic Environment
Get PDFMetallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are commonly incorporated in products found in households, industries, and agriculture. The presence of MNPs in the aquatic environment causes damage to living organisms and pollutes the water body rendering it harmful for human consumption. Several studies have been made on the toxicity of MNPs toward microalgae. Most of these studies reported changes in the cellular structure, growth rate, pigments, proteins, and enzymatic activity of microalgae. This review paper focuses on the toxic effects of titanium, zinc, and silver nanoparticles on microalgae in the aquatic environment. A better understanding of the behavior of MNPs in the ecosystem will allow scientists to produce environmentally safe MNPs
Validation of a method to elute viruses from different types of face masks
Get PDFDue to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is crucial to study the efficiency of face masks in retaining viruses for the upcoming years. The first objective of this study was to validate a method to elute viruses from polyester and cotton face masks. We observed that deionized water followed by 3% beef glycine (pH 9.5 or pH 7.2) was significantly more efficient (p < 0.05) in eluting the bacteriophage phiX174 virus from polyester (4.73% ± 0.25% to 28.67% ± 1.89%), polyester/cotton (3% ± 0.33%), and cotton (1.7% ± 0.21%) face masks than 3% beef glycine only (pH 9.5 or pH 7.2) as a single eluent (3.4% ± 0.16% to 21.33% ± 0.94% for polyester, 1.91% ± 0.08% for polyester/cotton, and 1.47% ± 0.12% for cotton face masks). Also, deionized water was significantly less efficient as a single eluent for eluting bacteriophage phiX174 from all the studied face mask types. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method was substantially more efficient (p < 0.05) as a second step concentration method for the viruses in the eluates than the organic flocculation (OF) method. Higher viral loads were eluted from polyester face masks than cotton ones. We also found varying viral loads in the eluate solutions from different commercial polyester face masks, with the highest percentage seen for the N95 face mask. The second objective was to apply the validated method to study the effect of autoclaving on the different face mask materials. Results of the study did not show any significant differences in the viral loads eluted from the studied face masks before and after one and five autoclaving cycles. Moreover, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed no changes in the yarns, elongation, tensile strength, and contact angle measurements of the polyester or cotton materials after one or five autoclaving cycles
Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution by Fusarium oxysporum: Equilibrium and Phytotoxicity Studies
Get PDFLead is a toxic metal of public health concern. The applicability of Fusarium oxysporum biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of lead ions from wastewater is assessed in the present investigation. Batch experiments were conducted under different experimental conditions for analysis of the lead biosorption capacity of live and dead biomass of Fusarium oxysporum. Lead ions were significantly absorbed at pH 5 with a 2g adsorbent amount at 300C. Equilibrium results were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and found that Langmuir isotherm is the best fit under this condition. A phytotoxicity study revealed that the growth parameters of wheat seeds were significantly increased in the lead solution treated with dead biomass as compared to the live biomass of F. oxysporum. Further, dead F. oxysporum significantly removed lead within 3 hours whereas live fungal biomass took two days for the complete removal of lead. Therefore, the results of the study suggested that live and dead biomass of F. oxysporum can be used as an effective, safe, and economically feasible sorbent for the removal of lead present in industrial effluent or wastewater systems
Synergistic anticancer effect of combination treatment of vitamin D and pitavastatin on the HCC1937 breast cancer cells
Get PDFVitamin D (Vit D) has anticancer properties including activating cell senescence inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptotic cell death, and decreasing cancer cell migration. On the other hand, statins showed favorable anticancer activities including anti-survival, anti-proliferation, and anti-migration effects. The current study aimed to investigate the synergistic anticancer effect of Vit D and statins against HCC1937 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The antiproliferative effect was tested by MTT assay after 48 hours of the treatments. Trypan blue test and clonogenic assay were used to test the anti-survival activities of the treatments. The ability of the treatments to inhibit the migration ability was tested by scratch assay. Levels of the cell cycle and apoptotic markers were determined by western blotting. Results of the study revealed that all the tested compounds including Vit D, atorvastatin (Ator), simvastatin (Simv), and pitavastatin (Pita) inhibited HCC1937 breast cancer cell growth with different IC50 values ranging from 4.49-12.95 µM. Combined application of Pita and Vit D showed potent synergistic antiproliferative activities against HCC1937 breast cancer cells. The combined therapy of (1µM Vit D and 2 µM Pita) inhibited HCC1937 cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as evidenced by increasing p21, p53, and cleaved PARP. Finally, the combined treatment decreased the p-STAT3 level in HCC1937 breast cancer cells. The results of the study can be concluded that the combined treatment of Pita and Vit D has a synergistic anticancer effect against HCC1937 breast cancer cells
Effect of different growing media on selected growth performance parameters of Raphanus pugioniformis and Raphanus raphanistrum
Get PDFRaphanus raphanistrum and R. pugioniformis (Brassicaceae) are wild radishes, native to the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of growing soil media (perlite, sand, and terra rossa) on the growth performance of two Raphanus species. For this, seeds of the selected species were germinated and seedlings were transferred to plastic cylinders, filled with growing soil media. At harvest, various growth parameters including shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight were determined. Root and shoot fresh and dry weight, before and after oven dry for 24 h at 70 °C was measured. Results of the study revealed statistically significant differences (P value ≤ 0.05) among the various studied growth parameters for the selected Raphanus species and are affected by different growing media including types of soil and growing time (days after potting from 33 to 78). After 33 days of potting, the average shoot length for R. pugioniformis was found 6.6, 8.0, and 8.6 cm in terra rossa, sand, and perlite growing media respectively. On the other hand, the fresh (0.8, 1.6, and 2.5g) and dry (0.25, 0.48, and 0.72g) shoot weight for R. pugioniformis was reported in terra rossa, sand, and perlite soil media respectively. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that among the tested growing media, perlite growing medium is the best medium for the growth of both studied Raphanus species. This study demonstrated that the three studied growing media affected all the growth performance parameters of both Raphanus pugioniformis and Raphanus raphanistrum differently
Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on the Digestibility of Different Nutrients Using Standardized Static In vitro Digestion Model
Get PDFMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer and food additive with a unique umami taste. Due to its widespread use in humans, this study focused on the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic effect, and interaction with protein digestion by performing a standardized static in vitro digestion model and lipid digestion by estimating free fatty acids released from 0.5 g of olive oil during intestinal lipolysis. The study showed that monosodium glutamate has an apparent cytotoxic effect on the Caco-2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. MSG glutamate also showed low inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase enzyme even at high concentrations (16.3 % at 1800 ppm). By performing simulated in vitro digestion to study the interaction between MSG and protein digestion, followed by MTT study, total protein determination, and pH drop method, all results concluded that MSG affected proteolysis. Finally, the impact of MSG on lipolysis was studied through a free fatty acid release test. The results of the study demonstrated that MSG harmed fat digestibility in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, it is essential to conduct further studies, especially in vivo studies, to determine the potential negative effects of MSG on human health
Assessing the competitive ability of the invader Senna obtusifolia with coexisting natives species under different water stress regimes
Get PDFInvasive species tend to pose a threat to ecosystem biodiversity, functioning, and ecosystem service provision. This study was conducted in Burkina Faso to assess the competitiveness of an invasive species Senna obtusifolia that is a less palatable legume plant in West African Sahelian rangelands. To address the research hypothesis that the recurrent drought in the Sahel results in S. obtusifolia being more competitive in the land invasion, we conducted an interspecific competition involving S. obtusifolia and 3 herbaceous species (Andropogon gayanus, Chamaecrista mimosoides, and Pennisetum pedicellatum) in a greenhouse experiment under four water stress regimes using a replacement series design. The height and biomass of each species were measured throughout four months experiment. In the severe water regime, S. obtusifolia was the most sensitive to water deficit while the 3 other species were found to be resistant. In addition, in all water regimes, the aggressivity index revealed that S. obtusifolia was less competitive than the grass species A. gayanus and P. pedicellatum. Further, the study discovered that drought in the Sahel made S. obtusifolia more vulnerable than the other species. Hence the invasion of Sahelian rangelands by S. obtusifolia could be favored by overgrazing that reduces fodder species' dominance and competitiveness. Good management of sahelian rangelands by controlling grazing could help to reduce S. obtusifolia invasion and provide more fodder for livestock
Aspirin regulates oxidative stress and physio-biochemical attributes in Brassica juncea under cadmium toxicity
Get PDFThe current study aimed to evaluate the effects of aspirin (Asp) on growth, physio-biochemical variables, and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea subjected to cadmium toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity decreased the root and shoot development by 67.53 % and 64.4 % respectively, over the control. However, treatment with Asp showed improved root and shoot growth in Cd treated seedlings. This study demonstrates elevation in total soluble sugar (TSS), proline, and glycine betaine levels and suppressed total protein concentrations in Cd treated seedlings over control. On the treatment of Asp to Cd exposed plants, an enhanced level of the above said variables was reported. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and ascorbate (ASC) increased in plants with Cd stress over control, followed by enhanced elevation of the same on supplementation of Asp. Supplementation of Asp reduces the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, confirming the plant metals' stress protection properties of Asp. Thus studies confirm aspirin's involvement in protecting plant growth and development against cadmium toxicity