Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Characterization of Biochar Empty Fruit Bunches OPEFB at Various Temperatures and Burning Time
Get PDFOil palm waste (OPW), comprising mainly of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fiber, frond, trunk, and palm kernel shell generated from the palm oil industry, was collected, characterized, and then pyrolyzed to evaluate their potential to be converted into biochar. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are a source of organic material with abundant nutrients and are highly potentially useful as biochar. This article provides experimental data for the production of biochar at a temperature range of 100 to 300 °C at time of 4 to 8 hours. The chemical components examined are pH, CEC, C-Organic, N-total, C/N, K dd, P, Ca, Mg, and Na, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that organic C, nitrogen, and pH were highest at 200–300 °C and had a burning time of 8 hours. Furthermore, the highest concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg were recorded at 200–300°C after 5 hours, Kdd at 100–200 °C after 5 hours, and Na and CEC at 200–300 °C after 4 hours. The transmittance intensity produced by the spectrum of hydroxyl (O-H) vibrations, carbonyl stretching (C=O), alkanes (-CH), and aromatics (C=C) decreased with increasing time, while stretching alcohol (C-O) vibrations increased with time. Our results demonstrate that OPEB is a biowaste that shows exceptional promise to be transformed into high-grade biochar rather than simply disposed of by landfilling or burning
Ameliorating Direct Blue Dye Degradation Using Trametes versicolor Derived Laccase Enzyme Optimized through Box–Behnken Design (BBD) via Submerged Fermentation
Get PDFThe major intend of this study was to elucidate the laccase production by Trametes versicolor under submerged fermentation using fruit waste peel as substrate. The textile dye was decolorized by the procured crude enzymatic extract using the response surface methodology. The submerged media with organic fruit peel waste extract (jackfruit, pineapple & kaffir) supplemented with gypsum, calcium carbonate, and nutrient broth were considered superior for laccase production. The produced laccase enzyme was used in dye decolorization at the optimum conditions using the Box-Behnken design. Subsequently, the experiment was designed with four variables (dye concentration, pH, temperature & time) with three factors to achieve the maximum direct blue dye decolorization. The highest laccase activity level was obtained from jackfruit peel extract with 3.86U/ml on 15th day at 25oC with pH 5.0 when compared to the other two extracts. The maximum laccase activity with guaiacol was obtained at optimum pH 4 and 40oC. The predicted value was experimentally validated by attaining 81.25% of dye color removal. From the result, the optimum conditions for direct blue color removal were: dye concentration 40ppm, pH 4.0, temperature 40oC at 24 hours. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the jack fruit peel was a more suitable substrate for laccase production. The dye decolorization results were recommended that Box-Behnken design for parameters optimization. The T. versicolor laccase was more proficient for textile dye decolorization. The opportunity was created by using the laccase enzyme for the biological treatment of textile dyeing effluent before discharging into the environment
Plastic Waste in India: overview, impact, and measures to mitigate: Review
Get PDFIndia is one of the world’s large and fastest-growing economies. With the expanding development, the usage of plastic for anthropogenic activities has expanded many folds and India alone generated around 3.3 million metric tonnes of plastic in the financial year 2019. 79 percent of the plastic generated worldwide enters our land, water, and environment as waste; part of it also enters our bodies through the food chain. The industry in India states that 60 percent of what is generated is recycled and we had assumed that we had solved the problem of plastic waste by recycling, or burying it in landfills. But we were incorrect. Plastic garbage is omnipresent today. It is filling up our oceans and harming marine life and affecting all organisms in the food chain. With the development of economic growth of the country per capita consumption of plastic will only increase in the coming years and we will end up generating more plastic waste The review paper aimed to examine the major impact of plastic waste in India and how to reduce plastic consumption, considering measures such as phasing out or banning multilayered plastics that cannot be recycled, contemplating renewable raw materials, promoting the use of bioplastics, incentivizing the recycling business, and making the rules and guidelines for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) simple and enforceable
Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as an Anticancer Agent: A Review
Get PDFAccording to reports, one of the leading causes of mortality is cancer. Over the years, numerous approaches have been devised to lessen chronic pain and death as well as to elevate the quality of life. However, a scarcity persists in the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Early cancer identification and medication delivery with excellent specificity to reduce toxicities are two critical elements in ensuring effective cancer treatment. As a result of severe systemic toxicities and issues with current cancer diagnostic and treatment procedures, alternative nanotechnology-based techniques are being employed to improve detection and minimize disease severity. Nanotechnology has shown promising breakthroughs in cancer therapy by eliminating tumours with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. Since zinc is one of the necessary trace elements found in large amounts in human body tissues, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are said to be the most cost-effective and have the least hazardous characteristics of all metal oxide nanoparticles. In addition, ZnO NPs have several biological uses, notably in the field of drug administration. In this review, we tried to explore the advantage of ZnO NPs in the biomedical field, particularly in the treatment of cancer which can help to facilitate future research progress
Correlation Analysis between Internet Addiction and Self-Regulation among Thai University Students
Get PDFThe self-regulation of internet activities is a challenge between technology and human interaction, particularly in adolescents. It is very important to study the relationship between self-regulation and internet addiction since humans have become closely connected to technology in recent decades. The objective of the present research was to study the relationship between internet addiction and self-regulation by assessing the habits of university students. The samples consisted of 500 first-year students residing in Chiang Mai University dormitories, and data were collected from questionnaires regarding personal information, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and self-regulation assessment. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and self-regulation. The results of the study revealed that the level of internet addiction had a moderately positive relation with poor self-regulation, which had a correlation coefficient of 0.560 with a statistical significance level of 0.01. Further, the level of internet addiction had a low negative relation with good self-regulation, which had a correlation coefficient equal to -0.262 with a statistical significance level of 0.01. Hence, creating the necessary assistance and solutions is required to achieve a healthy balance in the behavior of young individuals
A Review on Bacterial Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Impact on Environmental Health
Get PDFBenzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a high molecular weight. Benzo[a]pyrene and other PAHs are induces severe acute or chronic human health hazards and are extremely carcinogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic, and teratogenic. Microorganisms play a crucial part in the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene from polluted environments. Such micro-organisms synthesize monooxygenase and di-oxygenase enzymes that proceed with the aerobic or anaerobic catabolic degradations of benzo[a]pyrene. Bioaugmentation, biomineralization, and biostimulation methods can be used for the decontamination of benzo[a]pyrene from hydrocarbon contaminated sites. In this review paper, we thoroughly explained the impacts of benzo[a]pyrene pollution on human health and the environment. Further, this study also described various pathways regarding the bio-degradation of benzo[a]pyrene and also an updated overview of future prospects of benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation
Techniques of Bioremediation using bacteria for the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A Review
Get PDFThe term "hydrocarbon" is self-explanatory and refers to solely carbon and hydrogen compounds. Hydrocarbons play an important role in our everyday lives. Hydrocarbons, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, harm biota. The relatively fast introduction of xenobiotic compounds, as well as the enormous movement of natural materials to various environmental compartments, can often overwhelm the self-cleaning capabilities of the recipient ecosystem, resulting in pollution and accumulation of hazardous or even lethal levels. Bacteria capable of hydrocarbon degradation are frequently used in the bioremediation of fuel oil-contaminated sites. Presently, multiple sophisticated methodologies, transcriptomics, proteomics and are effectively utilized for the depiction of hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms. These expertises are highly developed, and its integration with bioinformatics tools makes it even more efficient. Though health science and biological science are the major relevant areas for molecular docking, it has been effectively used to explore the process of bio-degradation in ecological remediation in recent years. This review focuses on the sources, fate of PAHs, human exposure, various computational aspects associated with PAHs, and some approaches of synthetic biology related to pollutant degradation and PAH‑degradation by genetically engineered microorganisms
Influence of foliar application with Moringa oleifera residue fertilizer on growth, and yield quality of leafy vegetables
Get PDFBiofertilizers produced from organic materials help to promote the growth, and yield quality of crops and is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers. Moringa oleifera is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are also used to make biofertilizers. The use of moringa non-edible parts in biofertilizer preparation remains under-explored. In this study, a procedure to produce moringa foliar biofertilizer (MFB) from non-edible parts was developed. The effect of composting time (3 to 4 months) on the quality of MFB was investigated, and four-month incubation was found suitable for biofertilizers yield with the highest nitrogen content and optimal pH. Furthermore, the influences of MFB doses (20 to 100 mL per Litre) on the growth of lettuce and mustard spinach were studied. The yield of these leafy vegetables was the highest at 100 mL per Litre of MFB spray. Finally, MFB was compared with other commercial foliar sprays, including chitosan fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer. Each foliar treatment was applied every five days until five days before harvest. Plant height, the number of leaves, canopy diameter, leaf area index, actual yield, ascorbic acid content, and Brix were found to be similar in lettuce sprayed with MFB, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers. In conclusion, the application of MFB promoted the growth and yield of mustard spinach
Synergistic Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Micropropagation of Eclipta alba: A Plant with Diverse Medicinal Properties
Get PDFSynergism between various plant growth regulators is reported to be a key factor for the development of efficient in vitro propagation for any plant. Therefore, the current study examines the synergistic impact of plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Eclipta alba, an important medicinal plant possessing diverse medicinal properties. For the establishment of aseptic cultures, nodal segments were employed as explants on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM of 6-benzyle adenine (BA). Varying concentrations of BA and Kinetin (KIN)(0.0-5.0 μM), either alone or in combination with α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA @ 0.0-5.0 μM) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA@ 0.0-5.0 μM), were found to be effective for promoting shoot proliferation. Compared to KIN, BA was found to promote shoot proliferation and elongation more effectively. Further, the addition of 0.5μM NAA in the MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM of BA increased shoot multiplication and elongation frequency from 58 and 17 percent to 65 and 21 percent respectively. The rooting frequency was found to be maximum on 1/2 strength MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA), which was found to be a superior auxin for inducing roots as compared to the NAA and IAA. With a 75% survival rate, in vitro raised plantlets were effectively acclimatized first in a poly house and later under greenhouse conditions. Molecular analysis was carried out using RAPD markers, with results indicating that the micropropagated plants were genetically identical to the mother plant. The developed micropropagation protocol for E. alba can be used at the commercial level for the mass multiplication of plants
SARS-CoV-2 emerging Omicron subvariants with a special focus on BF.7 and XBB.1.5 recently posing fears of rising cases amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron versions have been the sole one circulating for quite some time. Subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 of the Omicron emerged over time and through mutation, with BA.1 responsible for the most severe global pandemic between December 2021 and January 2022. Other Omicron subvariants such as BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1 appeared recently and could cause a new wave of increased cases amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is evidence that certain Omicron subvariants have increased transmissibility, extra spike mutations, and ability to overcome protective effects of COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies through immunological evasion. In recent months, the Omicron BF.7 subvariant has been in the news due to its spread in China and a small number of other countries, raising concerns about a possible rebound in COVID-19 cases. More recently, the Omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant has captured international attention due to an increase in cases in the United States. As a highly transmissible sublineage of Omicron BA.5, as well as having a shorter incubation time and the potential to reinfect or infect immune population, BF.7 has stronger infection ability. It appears that the regional immunological landscape is affected by the amount and timing of previous Omicron waves, as well as the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, which in turn determines whether the increased immune escape of BF.7 and XBB.1.5 subvariants is sufficient to drive new infection waves. Expanding our understanding of the transmission and efficacy of vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and antiviral drugs against newly emerging Omicron subvariants and lineages, as well as bolstering genomic facilities for tracking their spread and maintaining a constant vigilance, and shedding more light on their evolution and mutational events, would help in the development of effective mitigation strategies. Importantly, reducing the occurrence of mutations and recombination in the virus can be aided by bolstering One health approach and emphasizing its significance in combating zoonosis and reversal zoonosis linked with COVID-19. This article provides a brief overview on Omicron variant, its recently emerging lineages and subvairants with a special focus on BF.7 and XBB.1.5 as much more infectious and highly transmissible variations that may once again threaten a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases globally amid the currently ongoing pandemic, along with presenting salient mitigation measures