Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
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Optimizing the ratios of standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine plus SID cystine and SID threonine to SID lysine in low-protein diets for working boars
Get PDFThis study aimed to optimize the ratios of standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine (Met) plus cystine (Cys), and threonine (Thr) to SID lysine (Lys) in low-protein diets for working boars. Forty-eight working Duroc boars were randomly allocated to one of 12 dietary treatments in a 3x4 factorial experimental design in which factor 1 was the ratios of SID Met plus Cys to SID Lys (50, 60, 70%), factor 2 was the ratios of SID Thr to SID Lys (40, 50, 60, 70%). Semen was collected at a 4 days interval for 6 weeks for 10 ejaculates. Semen volume (V), percentage of sperm with progressive motility (A), sperm concentration (C), and the total number of motile sperm per ejaculate (VAC) were measured. The results of the study revealed that the ratios of SID Met plus Cys to SID Lys in the diets affected the C and VAC. Values of C and VAC were highest at the ratios of SID Met plus Cys to SID Lys of 70% and lowest at 50% (P<0.05). Similarly, the ratios of SID Thr to SID Lys affected the C and VAC. Further, the values of C and VAC were highest at the ratio of SID Thr to SID Lys of 60% and lowest at 40% (P<0.05). There was no interaction effect between the two factors. In conclusion, the ratios of SID Met plus Cys to SID Lys of 70% and SID Thr to SID Lys of 60% in a 13.5% CP diet are optimal for working boars
Gastroprotective activity of yogurt fortified with purple roselle extract in rats exposed with 2,3,7,8-TCDD
Get PDFPersistent organic pollutant 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodiobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), known as harmful congeners of dioxin, has many adverse effects on human or animal health. This TCDD enters the body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Purple Roselle is a well-known herb-medicinal plant having antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of purple roselle water extract along yogurt against dioxin exposure. The antioxidant properties of the extract were measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and gastrointestinal histology. For this, 25 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used, and these rats were divided into five groups negative control, positive control (TCDD 200 ng/kg BW), and three treatment groups (TCDD 200 ng/kg BW + yogurt fortified with purple roselle water extract concentrations 0.5, 1, and 1.5 percent), all the treatments were given orally. Gastric MDA was determined quantitatively using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method and the one-way ANOVA test, continued by a Tukey post hoc test with a confidence level of 95% while the gastric histology was observed descriptively. Results of the study revealed that supplementation of fortified yogurt with 1% purple roselle extract could dramatically reduce MDA levels (p<0,05) and heal histological damage in the lamina propria mucosa of stomach rats subjected to TCDD. Results of the study can be concluded that consuming yogurt with purple roselle extract can reduce MDA levels and repair histological damage to the gastric mucosa caused by dioxin exposure
Characterization of arsenic-resistant endophytic Priestia megaterium R2.5.2 isolated from ferns in an arsenic-contaminated multi-metal mine in Vietnam
Get PDFBioremediation is a biological process to remove or neutralize environmental pollutants. This study was carried out to investing at the efficacy of arsenic resistant endophytic bacteria isolated from Pteris vittata, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Blenchum orientale, and Nephrolepis exaltata, which grow in a highly arsenic (As) contamination mining site in Vietnam. Their segmented roots, stems, and leaves were homogenized separately and inoculated on LB agar plates containing 5mM As(III) and As(V). A total of 31 arsenic resistant endophytic strains were selected, in which strain R2.5.2 isolated from the root of P. calomelanos had the highest arsenic resistant capability. Strain R2.5.2 tolerated up to 320 mM and 160 mM of arsenate and arsenite, respectively. The strain developed well on a media of 0.1 5% NaCl, at 20-40ºC and pH 5 9, and actively utilized most of the sugar sources. It had a high IAA biosynthesis capacity with an average concentration of 19.14 mg/L, tolerated to 0.5-16 mM concentration of Ag+, Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cr4+, and reduced As(V). Based on 16s rDNA, R2.5.2 was identified as Priestia megaterium. The ars C gene coding for arsenate reductase catalyzing reduction of As(V) was successfully amplified in P. megaterium R2.5.2. The selected strain may have potential use for bioremediation practice
Effect of Drainage Channels on Vegetation Diversity of Tropical Peatswamp Forest of Sebangau National Park, Indonesia
Get PDFPeat swamp forests are playing important role in climate change by carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and crucial local livelihoods. The construction of drainage channels in Sebangau National Park, Indonesia negatively affects the Peatland ecosystem and degrades the vegetation diversity. This research aims to study the composition and vegetation diversity of secondary peat swamp forests in Sebangau National Park (SNP), especially around large and small drainage channels. For the observation of vegetation composition and diversity, each observation block consisted of 3 transects that were 300 m apart from each other, and perpendicular to the channel. For observations on small drainage channel blocks, transects are made to continue the previous transect at a distance of 500 m from the end of the large drainage channel. On each transect, 5 plots of vegetation were made using the plot line method with a distance of 50 m between each plot. A total of 15 plots of 30mx30m size were prepared for each drainage channel category. Observations were made on the growth rate of seedlings in a 2m x 2m plot, poles in a 5m x 5m plot, saplings in a 10m x 10m plot, and trees in a 20m x 20m plot. The results of the study showed that Shorea spp., Combretocarpus rotundatus, Cratoxylum arborencens, and Calophyllum sp. are the dominant plant species of the study area. Overall 92 species were reported from the Large Drainage Channel block and 86 species from the Small Drainage Channel block. Further, the Species Diversity ranged between 1.43 - 1.57 while Species Richness ranged from 16.80 – 23.03, and the Evenness Index ranged from 0.83 – 0.92 at all levels of vegetation growth. Results of the study can be concluded that the channel dimensions do not have any effect on species number, diversity index, species richness, and species evenness at all levels of vegetation growth. The Similarity Index of species at seedlings, saplings, and poles is more than 50%, while at the tree level it was reported less than 50%
Dielectric properties of the tissues with different histological structure: Ex vivo study
Get PDFThis study aimed to estimate the dielectric properties of tissues with different histological structures. For this, specimens of fibrous (n=9), muscular (n=7), and fatty (n=11) human tissues were studied. The estimation of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of these specimens was tested with a program and apparatus device for near-field resonance microwave sensing, including 5 applicators with different depths of study. Results of the study demonstrated that this technology can visualize the shape, localization, and linear decisions of biological objects. The currently used method allows distinguishing the tissue histological type. It was stated that fibrous tissue has a maximal level of median and highest dielectric permittivity, and the minimal value of this parameter was fixed for fatty specimens (in 4.26 and 4.53 times lower than in fibrous one, respectively). Muscular tissue has an intermediate value of dielectric permittivity, approaching a level close to fibrous tissue
Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Impairment: A Review
Get PDFLearning and memory formation are the two essential terms widely used in the field of cognition. Learning can be defined as acquiring new information or skills. Memory is formed due to changes in the neuronal system as a result of continuous stimulus exposure. Both learning and memory are fundamental processes that occur in all living organisms. Memory is broadly categorized into two different categories such as short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Compared to STM, LTM plays an essential role in the day-to-day activities of different living organisms. LTM requires RNA and protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms for memory storage, which lasts up to their lifetime. LTM formation is initiated when the neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron; further released neurotransmitters bind with their respective receptors present in the postsynaptic neuron and initiate the calcium influx. Calcium influx results in the further activation of molecules involved in the neuronal signaling pathway and results in memory formation. Present review reports the outcome of recent studies which showed that probiotic supplement is responsible for the retrieval of memory in case of memory impairment and its uses in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research studies were shown that probiotic microorganisms may positively regulate neurotransmitter release and increase the calcium influx, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and plays a pivotal role in the LTM formation in gut-dysbiosed & memory-impaired animal models
Ancestry Specific variation in neuropsychological disorders among the South Asian population
Get PDFThe enormous genetic diversity in South Asia resulting from a long and complex admixture history resulted in the emergence of variation in various traits and variations in disease susceptibility. Neuropsychological disorders are one such example that shows variation at the population level. In this study, we aimed at understanding the variation in neuropsychological disorders at the population level among South Asian populations by curating, comparing and contrasting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), known to be associated with the same. Whole-genome data comprising of 1662 South Asians, belonging to 241 distinct populations were obtained from the database of Dr. David Reich, Harvard Medical School, USA. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the Ancestral Tibeto Burman (ATB) genomes form a distinct and distinguishable cluster for the SNPs known to be associated with neuropsychological disorders. Identical By Descent (IBD) analysis showed that out of the top seven populations in terms of IBD sharing, six are from Southern India indicating that these populations may have undergone a recent selective sweep for these SNPs. Further, out of the top ten genomes, according to the number of genomes fixed for the minor alleles, seven were from Southern India. Furthermore, several indigenous populations from South India depicted high F values (>0.25) for SNPs associated with neuropsychological disorders, indicating higher susceptibility for neuropsychological disorders among these South Indian populations. Interestingly, we found that most of the SNPs, fixed for the alternative alleles, were also found to be fixed among the ancient genomes from Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), indicating that these SNPs likely got transmitted to various modern-day South Indian populations from IVC
Biosorption of Acid dye by Jackfruit Leaf Powder: Isotherm, kinetics and Response surface methodology studies
Get PDFA green adsorbent derived from Jackfruit leaf powder (JLP) was used to eliminate Acid Yellow 99 (AY 99) dye from an aqueous medium in this study. We checked the effect of pH, biomass dosage, and temperature (process parameters) on the adsorption potential of AY 99 was explored using the CCD model integrating the RSM approach. At a pH of 2.5, biosorbent dosage of 4 gL-1, and a 30°C temperature, maximum removal was preferred. ANOVA was incorporated to observe the importance of experimental variables and their interactions. The solution pH (A) and biomass dose (C) had the greatest effects on the decolorization of AY 99, according to the findings. ANOVA was used to identify the most important factors, which included two independent variables (A and C) and two quadratic model terms (A2 and C2). The kinetic data were effectively interpreted using a pseudo 2nd order with film diffusion model combination, indicating the chemisorptions phenomenon. Following the model of Langmuir isotherm, the utmost capacity for adsorption was determined to be 418.15 mg g-1 in terms of initial dye concentration. The findings of the maximum adsorption capacity showed that JLP could be employed as a useful adsorbent to eliminate AY 99 from its aqueous medium
Factors Influencing Willingness to Adopt Recommended Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Agronomic Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Lands of Embu County, Kenya
Get PDFThe study assessed the willingness of smallholder farmers to adopt the recommended agronomic practices of Bambara groundnut in semi-arid lands of Embu County. The study was carried out in three sub-counties i.e. Mbeere North, Mbeere South, and Embu West, of Embu County. Data were extracted with the help of a well-structured questionnaire which was distributed to 384 smallholder farmers who were participants at the farmers’ field schools at the three sites. The data were analyzed using means, percentages, and logistic regression. Results of the study revealed that 60.94% of the farmers were willing to adopt the recommended agronomic practices. The willingness of the farmers to adopt the recommended agronomic practices was influenced by farming experience, farm size, extension contact, participation in farmers’ groups, cropping technologies adoption, and intercropping system used by the farmers. The application of the farmer participatory approach is an innovative way of introducing and promoting less popular but sustainably proven agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers. This is a climate-smart strategy to address the challenges of food in the area. Awareness creation among the farmers using the right extension channels can increase farmers’ willingness to adopt climate-smart technologies such as the production of the highly nutritive and drought tolerant Bambara groundnut in dry areas
Machine learning for the classification of breast cancer tumor: a comparative analysis
Get PDFThe detection and diagnosis of Breast cancer at an early stage is a challenging task. With the increase in emerging technologies such as data mining tools, along with machine learning algorithms, new prospects in the medical field for automatic diagnosis have been developed, with which the prediction of a disease at an early stage is possible. Early detection of the disease may increase the survival rate of patients. The main purpose of the study was to predict breast cancer disease as benign or malignant by using supervised machine learning algorithms such as the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF) and to compare their performance in terms of the accuracy, precision, F1 score, support, and AUC. The experimental results demonstrated that the MLP achieved a high prediction accuracy of 99.4%, followed by random forest (96.4%) and K-NN (76.3%). The diagnosis rates of the MLP, random forest and K-NN were 99.9%, 99.6%, and 73%, respectively. The study provides a clear idea of the accomplishments of classification algorithms in terms of their prediction ability, which can aid healthcare professionals in diagnosing chronic breast cancer efficiently